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Ceramide targets autophagosomes to mitochondria and induces lethal mitophagy
Open accessAbstract
Mechanisms by which autophagy promotes cell survival or death are unclear. We provide evidence that C(18)-pyridinium ceramide treatment or endogenous C(18)-ceramide generation by ceramide synthase 1 (CerS1) expression mediates autophagic cell death, independent of apoptosis in human cancer cells. C(18)-ceramide-induced lethal autophagy was regulated via microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 β-lipidation, forming LC3B-II, and selective targeting of mitochondria by LC3B-II-containing autophagolysosomes (mitophagy) through direct interaction between ceramide and LC3B-II upon Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission, leading to inhibition of mitochondrial function and oxygen consumption. Accordingly, expression of mutant LC3B with impaired ceramide binding, as predicted by molecular modeling, prevented CerS1-mediated mitochondrial targeting, recovering oxygen consumption. Moreover, knockdown of CerS1 abrogated sodium selenite-induced mitophagy, and stable LC3B knockdown protected against CerS1- and C(18)-ceramide-dependent mitophagy and blocked tumor suppression in vivo. Thus, these data suggest a new receptor function of ceramide for anchoring LC3B-II autophagolysosomes to mitochondrial membranes, defining a key mechanism for the induction of lethal mitophagy.
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“The localization of CerS1 to the mitochondria and the synthesis of ceramide in the outer mitochondrial membrane recruit the autophagic machinery and induce mitophagy (15) by binding autophagosome-associated LC3.”
From Alzheimer's Disease–Associated Amyloid-β Precursor Protein Prevents Aging Stress–Induced Mitophagy and Fumarate Depletion to Improve Antitumor Immunity (2025) · cites this paper as [15]
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“Ceramide stress triggered lethal mitophagy by anchoring LC3B-II autophagosomes to mitochondrial membranes upon Drp1mediated mitochondrial fission (Sentelle et al., 2012).”
BackgroundChemical mitophagy modulators: Drug development strategies and novel regulatory mechanisms
Dong, Y. J., Zhuang, X., Wang, Y.-T., Tan, J., Feng, D., Li, M., Zhong, Q., Song, Z., Shen, H., Fang, E. F., et al. (2023) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106835 · Cited by 36
Teixeira, V., Medeiros, T., Vilaça, R., Pereira, A. T., Chaves, S. R., Côrte‐Real, M., Moradas‐Ferreira, P., & Costa, V. (2015) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.06.001 · Cited by 32
The heat shock protein Hsp27 controls mitochondrial function by modulating ceramide generation
Boyd, R. A., Majumder, S., Stiban, J., Mavodza, G. R., Straus, A. J., Kempelingaiah, S. K., Reddy, V., Hannun, Y. A., Obeid, L. M., & Senkal, C. E. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113081 · Cited by 31
“While Hsp27 knockdown induced mitochondrial fission, a known CerS1-induced phenotype, 14,15,72,73 mitochondrial fission was prevented when cells were co-transfected with CerS1 siRNA (Figure 7A, left panel).”
Self-citationTherapeutic implications of bioactive sphingolipids: A focus on colorectal cancer
Camp, E. R., Patterson, L., KESTER, M. A., & Voelkel‐Johnson, C. (2017) · Cancer Biology & Therapy · doi:10.1080/15384047.2017.1345396 · Cited by 31
“Cationic ceramides, developed based on structure-function and targeting properties, induce anti-proliferative responses, including autophagic cell death, apoptosis and growth inhibition.(93,106,107) Among the cationic ceramides, LCL-30 has been investigated in CRC.”
BackgroundSphingolipid metabolism and drug resistance in ovarian cancer
Kreitzburg, K. M., van Waardenburg, R. C. A. M., & Yoon, K. J. (2018) · Cancer Drug Resistance · doi:10.20517/cdr.2018.06 · Cited by 30
“S1P is mitogenic and promotes growth, motility, and angiogenesis, whereas the S1P precursors sphingosine and ceramide mediate anti-proliferative and cytotoxic stress responses including apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, lethal autophagy, and growth suppression in vitro and in vivo([6,13-15]).”
BackgroundTringali, C., & Giussani, P. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23147806 · Cited by 33
“mitochondria is dependent on the interaction between Cer and the microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)-II on lysosomes [81].”
BackgroundNalbandian, A., Llewellyn, K. J., Gómez, A. E., Walker, N., Su, H., Dunnigan, A., Chwa, M., Vesa, J., Kenney, M. C., & Kimonis, V. E. (2015) · Mitochondrion · doi:10.1016/j.mito.2015.02.004 · Cited by 28
Nganga, R., Oleinik, N. V., Kim, J., Selvam, S. P., Palma, R. M. D., Johnson, K. A., Parikh, R. Y., Gangaraju, V. K., Peterson, Y. K., Dany, M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.ra118.005865 · Cited by 30
“The results were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 7 software, as we described previously (36, 61).”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationCustodia, A., Romaus‐Sanjurjo, D., Aramburu-Núñez, M., Álvarez-Rafael, D., Vázquez‐Vázquez, L., Camino-Castiñeiras, J., Leira, Y., Peleteiro, J. M. P., Aldrey, J. M., Sobrino, T., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23158082 · Cited by 31
“Additionally, it has been observed an astrocytic increased expression of S1PR3 and activation of SphK1 are associated with inflammatory events [101].”
BackgroundInfluentialLiver Cell Mitophagy in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis
Chen, J., Jian, L., Guo, Y., Tang, C., Huang, Z., & Gao, J. (2024) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox13060729 · Cited by 36
“Ceramide-induced mitophagy is mediated by dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-dependent mitochondrial fission and involves direct interaction between ceramide and LC3 β -lipidation II (LC3B-II) [66].”
BackgroundChanges in the metabolism of sphingolipids after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Testai, F. D., Xu, H., Kilkus, J. P., Suryadevara, V., Gorshkova, I. A., Berdyshev, E. V., Pelligrino, D. A., & Dawson, G. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.23542 · Cited by 30
“In addition, this sphingolipid has been shown to cause vasoconstriction in cerebral vessels and mediates mitochondrial dysfunction, vascular dysregulation, and autophagy (Altura et al., 2002; Sentelle et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2012).”
BackgroundAhmad, B., Gamallat, Y., Khan, M. F., Din, S. R. U., Israr, M., Ahmad, M., Tahir, N., Azam, N., Rahman, K. U., Wang, X., et al. (2021) · OncoTargets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ott.s287354 · Cited by 30
Neurodegenerative Disorders: Spotlight on Sphingolipids
Mandik, F., & Vos, M. H. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222111998 · Cited by 31
“More recently, we li ked the autosomal recessive PD genes PINK1 and Parkin to ceramide, where ceramide levels are increased in isolated mitochondria [104] to induce ceramide-mediated mitophagy [105].”
BackgroundSphingolipids in Major Depression
Jernigan, P. L., Hoehn, R. S., Grassmé, H., Edwards, M. J., Müller, C. P., Kornhuber, J., & Gulbins, E. (2015) · Neurosignals · doi:10.1159/000442603 · Cited by 30
Jang, Y., Rao, X., & Jiang, Q. (2017) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.04.003 · Cited by 29
“However, during prolonged treatment, γTE had distinct influences on specific Cers, which have been shown to have different bioactivities [4, 11, 12].”
BackgroundZhao, H., Gao, H., Zhang, Y., et al. (2023) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01851 · Cited by 28
Serum starvation induces anti-apoptotic cIAP1 to promote mitophagy through ubiquitination
Mukhopadhyay, S., Naik, P. P., Panda, P. K., Sinha, N., Das, D. N., & Bhutia, S. K. (2016) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.143 · Cited by 28
Decoding ceramide function: how localization shapes cellular fate and how to study it
Chitkara, S., & Atilla‐Gokcumen, G. E. (2025) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2025.01.007 · Cited by 27
Trafficking and Functions of Bioactive Sphingolipids: Lessons from Cells and Model Membranes
Zhou, K., & Blom, T. (2015) · Lipid Insights · doi:10.4137/lpi.s31615 · Cited by 30
Necroptosis in primate luteolysis: a role for ceramide
Bagnjuk, K., Stöckl, J. B., Fröhlich, T., Arnold, G. J., Behr, R., Berg, U., Berg, D., Kunz, L., Bishop, C. V., Xu, J., et al. (2019) · Cell Death Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41420-019-0149-7 · Cited by 27
Li, C.-Y., Liu, Y., Liu, X., Bai, X., Jin, X., Xu, F., Chen, H., Zhang, Y., Vallée, I., Liu, M., et al. (2023) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011479 · Cited by 28
“An increased in ceramide levels is known to exacerbate inflammation [55], disrupt the mitochondrial membrane structure, increase membrane permeability and trigger apoptosis [56,57].”
BackgroundDouble-edged mitophagy: balancing inflammation and resolution in lung disease
Tian, S., Zhang, Y., Liu, C. X., Zhang, H., Lu, Q., Zhao, Y., & Fan, H. (2025) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20256705 · Cited by 29
“This similarity facilitates the interaction between LC3B and C18-ceramide, enhancing the recruitment and proliferation of autophagosomes, which in turn triggers the process of mitophagy [31].”
Yura, Y., Masui, A., & Hamada, M. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12082062 · Cited by 27
“Ceramide-LC3 binding results in the recruitment of autophagosomes for the execution of mitophagy [83,84].”
BackgroundCirculating Mitochondrial DNA and Inter-Organelle Contact Sites in Aging and Associated Conditions
Picca, A., Guerra, F., Calvani, R., Romanò, R., Coelho‐Júnior, H. J., Damiano, F. P., Bucci, C., & Marzetti, E. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11040675 · Cited by 27
Shueng, P., Yu, L.-Y., Hou, H.-H., Chiu, H., & Lo, C.-L. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23063080 · Cited by 26
“Several reports have suggested that ceramide-induced cell death is greatly related to mitochondrial dysfunction [22,23], especially for breast cancer cells [39].”
BackgroundSolenopsin A and analogs exhibit ceramide-like biological activity
Karlsson, I. B., Zhou, X., Thomas, R. J., Smith, A. T., Bonner, M. Y., Bakshi, P., Banga, A. K., Bowen, J. P., Qabaja, G., Ford, S. L., et al. (2015) · Vascular Cell · doi:10.1186/s13221-015-0030-2 · Cited by 26
“We examined the effect of solenopsin and analogs on two stereotypic sites of ceramide activity, lipid rafts and mitochondria [7,8].”
BackgroundMethodSelective autophagy: The new player in the fight against neurodegenerative diseases?
Wu, M.-Y., Song, J., Wang, S.-F., Cai, C.-Z., Li, M., & Lu, J. (2017) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.11.009 · Cited by 27
“, 2015), anchors LC3B-II and induces mitophagy (Sentelle et al., 2012).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Sentelle, R. D., Senkal, C. E., Jiang, W., Ponnusamy, S., Gencer, S., Panneer Selvam, S., Ramshesh, V. K., Peterson, Y. K., Lemasters, J. J., Szulc, Z. M., Bielawski, J., & Ogretmen, B.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Venue
- Nature Chemical Biology
- Published
- 2012-08-26
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 831-838
- ISSN
- 1552-4450 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-4469
- PMC
- PMC3689583
- OpenAlex
- W1981224101
- Cited by
- 539
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 17.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2012-11-26)
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature Chemical Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1c06rr015455-01a1)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (P50AA011605, 1-P50-AA11605)
- National Cancer Institute (CA088932, R01CA088932, CA097165, P30CA138313)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (5P30 DK 34987, P30DK034987)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (DE-016572, R01DE016572)
- National Center for Research Resources (C06 RR-015455)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Keywords
- ceramide, mitophagy, autophagy, LC3B-II, LC3B lipidation, CERS1, autophagic cell death, Drp1, mitochondrial fission, autophagolysosomes, mitochondrial targeting, oxygen consumption, sodium selenite, tumor suppression, cancer cells
- MeSH terms
- Autophagy, Ceramides, Humans, Lipids, Phagosomes, Cell Death, Microscopy, Confocal, Cell Line, Tumor, Mitophagy
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