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Development and validation of a clinical cancer genomic profiling test based on massively parallel DNA sequencing
Open accessAbstract
As more clinically relevant cancer genes are identified, comprehensive diagnostic approaches are needed to match patients to therapies, raising the challenge of optimization and analytical validation of assays that interrogate millions of bases of cancer genomes altered by multiple mechanisms. Here we describe a test based on massively parallel DNA sequencing to characterize base substitutions, short insertions and deletions (indels), copy number alterations and selected fusions across 287 cancer-related genes from routine formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) clinical specimens. We implemented a practical validation strategy with reference samples of pooled cell lines that model key determinants of accuracy, including mutant allele frequency, indel length and amplitude of copy change. Test sensitivity achieved was 95-99% across alteration types, with high specificity (positive predictive value >99%). We confirmed accuracy using 249 FFPE cancer specimens characterized by established assays. Application of the test to 2,221 clinical cases revealed clinically actionable alterations in 76% of tumors, three times the number of actionable alterations detected by current diagnostic tests.
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“Targeted multiplexed hotspot panels (e.g., Agena Oncocarta [Agena Bioscience, San Diego, CA], 47 SNaPshot [Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA], 48 and next-generation sequencing [NGS] panels 49,50 ) have already been developed and are available in College of American Pathologists (CAP)-accredited academic and commercial laboratories.”
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Molecular Tests and Target Therapies in Oncology: Recommendations from the Italian Workshop
Pinto, C., Biffoni, M., Popoli, P., Marchetti, A., Marchetti, P., Martini, N., & Normanno, N. (2021) · Future Oncology · doi:10.2217/fon-2021-0286 · Cited by 27
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Lin, D. I., Fine, A. D., Danziger, N. A., Huang, R. S. P., Mata, D. A., Decker, B. J., Killian, J. K., Ramkissoon, S. H., Lechpammer, M., Janovitz, T., et al. (2022) · Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.12.030 · Cited by 27
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“January 2011 and December 2020, and underwent tissue comprehensive genomic profiling (FoundationOne, FoundationOne CDx or FoundationOneLiquid CDx).(26,27) Institutional Review Board approval with waiver of informed consent was obtained before study conduct.”
MethodSteiert, T. A., Fuß, J., Juzėnas, S., Wittig, M., Hoeppner, M. P., Vollstedt, M., Varkalaitė, G., ElAbd, H., Brockmann, C., Görg, S., et al. (2022) · NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/nargab/lqac051 · Cited by 26
“Deep, even, and ideally complete target coverage is also essential for clinical and scientific sequencing applications (24,25).”
BackgroundThe Multi-Dimensional Biomarker Landscape in Cancer Immunotherapy
Lee, J. Y., Kannan, B., Lim, B. Y., Li, Z., Lim, A. H., Loh, J. W., Ko, T. K., Ng, C. C. Y., & Chan, J. Y. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23147839 · Cited by 29
“In more recent times, precision oncology platforms now utilize next generation sequencing (NGS) of targeted panels such as the FoundationOne CDx (F1CDx) [58], Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center’s Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets (MSK-IMPACT) [59], and FoundationACT (Assay for Circulation…”
BackgroundTargeting the FGF/FGFR axis and its co-alteration allies
Uehara, Y., Ikeda, S., Kim, K. H., Lim, H. J., Adashek, J. J., Persha, H. E., Okamura, R., Lee, S., Sicklick, J. K., Kato, S., et al. (2022) · ESMO Open · doi:10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100647 · Cited by 27
“Median age (range), year 61 (21-82) Sex, n (%) Men 6 (37.”
Villaruz, L. C., Socinski, M. A., & Weiss, J. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1124167 · Cited by 27
“One study detected actionable genetic alterations in 76% of clinical tumor specimens using HC-NGS, which was three-times the amount detected by traditional tests (39).”
Meng, L., Thapa, R., Delgado, M., Gómez, M. F. L., Ji, R., Knepper, T. C., Hubbard, J. M., Wang, X., Permuth, J. B., Kim, R. D., et al. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.20035 · Cited by 25
Next-generation sequencing in NSCLC and melanoma patients: a cost and budget impact analysis
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Meletath, S. K., Pavlick, D. C., Brennan, T. J., Hamilton, R. H., Chmielecki, J., Elvin, J. A., Palma, N. A., Ross, J. S., Miller, V. A., Stephens, P. J., et al. (2016) · Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2016.0145 · Cited by 27
Lee, H., Jabbour, T. E., Ainechi, S., Gay, L. M., Elvin, J. A., Vergilio, J., Suh, J. H., Ramkissoon, S. H., Ali, S. M., Schrock, A. B., et al. (2017) · Human Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2017.10.007 · Cited by 27
Kim, K. B., Semrad, T. J., Schrock, A. B., Ali, S. M., Ross, J. S., Singer, M. I., & Kashani–Sabet, M. (2018) · JCO Precision Oncology · doi:10.1200/po.17.00138 · Cited by 27
Khiabanian, H., Hirshfield, K. M., Goldfinger, M., Bird, S., Stein, M. N., Aisner, J., Toppmeyer, D., Wong, S. T.-L., Chan, N., Dhar, K., et al. (2018) · JCO Precision Oncology · doi:10.1200/po.17.00148 · Cited by 28
ATM/RB1 mutations predict shorter overall survival in urothelial cancer
Yin, M., Grivas, P. D., Emamekhoo, H., Mendiratta, P., Ali, S. M., Hsu, J., Vasekar, M. K., Drabick, J. J., Pal, S. K., & Joshi, M. (2018) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.24738 · Cited by 28
“Base substitutions, short insertions, deletions, copy number changes, gene fusions and rearrangements were assessed in a manner akin to previous reports [19].”
ResultUmakanthan, J. M., Iqbal, J., Batlevi, C. L., Bouska, A. C., Smith, L. M., Shostrom, V., Nutsch, H., William, B. M., Bociek, R. G., Lunning, M. A., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.15702 · Cited by 27
Uehara, Y., Koyama, T., Katsuya, Y., Sato, J., Sudo, K., Kondo, S., Yoshida, T., Shoji, H., Shimoi, T., Yonemori, K., et al. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.33188 · Cited by 26
Combination Treatment Strategies to Overcome PARP Inhibitor Resistance
Soung, Y. H., & Chung, J. (2023) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom13101480 · Cited by 27
“Currently, the next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based myChoice CDx and FoundationOne CDx assays are to validate the HRD status of cancers [12].”
MethodGalán‐Cobo, A., Vokes, N. I., Qian, Y., Molkentine, D. P., Ramkumar, K., Paula, A. G., Pisegna, M. A., McGrail, D. J., Poteete, A., Cho, S.-N., et al. (2025) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2025.06.011 · Cited by 27
Bioinformatic approaches to augment study of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer
Beck, T. N., Chikwem, A. J., Solanki-Patel, N., & Golemis, E. A. (2014) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00062.2014 · Cited by 26
Elvin, J. A., Chura, J. C., Gay, L. M., & Markman, M. M. (2017) · Gynecologic Oncology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.gore.2017.02.007 · Cited by 26
Williams, E. A., Montesion, M., Alexander, B. M., Ramkissoon, S. H., Elvin, J. A., Ross, J. S., Williams, K. J., Glomski, K., Bledsoe, J. R., Tse, J. Y., et al. (2020) · Modern Pathology · doi:10.1038/s41379-020-00672-y · Cited by 26
“Adaptor ligation hybrid capture, utilizing the Foundation One T7 baitset [19], was performed on the specimens.”
MethodLin, D. I., Killian, J. K., Venstrom, J. M., Ramkissoon, S. H., Ross, J. S., & Elvin, J. A. (2020) · Modern Pathology · doi:10.1038/s41379-020-00699-1 · Cited by 27
Chalmers, Z. R., Burns, M. C., Ebot, E. M., Frampton, G. M., Ross, J. S., Hussain, M., & Abdulkadir, S. A. (2021) · Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases · doi:10.1038/s41391-020-00314-z · Cited by 26
Boyle, T. A., Mondal, A. K., Saeed‐Vafa, D., Ananth, S., Ahluwalia, P. K., Kothapalli, R., Chaubey, A., Roberts, E. L., Qin, D., Magliocco, A. M., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.503830 · Cited by 26
Ak, M., Kahraman, A., Arnold, F. M., Turko, P., Levesque, M. P., Zoche, M., Ramelyte, E., & Dummer, R. (2021) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes12070974 · Cited by 26
“Furthermore, we intend to improve the understanding of pathogenesis and seek to identify the molecular profile of AFX and PDS through next-generation sequencing (NGS) with the FoundationOne-CDxTM (F1CDx) platform [19].”
MethodHillman, R. T., Lin, D. I., Lawson, B. C., & Gershenson, D. M. (2021) · Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.06.024 · Cited by 27
High resolution copy number inference in cancer using short-molecule nanopore sequencing
Baslan, T., Kovaka, S., Sedlazeck, F. J., Zhang, Y., Wappel, R. L., Tian, S., Lowe, S. W., Goodwin, S., & Schatz, M. C. (2021) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkab812 · Cited by 29
“These efforts have culminated in the successful implementation of shortread sequencing in the clinic (14,15).”
BackgroundLoehr, A., Patnaik, A., Campbell, D. C., Shapiro, J. D., Bryce, A. H., McDermott, R., Sautois, B. R., Vogelzang, N. J., Bambury, R. M., Voog, É., et al. (2021) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2199 · Cited by 26
“Central assays The central tissue assay was the FoundationOne laboratory developed test (F1 LDT) for NGS of 395 cancer-related genes (including BRCA) from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (33).”
MethodFusco, M. J., Knepper, T. C., Balliu, J., Cueto, A. D., Laborde, J., Hooda, S. M., Brohl, A. S., Bui, M. M., & Hicks, J. K. (2022) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1093/oncolo/oyab014 · Cited by 26
Targeting ALK in Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung
Akhoundova, D., Haberecker, M., Fritsch, R., Höller, S., Kießling, M. K., Rechsteiner, M., Rüschoff, J. H., & Fontecedro, A. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.911294 · Cited by 26
“The methods of F1CDx have been previously described (27).”
MethodSiegmund, S., Manning, D. K., Davineni, P. K., & Dong, F. (2022) · Modern Pathology · doi:10.1038/s41379-022-01083-x · Cited by 26
Graf, R. P., Fisher, V. A., Huang, R. S. P., Hamdani, O., Gjoerup, O. V., Stanke, J. J., Creeden, J., Levy, M. A., Oxnard, G. R., & Gupta, S. (2022) · JCO Precision Oncology · doi:10.1200/po.22.00121 · Cited by 27
Comparison of PIK3CA Mutation Prevalence in Breast Cancer Across Predicted Ancestry Populations
Chen, J. W., Murugesan, K., Newberg, J. Y., Sokol, E. S., Savage, H. M., Stout, T. J., Maund, S. L., & Hutchinson, K. E. (2022) · JCO Precision Oncology · doi:10.1200/po.22.00341 · Cited by 26
“CGP was performed on hybrid-capture, adapter ligation–based libraries, to identify genomic alterations for ≥ 324 genes, as previously described.(22,23) Sites of care included academic and community settings.”
MethodA Novel HRD Signature Is Predictive of FOLFIRINOX Benefit in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
Chen, K., Madison, R. W., Moore, J. A., Jin, D. X., Fleischmann, Z., Newberg, J. Y., Schrock, A. B., Bhardwaj, N., Lofgren, K. T., He, J., et al. (2023) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1093/oncolo/oyad178 · Cited by 26
Integrative omics analyses broaden treatment targets in human cancer
Sengupta, S., Sun, S. Q., Huang, K., Oh, C., Bailey, M. H., Varghese, R., Wyczalkowski, M. A., Ning, J., Tripathi, P., McMichael, J. F., et al. (2018) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-018-0564-z · Cited by 28
“practice [20, 21], these efforts primarily use gene/drug interactions rather than mutation/drug interactions to infer druggability [12, 15, 17, 22].”
BackgroundResultA robust targeted sequencing approach for low input and variable quality DNA from clinical samples
So, A. P., Vilborg, A., Bouhlal, Y., Koehler, R. T., Grimes, S. M., Pouliot, Y., Mendoza, D., Ziegle, J. S., Stein, J. B., Goodsaid, F. M., et al. (2018) · npj Genomic Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41525-017-0041-4 · Cited by 26
“Clinical applications include (1) identifying germline variants, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and structural variants (SV) related to hereditary disorders, and (2) identifying somatic mutations and other genetic aberrations in cancer that may have implications for treatment and prognosis.(2) Cancer s…”
BackgroundLoss of the PTCH1 tumor suppressor defines a new subset of plexiform fibromyxoma
Banerjee, S., Corless, C. L., Miettinen, M., Noh, S., Ustoy, R., Davis, J. L., Tang, C.-M., Yebra, M., Burgoyne, A. M., & Sicklick, J. K. (2019) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-019-1995-z · Cited by 26
The Pan-Cancer Landscape of Coamplification of the Tyrosine Kinases KIT, KDR, and PDGFRA
Dişel, U., Madison, R. W., Abhishek, K., Chung, J., Trabucco, S. E., Matos, A. O., Frampton, G. M., Albacker, L. A., Reddy, V. P., Karadurmuş, N., et al. (2019) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0528 · Cited by 27
“The discrepancy may be due to the lower depth of coverage (100× or less) of the whole exome and whole genome sequencing platform, which makes detection of amplifications difficult [10].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSingh, H., Kang, A., Bloudek, L. M., Hsu, L., Palanca-Wessels, M. C., Stecher, M., Siadak, M. F., & Ng, K. (2023) · JNCI Cancer Spectrum · doi:10.1093/jncics/pkad082 · Cited by 27
“Recently, tissue-based next-generation sequencing has been increasingly adopted in clinical practice and can also identify HER2 amplifications (27-29).”
BackgroundGenomic landscape of malignant phyllodes tumors reveals multiple targetable opportunities
Rosenberger, L. H., Riedel, R. F., Diego, E. J. B., Nash, A. L., Grilley‐Olson, J. E., Danziger, N. A., Sokol, E. S., Ross, J. S., & Sammons, S. L. (2024) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1093/oncolo/oyae218 · Cited by 25
The Case for Laboratory Developed Procedures
Kaul, K. L., Sabatini, L. M., Tsongalis, G. J., Caliendo, A. M., Olsen, R. J., Ashwood, E. R., Bale, S. J., Benirschke, R. C., Carlow, D. C., Funke, B., et al. (2017) · Academic Pathology · doi:10.1177/2374289517708309 · Cited by 27
“73, [85] [86] [87] Most NGS testing for therapeutic selection in cancer consists of panels of genes that range from 10 to 400 or more genes.”
BackgroundReitsma, M., Fox, J., Borre, P. V., Cavanaugh, M., Chudnovsky, Y., Erlich, R., Gribbin, T. E., & Anhorn, R. (2019) · Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy · doi:10.18553/jmcp.2019.18309 · Cited by 25
Alahmadi, A. A., Ardeshir‐Larijani, F., Fu, P., Cao, S., Lipka, M. B., Dowlati, A., & Bruno, D. S. (2020) · Clinical Lung Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.cllc.2020.08.004 · Cited by 26
Adderley, H., Rack, S., Hapuarachi, B. S., Feeney, L., Morgan, D. J., Hussell, T., Wallace, A. J., Betts, G. N. J., Hodgson, C., Harrington, K. J., et al. (2020) · Oral Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105095 · Cited by 25
Milestones of Precision Medicine: An Innovative, Multidisciplinary Overview
García‐Foncillas, J., Argente, J., Bujanda, L., Cardona, V., Casanova, B., Montés, A. F., Horcajadas, J. A., Íñiguez, A., Ortíz, A., Pablos, J. L., et al. (2021) · Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40291-021-00544-4 · Cited by 27
Gerratana, L., Movarek, M., Wehbe, F., Katam, N., Mahalingam, D., Donahue, J., Shah, A. N., Chae, Y. K., Mulcahy, M. F., Tsarwhas, D., et al. (2022) · JCO Precision Oncology · doi:10.1200/po.21.00289 · Cited by 25
Quantifying the Value of Multigene Testing in Resected Early Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma
Muthusamy, B., Raskina, K., Lofgren, K. T., Li, G., Tolba, K. A., Schwed, K., Castellanos, E. H., Huang, R. S. P., Oxnard, G. R., Schrock, A. B., et al. (2022) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2022.11.027 · Cited by 25
“DNA was extracted from 40 microns of FFPE sections, and CGP was performed on hybridization-captured, adaptor ligation based libraries to a mean coverage depth of >550X for 315 or 324 cancer-related genes plus selected introns from genes frequently rearranged in cancer, as previously described.(16) Tumor mutational bur…”
MethodMoore, J. A., Chen, K., Madison, R. W., Newberg, J. Y., Fleischmann, Z., Wang, S., Sharaf, R., Murugesan, K., Fendler, B. J., Hughes, J. D., et al. (2023) · JCO Precision Oncology · doi:10.1200/po.23.00093 · Cited by 31
Pecci, F., Nakazawa, S., Ricciuti, B., Harada, G., Lee, J., Alessi, J. V., Barrichello, A. P. D. C., Vaz, V. R., Lamberti, G., Federico, A. D., et al. (2024) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-1217 · Cited by 26
Dyson, K. A., Rivera-Zengotita, M. L., Kresak, J. L., Weaver, K., Stover, B. D., Fort, J. A., Rahman, M., Pincus, D. W., & Sayour, E. J. (2016) · Histopathology · doi:10.1111/his.12983 · Cited by 25
“Briefly, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue was submitted, and a panel of 315 cancer-realated genes and introns from 28 selected genes (frequently altered in cancer) were sequenced to identify four types of mutation: substitutions, insertions/deletions, copy number variations, and rearrangements; a previous versi…”
Method435 Candidate biomarkers of PARP inhibitor sensitivity in ovarian cancer beyond the BRCA genes
Hodgson, D., Dougherty, B. A., Lai, Z., Grinsted, L. M., Spencer, S., O’Connor, M. J., Ho, T. W., Robertson, J. D., Lanchbury, J. S. S., Timms, K., et al. (2015) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30269-6 · Cited by 25
Comprehensive genomic sequencing and the molecular profiles of clinically advanced breast cancer
Ross, J. S., & Gay, L. M. (2016) · Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.pathol.2016.11.005 · Cited by 25
Liang, X., Guo, C., Zhang, K., Jiang, H., Pang, F., Dou, Y., Liu, X., Lin, H., Dong, X., Zhao, S., et al. (2019) · HepatoBiliary Surgery and Nutrition · doi:10.21037/hbsn.2019.08.05 · Cited by 25
“Analysis of genomic DNA from tumor tissue and matched blood control were performed according to previous reports (20-22).”
MethodStahler, A., Stintzing, S., von Einem, J. C., Westphalen, C. B., Heinrich, K., Krämer, N., Michl, M., Modest, D. P., von Weikersthal, L. F., Decker, T. W., et al. (2020) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2020.07.003 · Cited by 25
Yamaguchi, T., Tsuchihashi, K., Ueno, S., Uehara, K., Taguchi, R., Ito, M., Isobe, T., Imajima, T., Kitazono, T., Tanoue, K., et al. (2025) · ESMO Open · doi:10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.104108 · Cited by 25
de Abreu, A. R., Wyninckx, A., Vandamme, T., de Beeck, K. O., Camp, G. V., Peeters, M., Laurent‐Puig, P., Taı̈eb, J., Taly, V., & Benhaïm, L. (2025) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1093/oncolo/oyaf204 · Cited by 29
Rangachari, D., VanderLaan, P. A., Le, X., Folch, E. E., Kent, M. S., Gangadharan, S. P., Majid, A., Haspel, R. L., Joseph, L. J., Huberman, M. S., et al. (2015) · Cancer Treatment Communications · doi:10.1016/j.ctrc.2015.10.004 · Cited by 25
“The third NGS assay (FoundationOne, Foundation Medicine; Cambridge, MA) interrogates 315 genes as well as introns of 28 genes involved in rearrangements using massively parallel DNA sequencing to characterize base substitutions, short indels, copy number alterations, and selected fusions (14); this assay was used in 2…”
BackgroundMethodWang, Y., Liu, H., Hou, Y., Zhou, X., Liang, L., Zhang, Z., Shi, H., Xu, S., Hu, P., Zheng, Z., et al. (2018) · Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medicin · doi:10.1007/s00428-018-2359-4 · Cited by 24
ROS1-GOPC/FIG: a novel gene fusion in hepatic angiosarcoma
Marks, E. I., Pamarthy, S., Dizon, D. S., Birnbaum, A., Yakirevich, E., Safran, H. P., & Carneiro, B. A. (2019) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.26521 · Cited by 25
“CGP of the liver biopsy specimen was performed in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-certified pathology laboratory (Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA), as previously described [11, 12].”
MethodOptimized EGFR Blockade Strategies in EGFR Addicted Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinomas
Corso, S., Pietrantonio, F., Apicella, M., Migliore, C., Conticelli, D., Petrelli, A., D’Errico, L., Durando, S., Moya‐Rull, D., Bellomo, S. E., et al. (2021) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0121 · Cited by 24
“Sequencing of captured libraries was performed to a mean exon coverage depth of >500 , and resultant sequences were analyzed for genomic alterations, including mutations (base substitutions, insertions, and deletions), copy-number alterations (focal amplifications and homozygous deletions), and select gene fusions or…”
BackgroundGandara, D. R., Reck, M., Moro‐Sibilot, D., Mazières, J., Gadgeel, S. M., Morris, S., Cardona, A. F., Mendus, D., Ballinger, M. D., Rittmeyer, A., et al. (2021) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2020-001882 · Cited by 24
Huang, R. S. P., Murugesan, K., Montesion, M., Pavlick, D. C., Mata, D. A., Hiemenz, M., Decker, B. J., Frampton, G. M., Albacker, L. A., & Ross, J. S. (2021) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2021-002680 · Cited by 24
“10 More recently, in the SAFIR02-IMMUNO Randomized Phase II Trial, exploratory analysis has shown that CD274 amplification (defined as CN ≥ 5) and CN gains (CN 3–4) were predictors of durvalumab response in metastatic breast cancer.”
Tomlins, S. A., Hovelson, D. H., Harms, P. W., Drewery, S., Falkner, J. A., Fischer, A. K., Hipp, J., Kwiatkowski, K., de la Vega, L. L., Mitchell, K., et al. (2021) · Journal of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.08.005 · Cited by 24
Automated next-generation profiling of genomic alterations in human cancers
Keefer, L. A., White, J. R., Wood, D. E., Gerding, K., Valkenburg, K. C., Riley, D. R. J., Gault, C. R., Papp, E., Vollmer, C. M., Greer, A. E., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30380-x · Cited by 24
Shirota, H., Komine, K., Takahashi, M., Takahashi, S. I., Miyauchi, E., Niizuma, H., Tada, H., Shimada, M., Niihori, T., Aoki, Y., et al. (2022) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.5349 · Cited by 24
“3 TMB- H (5), ERBB2 amp (9), KRAS G12C (6), BRAF V600E (4), MSI- H (2), FGFR2 fusion (2), FGFR3 fusion (1), MET (2), BRCA1 (1), BRCA2 (1)”
InfluentialClinical and technical insights of tumour mutational burden in non-small cell lung cancer
Meri-Abad, M., Moreno‐Manuel, A., Gallach, S., Fariñas, S. C., Sirera, R., Herrero, C. C., & Lewintre, E. J. (2022) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103891 · Cited by 25
Morse, C. B., Elvin, J. A., Gay, L. M., & Liao, J. B. (2017) · Gynecologic Oncology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.gore.2017.06.013 · Cited by 24
Jabbour, T. E., Ross, J. S., Sheehan, C. E., Affolter, K. E., Geiersbach, K. B., Boguniewicz, A. B., Ainechi, S., Bronner, M. P., Jones, D., & Lee, H. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204525 · Cited by 24
Role of Ancillary Techniques in Fluid Cytology
Yu, G. H., Glaser, L. J., & Gustafson, K. S. (2019) · Acta Cytologica · doi:10.1159/000496568 · Cited by 25
Farago, A. F., & Demetri, G. D. (2020) · Future Oncology · doi:10.2217/fon-2019-0647 · Cited by 24
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: can genomics improve treatment options for a curable cancer?Preprint
Amin, A. D., Peters, T. L., Li, L., Rajan, S. S., Choudhari, R., Puvvada, S. D., & Schatz, J. H. (2017) · Molecular Case Studies · doi:10.1101/mcs.a001719 · Cited by 27
“The use of NGS routinely in the clinic is appealing because of the sheer amount of information one can garner for each patient to direct the most targeted and relevant therapies, with companies, such as Foundation Medicine, making real-time targeted exome sequencing a reality (Wagle et al. 2012; Frampton et al. 2013;…”
BackgroundParachoniak, C. A., Rankin, A., Gaffney, B., Hartmaier, R. J., Spritz, D., Erlich, R., Miller, V. A., Morosini, D., Stephens, P. J., Ross, J. S., et al. (2017) · Molecular Case Studies · doi:10.1101/mcs.a000778 · Cited by 24
“(MAF) and indels with a ≥10% MAF with ≥99% accuracy (Frampton et al. 2013).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialClinical Response to Sorafenib in a Patient with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and FLT3 Amplification
Moreira, R. B., Peixoto, R. D., & Cruz, M. R. (2015) · Case Reports in Oncology · doi:10.1159/000375483 · Cited by 23
Assam, J. H., Powell, S. F., & Spanos, W. C. (2016) · Clinical skin cancer · doi:10.1016/j.clsc.2016.11.001 · Cited by 23
Patient-derived xenografts: A platform for accelerating translational research in prostate cancer
Davies, A., Wang, Y. Z., & Zoubeidi, A. (2017) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.013 · Cited by 23
Malgerud, L., Lindberg, J., Wirta, V., Gustafsson‐Liljefors, M., Karimi, M., Moro, C. F., Stecker, K., Picker, A., Huelsewig, C., Stein, M., et al. (2017) · Molecular Oncology · doi:10.1002/1878-0261.12108 · Cited by 24
“The quality and quantity of the DNA extracted from FFPE was sufficient to run NGS with good coverage and sufficient reads.”
BackgroundInfluentialDiagnostic Targeted Sequencing Panel for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Genomic Screening.
Paradiso, V., Garofoli, A., Tosti, N., Lanzafame, M., Perrina, V., Quagliata, L., Matter, M., Wieland, S., Heim, M., Piscuoglio, S., et al. (2018) · Journal of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1016/j.jmoldx.2018.07.003 · Cited by 13
Choi, I. S., Kato, S., Fanta, P. T., Leichman, L., Okamura, R., Raymond, V. M., Lanman, R. B., Lippman, S. M., & Kurzrock, R. (2019) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0965 · Cited by 23
“com), which is a clinical-grade NGS test (315 genes) (27).”
BackgroundSoe, M. H., Chiang, J. M., Flavell, R. R., Khanafshar, E., Mendoza, L., Kang, H., & Liu, C. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac305 · Cited by 23
Bishop, J. A., Williams, E. A., McLean, A. C., Gagan, J., Rooper, L. M., Jordan, R. C., & LeBoit, P. E. (2022) · Journal of Cutaneous Pathology · doi:10.1111/cup.14271 · Cited by 23
“) including exons from 287 (version one) to 315 (version two) cancer-related genes plus select introns from 19 (version one) to 28 (version two) genes frequently rearranged in cancer, by methods previously described.(12)”
MethodHill, B. L., Graf, R. P., Shah, K., Danziger, N. A., Lin, D. I., Quintanilha, J. C. F., Li, G., Haberberger, J., Ross, J. S., Santin, A. D., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Gynecological Cancer · doi:10.1136/ijgc-2022-004026 · Cited by 23
Hutchinson, K. E., Chen, J. W., Savage, H. M., Stout, T. J., Schimmöller, F., Cortés, J., Dent, S. F., Harbeck, N., Jacot, W., Krop, I. E., et al. (2023) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-023-01181-8 · Cited by 23
“To validate our findings, we similarly interrogated a large genomic database of patient breast cancer tumors that underwent comprehensive genomic profiling [17, 18].”
MethodAn Overview of PARP Resistance in Ovarian Cancer from a Molecular and Clinical Perspective
Cordani, N., Bianchi, T., Ammoni, L. C., Cortinovis, D. L., Cazzaniga, M. E., Lissoni, A. A., Landoni, F., & Canova, S. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241511890 · Cited by 24
Wang, D., Elenbaas, B., Murugesan, K., Shah, K., Montesion, M., Gounaris, I., Scheuenpflug, J., Locatelli, G., & Feng, Z. (2023) · npj Precision Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41698-023-00442-4 · Cited by 23
Westphalen, C. B., Federer‐Gsponer, J. R., Pauli, C., Karapetyan, A. R., Chalabi, N., Durán-Pacheco, G., Beringer, A., Bochtler, T., Cook, N., Höglander, E., et al. (2023) · ESMO Open · doi:10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.102035 · Cited by 23
Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying the Pathogenesis of Neurogenetic Diseases
Qureshi, I., & Mehler, M. F. (2014) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-014-0302-1 · Cited by 23
“In fact, this era of molecular genetic diagnosis and targeted therapy has already arrived for other important classes of diseases, such as cancer [3,4], though many very important challenges remain.”
BackgroundZhao, Y., Liu, L., Zhou, T., Zhou, N.-N., Yang, Y.-P., Hou, X., Li, Y., Zhao, H.-Y., Huang, Y., & Zhang, L. (2016) · OncoTargets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ott.s117097 · Cited by 23
Lai, A. Z., Schrock, A. B., Erlich, R., Ross, J. S., Miller, V. A., Yakirevich, E., Ali, S. M., & Braiteh, F. (2017) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0376 · Cited by 23
“The CLIA-validated tissue-based CGP assay (FoundationOne) was performed on DNA extracted from an FFPE sample as described previously [22].”
MethodEl‐Deiry, W. S., Taylor, B. S., & Neal, J. W. (2017) · American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book · doi:10.1200/edbk_175524 · Cited by 28
Dehghani, M., Rosenblatt, K. P., Li, L., Rakhade, M., & Amato, R. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2019.00082 · Cited by 24
“Amplification-based and hybrid capture-based chemistries for targeted resequencing of tens to hundreds of cancer-related genes, as well as whole exome, genome, and transcriptome sequencing, can be used to study molecular profiles of cancer patients (Beadling et al., 2013; Frampton et al., 2013; Hadd et al., 2013; Sing…”
Falco, V. D., Poliero, L., Vitiello, P. P., Ciardiello, D., Vitale, P., Zanaletti, N., Giunta, E. F., Terminiello, M., Caputo, V., Carlino, F., et al. (2020) · ESMO Open · doi:10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000675 · Cited by 23
Marx, V. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/520389a · Cited by 22
Getta, B. M., Roshal, M., Zheng, J., Park, J. H., Stein, E. M., Levine, R. L., Papadopoulos, E. B., Jakubowski, A. A., Kernan, N. A., Steinherz, P. G., et al. (2017) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.06.026 · Cited by 22
“The ALL-associated translocation t(12;21)(p13;q22) was identified in 2 cases.”
BackgroundKlempner, S. J., Hendifar, A. E., Waters, K. M., Nissen, N. N., Vail, E., Tuli, R., & Mita, A. C. (2020) · JCO Precision Oncology · doi:10.1200/po.20.00034 · Cited by 20
Huang, R. S. P., Li, X., Haberberger, J., Sokol, E. S., Severson, E. A., Duncan, D. L., Hemmerich, A. C., Edgerly, C. I., Williams, E. A., Elvin, J. A., et al. (2020) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0449 · Cited by 22
“Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of Breast Carcinoma Samples CGP was performed using the FDA-approved FoundationOne CDx assay in a CLIA-certified and CAP-accredited laboratory (Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA) using previously described methods [12].”
MethodPersonalized cancer therapy prioritization based on driver alteration co-occurrence patterns
Mateo, L., Duran‐Frigola, M., Gris‐Oliver, A., Palafox, M., Scaltriti, M., Razavi, P., Chandarlapaty, S., Arribas, J., Bellet, M., Serra, V., et al. (2020) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-020-00774-x · Cited by 22
“In order to increase the clinical translatability, we subsampled both datasets to consider those oncogenic alterations covered by MSK-IMPACT [34] or by Foundation Medicine [35] targeted gene panels to obtain DCO networks and TCT4U models that could be directly used with those kind of molecular profiles, which are beco…”
Spangle, J. M., Von, T., Pavlick, D. C., Khotimsky, A., Zhao, J. J., & Roberts, T. M. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2000060117 · Cited by 22
Kamp, E. J. C. A., Dinjens, W. N. M., Doukas, M., Bruno, M. J., de Jonge, P. J. F., Peppelenbosch, M. P., & de Vries, A. C. (2021) · Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1177/17562848211002023 · Cited by 24
Metadata
- Authors
- Frampton, G. M., Fichtenholtz, A., Otto, G. A., Wang, K., Downing, S. R., He, J., Schnall-Levin, M., White, J., Sanford, E. M., An, P., Sun, J., Juhn, F., Brennan, K., Iwanik, K., Maillet, A., Buell, J., White, E., Zhao, M., Balasubramanian, S., Terzic, S., Richards, T., Banning, V., Garcia, L., Mahoney, K., Zwirko, Z., Donahue, A., Beltran, H., Mosquera, J. M., Rubin, M. A., Dogan, S., Hedvat, C. V., Berger, M. F., Pusztai, L., Lechner, M., Boshoff, C., Jarosz, M., Vietz, C., Parker, A., Miller, V. A., Ross, J. S., Curran, J., Cronin, M. T., Stephens, P. J., Lipson, D., & Yelensky, R.
- Affiliations
- Foundation Medicine (United States) (US)
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (US)
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- Yale Cancer Center (US)
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lipson, Doron
- Yelensky, Roman
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Biotechnology
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1023-1031
- ISSN
- 0733-222X (ISSN-L)
- 1087-0156
- 1546-1696
- PMC
- PMC5710001
- OpenAlex
- W2160981405
- Cited by
- 2,157
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 91 · 2025: 122 · 2024: 139 · 2023: 215 · 2022: 208 · 2021: 188 · 2020: 213 · 2019: 185 · 2018: 195 · 2017: 180 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 159 · 2014: 76 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 49.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (WT093855MA)
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA008748)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomics and Rare Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › BRCA gene mutations in cancer
- Keywords
- tumor genomic profiling, analytical method validation, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue, copy number alterations, indels, gene fusion, actionable mutations, mutant allele frequency, sensitivity and specificity, precision oncology
- MeSH terms
- DNA Mutational Analysis, Gene Frequency, Humans, Neoplasms, Sensitivity and Specificity, Reproducibility of Results, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, DNA Copy Number Variations
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