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Development and validation of a clinical cancer genomic profiling test based on massively parallel DNA sequencing
Open accessAbstract
As more clinically relevant cancer genes are identified, comprehensive diagnostic approaches are needed to match patients to therapies, raising the challenge of optimization and analytical validation of assays that interrogate millions of bases of cancer genomes altered by multiple mechanisms. Here we describe a test based on massively parallel DNA sequencing to characterize base substitutions, short insertions and deletions (indels), copy number alterations and selected fusions across 287 cancer-related genes from routine formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) clinical specimens. We implemented a practical validation strategy with reference samples of pooled cell lines that model key determinants of accuracy, including mutant allele frequency, indel length and amplitude of copy change. Test sensitivity achieved was 95-99% across alteration types, with high specificity (positive predictive value >99%). We confirmed accuracy using 249 FFPE cancer specimens characterized by established assays. Application of the test to 2,221 clinical cases revealed clinically actionable alterations in 76% of tumors, three times the number of actionable alterations detected by current diagnostic tests.
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“Targeted multiplexed hotspot panels (e.g., Agena Oncocarta [Agena Bioscience, San Diego, CA], 47 SNaPshot [Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA], 48 and next-generation sequencing [NGS] panels 49,50 ) have already been developed and are available in College of American Pathologists (CAP)-accredited academic and commercial laboratories.”
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“Both platforms cover protein-coding exons of cancerassociated genes, as previously described (12-14), and detect somatic single-nucleotide variants, insertions, deletions, copy-number alterations, and certain gene fusions and structural variants.”
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“Due to these difficulties, a validated hybrid capture-based NGS platform was developed and is being used with several pragmatic advantages [47,48].”
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Diagnostics based on nucleic acid sequence variant profiling: PCR, hybridization, and NGS approaches
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High-throughput proteomics and AI for cancer biomarker discovery
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Use of Liquid Biopsies in Clinical Oncology: Pilot Experience in 168 Patients
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“7 sensitivity achieved was 95-99% across alteration types, with high specificity (positive predictive value >99%)(25).”
BackgroundLheureux, S., Lai, Z., Dougherty, B. A., Runswick, S. K., Hodgson, D., Timms, K. M., Lanchbury, J. S. S., Kaye, S. B., Gourley, C., Bowtell, D. D. L., et al. (2017) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2615 · Cited by 151
“Mutational profile determined by the FoundationMedicine T5 panel (entire coding sequence of 287 cancer-related genes plus select introns from 27 genes) and other genetic alterations (deletions and functional rearrangements) were assessed on archival tumor tissue (18).”
MethodTreatment with Next-Generation ALK Inhibitors Fuels Plasma ALK Mutation Diversity
Dagogo‐Jack, I., Rooney, M. M., Lin, J. J., Nagy, R. J., Yeap, B. Y., Hubbeling, H., Chin, E. N., Ackil, J., Farago, A. F., Hata, A. N., et al. (2019) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1436 · Cited by 151
Clinicopathologic Characteristics of BRG1-Deficient NSCLC
Dagogo‐Jack, I., Schrock, A. B., Kem, M., Jessop, N. A., Lee, J., Ali, S. M., Ross, J. S., Lennerz, J. K., Shaw, A. T., & Mino-Kenudson, M. A. (2020) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2020.01.002 · Cited by 152
“Genetic alterations were identified using the SNaPshot NGS or Foundation One assays, both of which have been previously described.(20,21) SNaPshot detects single nucleotide variants and insertions or deletions (but not rearrangements or copy number loss) in select exons of approximately 100 cancer-related genes, inclu…”
MethodOu, S.-H. I., Agarwal, N., & Ali, S. M. (2016) · Lung Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.05.015 · Cited by 149
Sivakumar, S., Moore, J. A., Montesion, M., Sharaf, R., Lin, D. I., Colón, C. I., Fleischmann, Z., Ebot, E. M., Newberg, J. Y., Mills, J. M., et al. (2023) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0620 · Cited by 154
Kadri, S., Long, B. C., Mujacic, I., Zhen, C. J., Wurst, M. N., Sharma, S., McDonald, N. A., Niu, N., Benhamed, S., Tuteja, J. H., et al. (2016) · Journal of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1016/j.jmoldx.2016.07.012 · Cited by 148
“Common approaches include the use of oncology patient samples previously tested in CLIA laboratories via smaller, highly targeted assays (eg, Sanger sequencing and SNAPSHOT) or the use of wellcharacterized cell lines previously sequenced at one or many research institutions.(1,2) The first option controls for sample t…”
Bortolomeazzi, M., Keddar, M. R., Montorsi, L., Acha‐Sagredo, A., Benedetti, L. G., Temelkovski, D., Choi, S., Petrov, N., Todd, K., Wai, P. T., et al. (2021) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.06.064 · Cited by 155
“Average CD3þ cell density cohort, TMB was calculated as the average between the 2 d from the FM1 test.(40) Pearson correlation coefficient R and en DB- and nDB-CRCs of the discovery cohort and (G) in Table 1) and published studies.”
MethodSchwaederle, M. C., Patel, S. P., Husain, H., Ikeda, M., Lanman, R. B., Banks, K. C., Talasaz, A. H., Bazhenova, L. A., & Kurzrock, R. (2017) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2497 · Cited by 146
“We also examined the concordance rate of EGFR alterations for patients who had both ctDNA and multigene panel NGS tissue testing (21).”
Msaouel, P., Malouf, G. G., Su, X., Yao, H., Tripathi, D. N., Soeung, M., Gao, J., Rao, P., Coarfa, C., Creighton, C. J., et al. (2019) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2020.04.002 · Cited by 148
“A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Mouse monoclonal anti-IdU / anti-BrdU clone B44 BD Biosciences Cat# B44; RRID: AB_2313824 Rat monoclonoal anti-CldU / anti-BrdU (BU1/75 ICR1) Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc-56258, RRID: AB_781696 Goa…”
MethodInfluentialEGFR Fusions as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Lung Cancer
Konduri, K., Gallant, J.-N., Chae, Y. K., Giles, F. J., Gitlitz, B. J., Gowen, K., Ichihara, E., Owonikoko, T. K., Peddareddigari, V., Ramalingam, S. S., et al. (2016) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0075 · Cited by 144
Self-citationCatenacci, D. V. T. (2014) · Molecular Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.molonc.2014.09.011 · Cited by 143
Chen, H., Luthra, R., Goswami, R. S., Singh, R. R., & Roy‐Chowdhuri, S. (2015) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers7030859 · Cited by 142
“The two main types of NGS platforms used in molecular oncology clinical laboratories, the Ion Torrent PGM (Thermo Scientific) and MiSeq (Illumina) use multiplex PCR-based and/or hybridization capture–based target enrichment technology to generate the DNA library [1,2,8] (Table 1).”
MethodSchrock, A. B., Zhu, V. W., Hsieh, W.-S., Madison, R. W., Creelan, B., Silberberg, J., Costin, D., Bharne, A., Bonta, I. R., Bosemani, T., et al. (2018) · Journal of Thoracic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2018.05.027 · Cited by 146
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[Retracted] A Comprehensive Review of Performance of Next‐Generation Sequencing Platforms
Pervez, M. T., Hasnain, M. J. U., Abbas, S. H., Moustafa, M., Aslam, N., & Shah, S. S. M. (2022) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2022/3457806 · Cited by 164
RetractedAssessing Copy Number Alterations in Targeted, Amplicon-Based Next-Generation Sequencing Data
Grasso, C. S., Butler, T. M., Rhodes, K., Quist, M. J., Neff, T. L., Moore, S., Tomlins, S. A., Reinig, E. F., Beadling, C., Andersen, M., et al. (2014) · Journal of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1016/j.jmoldx.2014.09.008 · Cited by 138
“Algorithms for assessing CNAs have been developed for NGS protocols that are based on hybridization-capture, whether in the setting of whole-exome sequencing(12) or targeted sequencing.(1,3,5,8) In contrast, little work has been done on CNA assessment in NGS data from amplicon-based libraries.”
BackgroundKrepler, C., Xiao, M., Sproesser, K., Brafford, P. A., Shannan, B., Beqiri, M., Liu, Q., Xu, W., Garman, B., Nathanson, K. L., et al. (2015) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1762 · Cited by 141
“com) for 315 cancer gene exons and 28 cancer gene introns for base pair change, insertions, deletions, copy number changes, and select fusions by nextgeneration sequencing (18).”
BackgroundTreatment of NRAS-mutant melanoma
Johnson, D. B., & Puzanov, I. (2015) · Current Treatment Options in Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11864-015-0330-z · Cited by 139
Topp, M. D., Hartley, L., Cook, M., Heong, V. Y. M., Boehm, E., McShane, L., Pyman, J. M., McNally, O., Ananda, S. S., Harrell, M., et al. (2014) · Molecular Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.molonc.2014.01.008 · Cited by 141
“…Medicine T5a test, a cancer genome profiling test based on massively parallel DNA sequencing that also uses capture based targeted sequencing (Frampton et al., 2013), substantially overlaps the BROCA test and includes many additional genes that are considered actionable in different tumor…”
BackgroundHartmaier, R. J., Albacker, L. A., Chmielecki, J., Bailey, M., He, J., Goldberg, M. E., Ramkissoon, S. H., Suh, J. H., Elvin, J. A., Chiacchia, S., et al. (2017) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2479 · Cited by 139
Precision oncology in the age of integrative genomics
Kumar‐Sinha, C., & Chinnaiyan, A. M. (2018) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.4017 · Cited by 138
Using Genetic Distance to Infer the Accuracy of Genomic Prediction
Scutari, M., Mackay, I., & Balding, D. (2016) · PLOS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006288 · Cited by 137
Ohshima, K., Hatakeyama, K., Nagashima, T., Watanabe, Y., Kanto, K., Doi, Y., Ide, T., Shimoda, Y., TANABE, T., Ohnami, S., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00219-3 · Cited by 138
Practical considerations in screening for genetic alterations in cholangiocarcinoma
Bekaii‐Saab, T., Bridgewater, J. A., & Normanno, N. (2021) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2021.04.012 · Cited by 137
“Hybrid capture-based NGS has 513 been used for comprehensive genomic profiling of large gene panels (>400 genes) in large 514 patient populations, including patients with CCA,(25,27) to screen for genetic alterations that 515 included base substitutions, indels, rearrangements, gene amplifications, MSI, and TMB.(95,11…”
MethodGoswami, R. S., Luthra, R., Singh, R. R., Patel, K. P., Routbort, M. J., Aldape, K., Yao, H., Dang, H., Barkoh, B. A., Manekia, J., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1093/ajcp/aqv023 · Cited by 135
“impact on patient treatment.(4-15) A number of reviews and guidelines have addressed the use of NGS in clinical diagnostic laboratory settings, but most of these studies have focused on using NGS to assess constitutional genetic disorders; there has been less emphasis on molecular oncology,(16-20) and no studies have…”
BackgroundIntratumoral Heterogeneity of ALK-Rearranged and ALK/EGFR Coaltered Lung Adenocarcinoma
Cai, W., Lin, D., Wu, C., Li, X., Zhao, C., Zheng, L.-M., Chuai, S., Fei, K., Zhou, C., & Hirsch, F. R. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2014.58.8293 · Cited by 134
Enrichment of Targetable Mutations in the Relapsed Neuroblastoma Genome
Padovan-Merhar, O. M., Raman, P., Ostrovnaya, I., Kalletla, K., Rubnitz, K. R., Sanford, E. M., Ali, S. M., Miller, V. A., Mossé, Y. P., Granger, M. P., et al. (2016) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006501 · Cited by 135
Ennishi, D., Mottok, A., Ben‐Neriah, S., Shulha, H. P., Farinha, P., Chan, F. C., Meissner, B., Boyle, M., Hother, C., Kridel, R., et al. (2017) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2016-11-747022 · Cited by 133
“Recently, next-generation sequencing-based assays to assess CNAs in FFPET havebeenused to explore the clinical utility and effect onmanagement of solid cancers, as well as hematologic malignancies.(47,48) Future studies are therefore needed to develop the optimal assay for CN detection, ideally using a platform broadl…”
MethodBreast cancer: The translation of big genomic data to cancer precision medicine
Low, S., Zembutsu, H., & Nakamura, Y. (2017) · Cancer Science · doi:10.1111/cas.13463 · Cited by 142
Besse, B., Tostivint, E. P., Park, K., Hartl, S., Forde, P. M., Hochmair, M. J., Awad, M. M., Thomas, M., Goss, G. D., Wheatley‐Price, P., et al. (2024) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-024-02808-y · Cited by 144
“Each sample was sequenced using the Foundation Medicine NGS FoundationOneCDx assay 68 .”
Raghav, K., Loree, J. M., Morris, J. S., Overman, M. J., Yu, R., Meric-Bernstam, F., Menter, D., Korphaisarn, K., Kee, B., Muranyi, A., et al. (2019) · JCO Precision Oncology · doi:10.1200/po.18.00226 · Cited by 132
Hyman, D. M., Diamond, E. L., Vibat, C. R. T., Hassaine, L., Poole, J. C., Patel, M. A., Holley, V. R., Cabrilo, G., Lu, T. T., Arcila, M. E., et al. (2014) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-0742 · Cited by 133
“In addition to prevalent BRAF V600E mutations in these diseases, recurrent RAS mutations have also been recently identified in ECD (14), and therefore a noninvasive method of diagnosing somatic mutations in patients with BRAF wild-type ECD is of potential value.”
BackgroundGoyal, L., Govindan, A., Sheth, R. A., Nardi, V., Blaszkowsky, L. S., Faris, J. E., Clark, J. W., Ryan, D. P., Kwak, E. L., Allen, J. N., et al. (2015) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0210 · Cited by 134
Malouf, G. G., Ali, S. M., Wang, K., Balasubramanian, S., Ross, J. S., Miller, V. A., Stephens, P. J., Khayat, D., Pal, S. K., Su, X., et al. (2016) · European Urology · doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2016.01.051 · Cited by 133
ALKFusions in a Wide Variety of Tumor Types Respond to Anti-ALK Targeted Therapy
Ross, J. S., Ali, S. M., Fasan, O. O., Block, J. G., Pal, S. K., Elvin, J. A., Schrock, A. B., Suh, J. H., Nozad, S., Kim, S., et al. (2017) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0488 · Cited by 134
“All three versions of the CGP assay used in this study detect ALK rearrangements (rALK) through DNA sequencing [30, 31].”
MethodDagogo‐Jack, I., Brannon, A. R., Ferris, L. A., Campbell, C. D., Lin, J. J., Schultz, K. R., Ackil, J., Stevens, S. E., Dardaei, L., Yoda, S., et al. (2018) · JCO Precision Oncology · doi:10.1200/po.17.00160 · Cited by 133
Kato, S., Okamura, R., Baumgartner, J. M., Patel, H., Leichman, L., Kelly, K. J., Sicklick, J. K., Fanta, P. T., Lippman, S. M., & Kurzrock, R. (2018) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1128 · Cited by 129
“All tissue DNA analyses were performed by Foundation Medicine as described previously (21, 22).”
MethodIkeda, S., Goodman, A. M., Cohen, P. R., Jensen, T. J., Ellison, C. K., Frampton, G. M., Miller, V. A., Patel, S. P., & Kurzrock, R. (2016) · npj Genomic Medicine · doi:10.1038/npjgenmed.2016.37 · Cited by 130
Golan, T., Raitses‐Gurevich, M., Kelley, R. K., Bocobo, A. G., Borgida, A., Shroff, R. T., Holter, S., Gallinger, S., Ahn, D. H., Aderka, D., et al. (2017) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0415 · Cited by 130
“Samples collected at Mount Sinai Hospital were analyzed in a clinical Advanced Molecular Diagnostics lab [28]; samples collected at MD Anderson, The Ohio State University Medical Center, and University of California, San Francisco Medical Center were analyzed at Foundation Medicine [29].”
MethodGallant, J., Sheehan, J. H., Shaver, T. M., Bailey, M., Lipson, D., Chandramohan, R., Brewer, M. R., York, S. J., Kris, M. G., Pietenpol, J. A., et al. (2015) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-0654 · Cited by 128
Schmidt, K. T., Chau, C. H., Price, D. K., & Figg, W. D. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/jcph.765 · Cited by 129
RET rearrangements are actionable alterations in breast cancer
Paratala, B., Chung, J., Williams, C. B., Yilmazel, B., Petrosky, W., Williams, K. A., Schrock, A. B., Gay, L. M., Lee, E. C., Dolfi, S. C., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07341-4 · Cited by 124
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Successful Treatment of HIV-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma with Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Galanina, N., Goodman, A. M., Cohen, P. R., Frampton, G. M., & Kurzrock, R. (2018) · Cancer Immunology Research · doi:10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0121 · Cited by 126
“Average sequencing depth of coverage was greater than 250 , with >100 at >99% of exons (16).”
BackgroundMethodRedman, M. W., Papadimitrakopoulou, V. A., Minichiello, K., Hirsch, F. R., Mack, P. C., Schwartz, L. H., Vokes, E. E., Ramalingam, S. S., Leighl, N. B., Bradley, J. D., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30475-7 · Cited by 129
Defining actionable mutations for oncology therapeutic development
Carr, T. H., McEwen, R. K., Dougherty, B. A., Johnson, J. H., Dry, J. R., Lai, Z., Ghazoui, Z. F., Laing, N. M., Hodgson, D., Cruzalegui, F. H., et al. (2016) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.35 · Cited by 128
Giltnane, J. M., Hutchinson, K. E., Stricker, T. P., Formisano, L., Young, C. D., Estrada, M. V., Nixon, M. J., Du, L., Sanchez, V. M., Ericsson, P. I. G., et al. (2017) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aai7993 · Cited by 126
Maron, S. B., Alpert, L., Kwak, H. A., Lomnicki, S., Chase, L. M., Xu, D., O’Day, E., Nagy, R. J., Lanman, R. B., Cecchi, F., et al. (2018) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-1260 · Cited by 128
“Number of patients (%) 8 (6) 132 (94) < 2.”
MethodInfluentialWang, K., Russell, J. S., McDermott, J. D., Elvin, J. A., Khaira, D., Johnson, A., Jennings, T. A., Ali, S. M., Murray, M., Marshall, C. B., et al. (2016) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2568 · Cited by 123
“Captured libraries were sequenced to amedian exon coverage depthof 600 for up to 315 genes, and resultant sequences were analyzed for base substitutions, short insertions/deletions, copy number alterations (focal amplifications and homozygous deletions), and gene fusions/ rearrangements, as described previously (14).”
BackgroundYakirevich, E., Resnick, M. B., Mangray, S., Wheeler, M., Jackson, C. L., Lombardo, K. A., Lee, J., Kim, K., Gill, A. J., Wang, K., et al. (2016) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-3000 · Cited by 124
“Sequence reads were mapped to the reference human genome (hg19) and analyzed for genomic alterations including base substitutions, small insertions and deletions (indels), copy number alterations (amplifications and homozygous deletions), and select gene fusions/rearrangements as previously described (20).”
MethodResultComputational analysis of cancer genome sequencing data
Cortés‐Ciriano, I., Gulhan, D., Lee, J. J.-K., Melloni, G. E. M., & Park, P. J. (2021) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-021-00431-y · Cited by 118
“For FFPE samples, specialized experimental protocols and algorithms must be used for variant detection 118–121 .”
MethodTruncated FGFR2 is a clinically actionable oncogene in multiple cancers
Zingg, D., Bhin, J., Yemelyanenko, J., Kas, S. M., Rolfs, F., Lutz, C., Lee, J., Klarenbeek, S., Silverman, I. M., Annunziato, S., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05066-5 · Cited by 124
Open source machine-learning algorithms for the prediction of optimal cancer drug therapies
Huang, C., Mezencev, R., McDonald, J. F., & Vannberg, F. O. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186906 · Cited by 119
Molecular pathology of lung cancer: current status and perspectives
Oberndorfer, F., & Müllauer, L. (2017) · Current Opinion in Oncology · doi:10.1097/cco.0000000000000429 · Cited by 122
Salivary Secretory Carcinoma With a Novel ETV6-MET Fusion
Rooper, L. M., Karantanos, T., Ning, Y., Bishop, J. A., Gordon, S. W., & Kang, H. (2018) · The American Journal of Surgical Pathology · doi:10.1097/pas.0000000000001065 · Cited by 120
Tuli, R., Shiao, S. L., Nissen, N. N., Tighiouart, M., Kim, S., Osipov, A., Bryant, M., Ristow, L., Placencio-Hickok, V., Hoffman, D., et al. (2019) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.12.060 · Cited by 120
“NGS was available for 26 of 30 patients (87%; Table 5) [13].”
Zhao, T., & Schranz, M. E. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1801757116 · Cited by 120
Pal, S. K., Choueiri, T. K., Wang, K., Khaira, D., Karam, J. A., Allen, E. M. V., Palma, N. A., Stein, M. N., Johnson, A., Squillace, R. M., et al. (2015) · European Urology · doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2015.06.019 · Cited by 120
Targeting FGFR for cancer therapy
Zhang, P., Yue, L., Leng, Q., Chen, C., Gan, C., Ye, T., & Cao, D. (2024) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13045-024-01558-1 · Cited by 130
“Targeted NGS panels, focusing on specific genes or gene regions, have been developed for comprehensive FGFR profiling [85].”
BackgroundSystematic discovery of complex insertions and deletions in human cancers
Ye, K., Wang, J., Jayasinghe, R. G., Lameijer, E.-W., McMichael, J. F., Ning, J., McLellan, M. D., Xie, M., Cao, S., Yellapantula, V. D., et al. (2015) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4002 · Cited by 118
“A subset of 518 genes originated from recent publications, including 294 genes from Frampton et al. 24 , 125 genes from Kandoth et al. 26 , 212 genes from Lawrence et al. 27 , 194 genes from Pritchard et al. 28 , 124 genes from Vogelstein et al. 31 , 48 genes from Rahman et al., 29 and 48 from Kanchi et al. 25 .”
Pal, S. K., Ali, S. M., Yakirevich, E., Geynisman, D. M., Karam, J. A., Elvin, J. A., Frampton, G. M., Huang, X., Lin, D. I., Rosenzweig, M. R., et al. (2017) · European Urology · doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2017.05.033 · Cited by 119
Powles, T. B., Sridhar, S. S., Loriot, Y., Joaquim Bellmunt, B., Mu, X. J., Ching, K. A., Pu, J., Sternberg, C. N., Petrylak, D. P., Tambaro, R., et al. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01579-0 · Cited by 116
Ali, S. M., Hensing, T. A., Schrock, A. B., Allen, J. M., Sanford, E. M., Gowen, K. A., Kulkarni, A., He, J., Suh, J. H., Lipson, D., et al. (2016) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0497 · Cited by 119
“, base-pair substitutions, insertions/deletions, copy number alterations and rearrangements), and then matches all clinically relevant alterations to potential targeted treatment options [8].”
BackgroundTam, A. L., Lim, H. J., Wistuba, I. I., Tamrazi, A., Kuo, M. D., Ziv, E., Wong, S. T. C., Shih, A. J., Webster, R. J., III, Fischer, G. S., et al. (2015) · Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2015.10.019 · Cited by 120
Development of genome-derived tumor type prediction to inform clinical cancer care
Penson, A., Camacho, N., Zheng, Y., Varghese, A. M., Al-Ahmadie, H., Razavi, P., Chandarlapaty, S., Vallejo, C. E., Vakiani, E., Gilewski, T., et al. (2020) · JAMA Oncology · doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.3985 · Cited by 115
Self-citationVokes, N. I., Liu, D., Ricciuti, B., Jimenez-Aguilar, E., Rizvi, H. A., Dietlein, F., He, M., Margolis, C. A., Elmarakeby, H., Girshman, J., et al. (2019) · JCO Precision Oncology · doi:10.1200/po.19.00171 · Cited by 112
“Med age at diagnosis (range) 65 (24-90) Med age at diagnosis (range) 66 (22-92)”
BackgroundGenomic landscape of pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma tumours
Hiltbrunner, S., Fleischmann, Z., Sokol, E. S., Zoche, M., Felley‐Bosco, E., & Fontecedro, A. C. (2022) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-022-01979-0 · Cited by 125
Si, H., Kuziora, M. A., Quinn, K., Helman, E., Ye, J., Liu, F., Scheuring, U. J., Peters, S., Rizvi, N. A., Brohawn, P. Z., et al. (2020) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3771 · Cited by 113
Liquid biopsy for therapy monitoring in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer
Nagasaka, M., Uddin, M. H., Hallak, M. N. A., Rahman, S. B., Balasubramanian, S. K., Sukari, A. W., & Azmi, A. S. (2021) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12943-021-01371-1 · Cited by 116
Abida, W. M., Campbell, D. C., Patnaik, A., Bryce, A. H., Shapiro, J. D., Bambury, R. M., Zhang, J., Burke, J. M., Castellano, D., Pous, A. F., et al. (2023) · European Urology · doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2023.05.021 · Cited by 119
Chae, Y. K., Davis, A. A., Carneiro, B. A., Chandra, S., Mohindra, N., Kalyan, A., Kaplan, J., Matsangou, M., Pai, S., Costa, R., et al. (2016) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.11692 · Cited by 110
“Of these, 29 patients had comprehensive tissue NGS testing (FoundationOne) commercially performed by Foundation Medicine (Cambridge, MA) [26].”
MethodHuang, R. S. P., Haberberger, J., Severson, E. A., Duncan, D. L., Hemmerich, A. C., Edgerly, C. I., Ferguson, N. L., Williams, E. A., Elvin, J. A., Vergilio, J., et al. (2020) · Modern Pathology · doi:10.1038/s41379-020-00664-y · Cited by 114
Pan-cancer proteogenomics connects oncogenic drivers to functional states
Li, Y., Porta‐Pardo, E., Tokheim, C. J., Bailey, M. H., Yaron, T. M., Stathias, V., Geffen, Y., Imbach, K. J., Cao, S., Anand, S. K., et al. (2023) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.014 · Cited by 124
“Subsequently, the FDA has approved the testing of broad gene panels to reveal clinically actionable variants,(70) where specific alterations are matched with targeted therapies.(71,72) These developments have spurred analyses of molecular underpinnings of pan-cancer drivers.”
Clinical benefit of a precision medicine based approach for guiding treatment of refractory cancers
Radovich, M., Kiel, P. J., Nance, S. M., Niland, E. E., Parsley, M. E., Ferguson, M. E., Jiang, G., Ammakkanavar, N. R., Einhorn, L. H., Cheng, L., et al. (2016) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.10606 · Cited by 111
“Of note, one patient in our study received testing using the FoundationOne test, whose methods are described elsewhere [26].”
MethodKolin, D. L., Quick, C. M., Dong, F., Fletcher, C. D. �., Stewart, C. J. R., Soma, A., Hornick, J. L., Nucci, M. R., & Howitt, B. E. (2019) · The American Journal of Surgical Pathology · doi:10.1097/pas.0000000000001375 · Cited by 111
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Zhang, W., Yan, C., Zhang, T., Chen, X., Dong, J., Zhao, J., Han, D., Wang, J., Zhao, G., Cao, F., et al. (2021) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.1080/2162402x.2021.1971418 · Cited by 111
Bendell, J. C., Varghese, A. M., Hyman, D. M., Bauer, T. M., Pant, S., Callies, S., Lin, J., Martínez, R., Wickremsinhe, E. R., Fink, A. A., et al. (2018) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3421 · Cited by 110
“2 (13) 245 (22) 36 (2) 1; 2 807; 810 3708; 2640 3.”
MethodOsipov, A., Lim, S. J., Popović, A., Azad, N. S., Laheru, D. A., Zheng, L., Jaffee, E. M., Wang, H., & Yarchoan, M. M. (2020) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0458 · Cited by 115
“Details of the assay have been previously reported, which estimates the total number of somatic, coding mutations (including synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations and short indels) per megabase of tumor genome (23).”
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“Full methods can be found in the supplementary Methods, available at Annals of Oncology online, and have been described previously [9].”
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MHC-I genotype and tumor mutational burden predict response to immunotherapy
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Rodon, J. A., Carducci, M. A., Sepúlveda-Sánchez, J. M., Azaro, A., Calvo, E., Seoane, J., Braña, I., Sicart, E., Gueorguieva, I., Cleverly, A., et al. (2014) · Investigational New Drugs · doi:10.1007/s10637-014-0192-4 · Cited by 108
“As previously described, an MAIP was used [13] to determine plasma protein levels at baseline.”
MethodJohnson, D. B., Dahlman, K. H., Knol, J., Gilbert, J., Puzanov, I. J., Means-Powell, J. A., Balko, J. M., Lovly, C. M., Murphy, B. A., Goff, L. W., et al. (2014) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0011 · Cited by 109
Metadata
- Authors
- Frampton, G. M., Fichtenholtz, A., Otto, G. A., Wang, K., Downing, S. R., He, J., Schnall-Levin, M., White, J., Sanford, E. M., An, P., Sun, J., Juhn, F., Brennan, K., Iwanik, K., Maillet, A., Buell, J., White, E., Zhao, M., Balasubramanian, S., Terzic, S., Richards, T., Banning, V., Garcia, L., Mahoney, K., Zwirko, Z., Donahue, A., Beltran, H., Mosquera, J. M., Rubin, M. A., Dogan, S., Hedvat, C. V., Berger, M. F., Pusztai, L., Lechner, M., Boshoff, C., Jarosz, M., Vietz, C., Parker, A., Miller, V. A., Ross, J. S., Curran, J., Cronin, M. T., Stephens, P. J., Lipson, D., & Yelensky, R.
- Affiliations
- Foundation Medicine (United States) (US)
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (US)
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- Yale Cancer Center (US)
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lipson, Doron
- Yelensky, Roman
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Biotechnology
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1023-1031
- ISSN
- 0733-222X (ISSN-L)
- 1087-0156
- 1546-1696
- PMC
- PMC5710001
- OpenAlex
- W2160981405
- Cited by
- 2,157
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 91 · 2025: 122 · 2024: 139 · 2023: 215 · 2022: 208 · 2021: 188 · 2020: 213 · 2019: 185 · 2018: 195 · 2017: 180 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 159 · 2014: 76 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 49.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (WT093855MA)
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA008748)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomics and Rare Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › BRCA gene mutations in cancer
- Keywords
- tumor genomic profiling, analytical method validation, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue, copy number alterations, indels, gene fusion, actionable mutations, mutant allele frequency, sensitivity and specificity, precision oncology
- MeSH terms
- DNA Mutational Analysis, Gene Frequency, Humans, Neoplasms, Sensitivity and Specificity, Reproducibility of Results, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, DNA Copy Number Variations
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