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Empowering DNA-Based Information Processing: Computation and Data Storage

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Engineering Novel DNA Nanoarchitectures for Targeted Drug Delivery and Aptamer Mediated Apoptosis in Cancer Therapeutics

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Recording Temporal Signals with Minutes Resolution Using Enzymatic DNA Synthesis

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MBene as novel and effective electrochemical material used to enhance paper-based biosensor for point-of-care testing ctDNA from mice serum

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DNA nanotechnology in oligonucleotide drug delivery systems: Prospects for Bio-nanorobots in cancer treatment

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Recording Binding Information Directly into DNA-Encoded Libraries Using Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase

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DNA-based data storage via combinatorial assemblyPreprint

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Recent Progress in High-Throughput Enzymatic DNA Synthesis for Data Storage

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Enzymatic Synthesis of DNA with an Expanded Genetic Alphabet Using Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase

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The emerging landscape of microfluidic applications in DNA data storage

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A biological camera that captures and stores images directly into DNA

Lim, C. K., Yeoh, J. W., Kunartama, A. A., Yew, W. S., & Poh, C. L. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38876-w · Cited by 25

Stereoselective synthesis of P-stereogenic nucleotide prodrugs and oligonucleotides

Wang, J.-B., Lv, J., Bankar, S. K., Fang, S.-S., & Shang, M. (2025) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d5cs00260e · Cited by 21

Technical Advances to Accelerate Modular Type I Polyketide Synthase Engineering towards a Retro-biosynthetic Platform

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Insight into the mechanism of DNA synthesis by human terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase

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Catalytic DNA‐Assisted Mass Production of Arbitrary Single‐Stranded DNA

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Spatially Selective Electrochemical Cleavage of a Polymerase-Nucleotide Conjugate

Smith, J. A., Nguyen, B. H., Carlson, R., Bertram, J. G., Palluk, S., Arlow, D. H., & Strauß, K. (2023) · ACS Synthetic Biology · doi:10.1021/acssynbio.3c00044 · Cited by 21

2’,3’‐Protected Nucleotides as Building Blocks for Enzymatic de novo RNA Synthesis

Pichon, M. M., Lévi-Acobas, F., Kitoun, C., & Hollenstein, M. (2024) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.202400137 · Cited by 21

Cost‐Effective DNA Storage System with DNA Movable Type

Wang, C., Wei, D., Wei, Z., Yang, D., Xing, J., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Wang, P., Ma, G., Zhang, X., et al. (2024) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202411354 · Cited by 20

Synthetic genomes with altered genetic codes

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Seeding the idea of encapsulating a representative synthetic metagenome in a single yeast cell

Belda, I., Williams, T. C., de Celis, M., Paulsen, I. T., & Pretorius, I. S. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21877-y · Cited by 20

Nucleic Acid Substrate-Independent DNA Polymerization on the Exosome Membrane: A Mechanism Study and Application in Exosome Analysis

Fan, W., Han, P., Feng, Q., Sun, Y., Ren, W., Lawson, T., & Liu, C. (2022) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04636 · Cited by 20

Recent progress in DNA data storage based on high-throughput DNA synthesis

Jo, S., Shin, H., Joe, S.-Y., Baek, D. J., Park, C., & Chun, H. (2024) · Biomedical Engineering Letters · doi:10.1007/s13534-024-00386-z · Cited by 25

Mini review: Enzyme-based DNA synthesis and selective retrieval for data storage

Yoo, E., Choe, D., Shin, J., Cho, S., & Cho, B. (2021) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.057 · Cited by 21

DNA strand displacement based computational systems and their applications

Chen, C., Wen, J., Wen, Z.-B., Song, S., & Shi, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2023.1120791 · Cited by 21

Inkjet printing-based high-throughput DNA synthesis

Deng, X. J., Li, H., & Song, Y. (2023) · Giant · doi:10.1016/j.giant.2023.100222 · Cited by 22

Recent Advances in Biocatalytic and Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Oligonucleotides

Bizat, P. N., Sabat, N., & Hollenstein, M. (2025) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.202400987 · Cited by 20

Split & mix assembly of DNA libraries for ultrahigh throughput on-bead screening of functional proteins

Lindenburg, L. H., Huovinen, T., van de Wiel, K. M., Herger, M., Snaith, M. R., & Hollfelder, F. (2020) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa270 · Cited by 18

DNA storage: The future direction for medical cold data storage

Shen, P., Zheng, Y., Zhang, C., Li, S., Chen, Y., Chen, Y., Liu, Y., & Cai, Z. (2025) · Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.synbio.2025.03.006 · Cited by 18

Benzoyl and Pivaloyl as Efficient Protecting Groups for Controlled Enzymatic Synthesis of DNA and XNA Oligonucleotides

Flamme, M., Katkevica, D., Pajuste, K., Katkevičs, M., Sabat, N., Hanlon, S. P., Marzuoli, I., Püntener, K., Sladojevich, F., & Hollenstein, M. (2022) · Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1002/ajoc.202200384 · Cited by 19

Assembly of Reusable DNA Blocks for Data Storage Using the Principle of Movable Type Printing

Xu, C., Ma, B., Dong, X., Lei, L., Hao, Q., Zhao, C., & Liu, H. (2023) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.3c01860 · Cited by 18

Multiplexed Random Access Approach to DNA Microspheres for High‐Capacity Data Storage

Zhong, W., Wang, S., Geng, C., Zheng, Y., Bai, S., Cao, X., Liu, K., Yang, Y., Lü, C., & Jiang, X. (2024) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202408852 · Cited by 18

Can Life Emerge from Synthetic Polymers?

Lutz, J. (2019) · Israel Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1002/ijch.201900110 · Cited by 20

Reconstruction Algorithms for DNA-Storage SystemsPreprint

Sabary, O., Yucovich, A., Shapira, G., & Yaakobi, E. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.09.16.300186 · Cited by 18

Biomolecule-Based Optical Metamaterials: Design and Applications

Torres‐Huerta, A. L., Pérez, A. A., García-Huante, Y., Alcázar-Ramírez, N. J., & Rueda-Silva, J. C. (2022) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios12110962 · Cited by 16

Optimized high-throughput screening of non-coding variants identified from genome-wide association studies

Morova, T., Ding, Y., Huang, C.-C. F., Sar, F., Schwarz, T., Giambartolomei, C., Baca, S. C., Grishin, D., Hach, F., Gusev, A., et al. (2022) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkac1198 · Cited by 17

Template-independent synthesis and 3′-end labelling of 2′-modified oligonucleotides with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferases

Sun, L., Xiang, Y., Du, Y., Wang, Y., Ma, J., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Wang, G., & Chen, T. (2024) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkae691 · Cited by 16

Enhancing the expression of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferases by N‐terminal truncation

Li, A., Shi, K., Zeng, B., Xu, J., & Yu, H. (2024) · Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1002/biot.202400226 · Cited by 16

Engineering considerations for next-generation oligonucleotide therapeutics

Ebrahimi, S. B., Bhattacharjee, H., Sonti, S., Fuerst, D. E., Doyle, P. S., Lu, Y., & Samanta, D. (2024) · Nature Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s44286-024-00152-z · Cited by 16

Enzymatic de novo oligonucleotide synthesis: Emerging techniques and advancements

Gao, N., Yu, A., Yang, W., Zhang, X., Shen, Y., & Fu, X. (2025) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108604 · Cited by 16

DNA microarray chips: Fabrication and cutting-edge applications

Xu, J., Chun, H., Wang, L., Mei, H., Chen, S., & Huang, X. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.155937 · Cited by 15

Towards High-Efficiency Synthesis of Xenonucleic Acids

Fairbanks, B. D., Culver, H. R., Mavila, S., & Bowman, C. N. (2019) · Trends in Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trechm.2019.06.004 · Cited by 19

Strengthening Security for Gene Synthesis: Recommendations for Governance

Kobokovich, A. L., West, R., Montague, M. G., Inglesby, T., & Grönvall, G. K. (2019) · Health Security · doi:10.1089/hs.2019.0110 · Cited by 15

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase: Properties and applications

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Engineering DNA Materials for Sustainable Data Storage Using a DNA Movable-Type System

Gong, Z.-Y., Song, L., Pei, G., Dong, Y.-F., Li, B., & Yuan, Y. (2023) · Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.eng.2022.05.023 · Cited by 13

A toolbox for enzymatic modification of nucleic acids with photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy

Niogret, G., Chériaux, C., Bonhomme, F., Lévi-Acobas, F., Figliola, C., Ulrich, G., Gasser, G., & Hollenstein, M. (2024) · RSC Chemical Biology · doi:10.1039/d4cb00103f · Cited by 14

High-Throughput Screening for Oligonucleotide Detection by ADE-OPI-MS

Hu, L., Zhang, Z., Li, C., Han, M., Hao, M., Zhang, X., Ahmed, N., Luo, J., Lu, X., Sun, J., et al. (2024) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02110 · Cited by 14

How to build a genome

Eisenstein, M. S. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00511-9 · Cited by 14

Targeting individual cells by barcode in pooled sequence libraries

Ranu, N., Villani, A.-C., Hacohen, N., & Blainey, P. C. (2019) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gky856 · Cited by 13

Enzymatic Strategies for Next-Generation DNA Synthesis: Boosting Efficiency and Overcoming Secondary Structures

Fessner, N. D. (2025) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.5c05189 · Cited by 13

Automation in synthetic biology using biological foundries

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Assessment of enzymatically synthesized DNA for gene assembly

Simmons, B. L., McDonald, N. D., & Robinett, N. G. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1208784 · Cited by 13

Recent advances in the synthesis of single‐stranded DNA in vitro

Li, S., Tan, W., Jia, X., Miao, Q., Liu, Y., & Yang, D. (2024) · Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1002/biot.202400026 · Cited by 14

Polyketide synthases as a platform for chemical product design

Zargar, A., Barajas, J. F., Lal, R., & Keasling, J. D. (2018) · AIChE Journal · doi:10.1002/aic.16351 · Cited by 13

Enzymatic synthesis and modification of high molecular weight DNA using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

Deshpande, S., Yang, Y., Chilkoti, A., & Zauscher, S. (2019) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2019.07.044 · Cited by 13

Stable DNA Sequence Over Close-Ending and Pairing Sequences Constraint

Li, X., Wei, Z., Wang, B., & Song, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.644484 · Cited by 13

DNA Punch Cards: Storing Data on Native DNA Sequences via NickingPreprint

Tabatabaei, S. K., Wang, B., Athreya, N. B. M., Enghiad, B., Hernandez, A. G., Fields, C. J., Leburton, J.-P., Soloveichik, D., Zhao, H., & Milenkovic, O. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/672394 · Cited by 14

From liquid-phase synthesis to chemical ligation: preparation of oligonucleotides and their backbone analogs in solution

Virta, P. (2025) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkaf1084 · Cited by 11

Enzymatic synthesis of RNA oligonucleotides

Hollenstein, M. (2024) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-024-02322-z · Cited by 12

Scalable acoustic virtual stirrer for enhanced interfacial enzymatic nucleic acid reactions

Li, D. M., Li, K., Li, J., Li, D., Chen, H., Li, S., Yang, C. J., Zhang, H., Chen, L., & Hu, X. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adt6955 · Cited by 12

Enzymatic Construction of Artificial Base Pairs: The Effect of Metal Shielding

Flamme, M., Lévi-Acobas, F., Hensel, S., Naskar, S., Röthlisberger, P., Sarac, I., Gasser, G., Müller, J., & Hollenstein, M. (2020) · ChemBioChem · doi:10.1002/cbic.202000402 · Cited by 12

Improved DNA based storage capacity and fidelity using composite DNA lettersPreprint

Anavy, L., Vaknin, I., Atar, O., Amit, R., & Zohar Yakhini, B. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/433524 · Cited by 12

DNA writing technologies moving toward synthetic genomes

Seydel, C. (2023) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-023-02006-0 · Cited by 12

Extension characteristics of TdT and its application in biosensors

He, Y., Zhu, L., Wang, X., Song, Y., Dong, Y., & Xu, W. (2023) · Critical Reviews in Biotechnology · doi:10.1080/07388551.2023.2270772 · Cited by 11

Trimming synthetic peptide and oligonucleotide waste-lines

Kopach, M. E., & Andrews, B. I. (2022) · Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.cogsc.2022.100643 · Cited by 11

Biochemical Investigation and Engineering of a Tardigrade X Family DNA Polymerase for Template-Independent DNA Synthesis

Law, Y.-S., Muthaliff, N. A., Wei, Y., Lin, F., Zhao, H., & Ang, E. L. (2024) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.4c00756 · Cited by 9

Research progress in high-throughput DNA synthesis and its applications

Liu, C. B., Zhuang, W., Liu, L., Chen, Y., Yang, C., Chen, H., Yao, Y., Sun, X., & Hu, W. W. (2025) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d5tb00869g · Cited by 10

Nonaqueous Oxidation in DNA Microarray Synthesis Improves the Oligonucleotide Quality and Preserves Surface Integrity on Gold and Indium Tin Oxide Substrates

Schaudy, E., Ibáñez-Redín, G., Parlar, E., Somoza, M. M., & Lietard, J. (2024) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04166 · Cited by 10

Thermofluidic chip containing virtual thermal wells

Ferguson, A. J., Hayes, M. J., Kirkpatrick, B. C., Lin, Y., Narayan, V., & Prak, A. (2019) · Engineering Biology · doi:10.1049/enb.2018.5010 · Cited by 10

Trifunctional integrated DNA-based universal sensing platform for detection of diverse biomolecules in one-pot isothermal exponential amplification mode

Cui, Y., Feng, X., Li, X., Zhang, Y.-P., Tang, A., & Kong, D. (2019) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c9cc03758f · Cited by 10

Thermococcus sp. 9°N DNA polymerase exhibits 3′-esterase activity that can be harnessed for DNA sequencing

LinWu, S.-W., Tu, Y.-H., Tsai, T., Maestre‐Reyna, M., Liu, M., Wu, W., Huang, J., Chi, H.-W., Chang, W.-H., Chiou, C.-F., et al. (2019) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-019-0458-7 · Cited by 10

Synthetic biology in China: Review and prospects

Zhang, X. (2019) · Scientia Sinica Vitae · doi:10.1360/ssv-2019-0299 · Cited by 10

DNA writing at a single genomic site enables lineage tracing and analog recording in mammalian cellsPreprint

Loveless, T. B., Grotts, J. H., Schechter, M. W., Forouzmand, E., Carlson, C. K., Agahi, B. S., Liang, G., Ficht, M., Liu, B., Xie, X. S., et al. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/639120 · Cited by 9

An Update on Protection of 5′‐Hydroxyl Functions of Nucleosides and Oligonucleotides

SELIGER, H., & Sanghvi, Y. S. (2024) · Current Protocols · doi:10.1002/cpz1.999 · Cited by 9

Dielectrophoretic bead-droplet reactor for solid-phase synthesis

Padhy, P., Zaman, M. A., Jensen, M. A., Cheng, Y.-T., Huang, Y., Wu, M., Galambos, L., Davis, R. W., & Hesselink, L. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49284-z · Cited by 9

Engineering the Activity of a Template-Independent DNA Polymerase

Milisavljevic, M., Rodriguez, T. R., Carlson, C. K., Liu, C. C., & Tyo, K. E. J. (2024) · ACS Synthetic Biology · doi:10.1021/acssynbio.4c00255 · Cited by 9

Flow Cytometry Sorting for Random Access in DNA Data Storage: Encapsulation for Enhanced Stability and Sequence Integrity of DNA

Zhong, W., Geng, C., Fu, Z., Mao, C., Zheng, Y., Wang, S., Liu, K., Yang, Y., Lü, C., & Jiang, X. (2024) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04637 · Cited by 9

Genome synthesis, assembly, and rebooting of therapeutically useful high G+C% mycobacteriophages

Ko, C., Sikkema, A. P., Lauer, M. J., Amarh, E. D., Garlena, R. A., Russell, D. A., Chew, N., Li, T., Harrison, I. M., Ellefson, J. W., et al. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2523871122 · Cited by 9

The application of DNA nanotechnology to trace water environmental pollution

Wang, C., Yang, D., Luo, D., & Liao, R. (2023) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/tb-2023-0363 · Cited by 8

Sequence Reconstruction Under Stutter Noise in Enzymatic DNA Synthesis

Shafir, R., Sabary, O., Anavy, L., Yaakobi, E., & Yakhini, Z. (2021) · IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW) · doi:10.1109/itw48936.2021.9611362 · Cited by 7

The Protein‐Templated Synthesis of Enzyme‐Generated Aptamers

Cordova, J. A. V., Schaap‐Johansen, A., Manikova, P., Marcatili, P., Prado, M., Sun, Y., & Ashley, J. A. (2022) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202201061 · Cited by 8

Solid-State MoS2 Nanopore Membranes for Discriminating among the Lengths of RNA Tails on a Double-Stranded DNA: A New Simulation-Based Differentiating Algorithm

Chakraborty, R., Xiong, M., Athreya, N. B. M., Tabatabaei, S. K., Milenković, O., & Leburton, J. (2023) · ACS Applied Nano Materials · doi:10.1021/acsanm.3c00129 · Cited by 8

A Massively Parallel In Vivo Assay of TdT Mutants Yields Variants with Altered Nucleotide Insertion Biases

Carlson, C. K., Loveless, T. B., Milisavljevic, M., Kelly, P. I., Mills, J. H., Tyo, K. E. J., & Liu, C. C. (2024) · ACS Synthetic Biology · doi:10.1021/acssynbio.4c00414 · Cited by 7

Template-independent enzymatic functionalization of DNA oligonucleotides with environment-sensitive nucleotide probes using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

Ghosh, P., Phadte, A. A., Bhojappa, B., Palani, S., & Srivatsan, S. G. (2025) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkaf108 · Cited by 7

Approaching single-molecule assembly-free readout from medium-length encoded DNA

Chen, W., Qin, R., Guo, Q., Guo, J., Ge, Q., & Yuan, Y. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-65004-7 · Cited by 7

Enzymes as green and sustainable tools for DNA data storage

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Free-running enzymatic oligonucleotide synthesis for data storage applications.

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Gold Nanoparticle-DNA Conjugates: An Enzymatic DNA Synthesis Platform

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An enzymatic oligonucleotide synthesizer

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Enzymatic de novo DNA Synthesis Methods

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