VEGFR-3 controls tip to stalk conversion at vessel fusion sites by reinforcing Notch signalling
Open accessAbstract
Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, involves specification of endothelial cells to tip cells and stalk cells, which is controlled by Notch signalling, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 and VEGFR-3 have been implicated in angiogenic sprouting. Surprisingly, we found that endothelial deletion of Vegfr3, but not VEGFR-3-blocking antibodies, postnatally led to excessive angiogenic sprouting and branching, and decreased the level of Notch signalling, indicating that VEGFR-3 possesses passive and active signalling modalities. Furthermore, macrophages expressing the VEGFR-3 and VEGFR-2 ligand VEGF-C localized to vessel branch points, and Vegfc heterozygous mice exhibited inefficient angiogenesis characterized by decreased vascular branching. FoxC2 is a known regulator of Notch ligand and target gene expression, and Foxc2(+/-);Vegfr3(+/-) compound heterozygosity recapitulated homozygous loss of Vegfr3. These results indicate that macrophage-derived VEGF-C activates VEGFR-3 in tip cells to reinforce Notch signalling, which contributes to the phenotypic conversion of endothelial cells at fusion points of vessel sprouts.
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Microglia associate with endothelial tip cells during embryonic brain and postnatal retinal angiogenesis.
“microglia associate with endothelial tip cells, as demonstrated during embryonic brain and postnatal retinal angiogenesis”
From The impact of microglial activation on blood-brain barrier in brain diseases (2014) · cites this paper as Tammela et al., 2011
Microglia CNS endothelium interaction occurs during early stages of CNS vascularization.
“it thus constitute further in vivo evidence for microglia CNS endothelium interaction during early stages of CNS vascularization.”
From The impact of microglial activation on blood-brain barrier in brain diseases (2014) · cites this paper as Tammela et al., 2011
Resident microglia in the brain parenchyma interact with CNS microvessels.
“recent in vivo studies present evidence that resident microglia in the brain parenchyma also interact with CNS microvessels”
From The impact of microglial activation on blood-brain barrier in brain diseases (2014) · cites this paper as Tammela et al., 2011
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- Authors
- Tammela, T., Zarkada, G., Nurmi, H., Jakobsson, L., Heinolainen, K., Tvorogov, D., Zheng, W., Franco, C. A., Murtomäki, A., Aranda, E., Miura, N., Ylä-Herttuala, S., Fruttiger, M., Mäkinen, T., Eichmann, A., Pollard, J. W., Gerhardt, H., & Alitalo, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Cancer Research UK (GB)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Hamamatsu University (JP)
- University College London (GB)
- Inserm (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Alitalo, Kari
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Cell Biology
- Published
- 2011-09-11
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1202-1213
- ISSN
- 1465-7392 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4679
- PMC
- PMC3261765
- OpenAlex
- W2068104262
- Cited by
- 321
- References
- 70
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- 13.75
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- journal article
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- en
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- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Ida Montinin Säätiö
- Helsingin Yliopisto
- Suomen Lääketieteen Säätiö
- Maud Kuistilan Muistosäätiö
- Cancer Research UK
- Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine
- Louis-Jeantet Foundation
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
- Emil Aaltosen Säätiö
- Université de Lausanne
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois
- Orionin Tutkimussäätiö
- K. Albin Johanssons Stiftelse
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA131270)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Lymphatic System and Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- VEGFR-3, Notch signaling, angiogenic sprouting, vascular branching, macrophages, VEGF-C, VEGFR2, FOXC2
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antibodies, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Macrophages, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Retinal Vessels, Rhombencephalon, Time Factors, Transduction, Genetic, Transfection, Signal Transduction, Mice, Knockout, Neovascularization, Physiologic, RNA Interference, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D, Endothelial Cells, Cell Line, Tumor, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Mice, Forkhead Transcription Factors, Receptors, Notch, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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