The growing climate divide
Open accessThe claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Why We Disagree about Climate Change
Hulme, M. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511841200 · Cited by 2,565 · see citing works
McCright, A. M., & Dunlap, R. E. (2011) · The Sociological Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2011.01198.x · Cited by 2,340 · see citing works
The role of social and decision sciences in communicating uncertain climate risks
Pidgeon, N., & Fischhoff, B. (2011) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate1080 · Cited by 680 · see citing works
Education, politics and opinions about climate change evidence for interaction effects
Hamilton, L. C. (2011) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-010-9957-8 · Cited by 628 · see citing works
Fixing the communications failure
Kahan, D. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/463296a · Cited by 602 · see citing works
Malka, A., Krosnick, J. A., & Langer, G. E. (2009) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01220.x · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Psychology's contributions to understanding and addressing global climate change.
Swim, J. K., Stern, P. C., Doherty, T. J., Clayton, S., Reser, J., Weber, E. U., Gifford, R., & Howard, G. S. (2011) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0023220 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Feinberg, M., & Willer, R. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610391911 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Cultural Cognition of Scientific ConsensusPreprint
Kahan, D. M., Jenkins‐Smith, H. C., & Braman, D. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1549444 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Workshop on Sociological Perspectives on Global Climate Change
Nagel, J., Dietz, T. M., & Broadbent, J. P. (2009) · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sanford, V. (2008) · Anthropology News · doi:10.1111/an.2008.49.8.25.2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Meta-analyses of the determinants and outcomes of belief in climate change
Hornsey, M. J., Harris, E. A., Bain, P. G., & Fielding, K. S. (2016) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2943 · Cited by 1,616 · see citing works
Climate change perceptions and their individual-level determinants: A cross-European analysis
Poortinga, W., Whitmarsh, L. E., Steg, L., Böhm, G., & Fisher, S. D. (2019) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.01.007 · Cited by 686 · see citing works
Co-benefits of addressing climate change can motivate action around the world
Bain, P. G., Milfont, T. L., Kashima, Y., Bilewicz, M., Doron, G., Garðarsdóttir, R. B., Gouveia, V. V., Guan, Y., Johansson, L.-O., Pasquali, C., et al. (2016) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2814 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Promoting pro-environmental action in climate change deniers
Bain, P. G., Hornsey, M. J., Bongiorno, R., & Jeffries, C. (2012) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate1532 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Media Representations of Climate Change: A Meta-Analysis of the Research Field
Schäfer, M. S., & Schlichting, I. (2014) · Environmental Communication · doi:10.1080/17524032.2014.914050 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Understanding (and Reducing) Inaction on Climate Change
Hornsey, M. J., & Fielding, K. S. (2019) · Social Issues and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/sipr.12058 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Public division about climate change rooted in conflicting socio-political identities
Bliuc, A.-M., McGarty, C., Thomas, E. F., Lala, G., Berndsen, M., & Misajon, R. (2015) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2507 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Public climate-change skepticism, energy preferences and political participation
Engels, A., Hüther, O., Schäfer, M. S., & Held, H. (2013) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.008 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
York, J. G., Vedula, S., & Lenox, M. J. (2017) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2015.0769 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Public engagement with climate imagery in a changing digital landscape
Wang, S., Corner, A., Chapman, D. A., & Markowitz, E. (2018) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change · doi:10.1002/wcc.509 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Brüggemann, M., & Engesser, S. (2014) · Science Communication · doi:10.1177/1075547014533662 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
The role of social norms on preferences towards climate change policies: A meta-analysis
Allo, M. D., & Loureiro, M. L. (2014) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2014.04.042 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Sterman, J. D., Franck, T., Fiddaman, T. S., Jones, A. P., McCauley, S., Rice, P. M., Sawin, E., Siegel, L., & Rooney‐Varga, J. N. (2014) · Simulation & Gaming · doi:10.1177/1046878113514935 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Partisan asymmetry in temporal stability of climate change beliefs
Jenkins-Smith, H. C., Ripberger, J. T., Silva, C. L., Carlson, D. E., Gupta, K., Carlson, N., Ter-Mkrtchyan, A., & Dunlap, R. E. (2020) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/s41558-020-0719-y · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Topic modeling for frame analysis: A study of media debates on climate change in India and USA
Ylä-Anttila, T., Eranti, V., & Kukkonen, A. (2021) · Global Media and Communication · doi:10.1177/17427665211023984 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
A Model of Climate Belief Profiles: How Much Does It Matter If People Question Human Causation?
Sibley, C. G., & Kurz, T. (2013) · Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy · doi:10.1111/asap.12008 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Democratic Debate and Mediated Discourses on Climate Change: From Consensus to De/politicization
Pepermans, Y., & Maeseele, P. A. (2014) · Environmental Communication · doi:10.1080/17524032.2014.906482 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Hoogendoorn, G., Sütterlin, B., & Siegrist, M. (2020) · Journal of Risk Research · doi:10.1080/13669877.2020.1749114 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Moser, S. C., & Berzonsky, C. L. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139149389.017 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Shealy, T., Klotz, L. E., Godwin, A., Hazari, Z., Potvin, G., Barclay, N., & Cribbs, J. (2017) · Environmental Education Research · doi:10.1080/13504622.2017.1293009 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Bliuc, A., Smith, L. G. E., & Moynihan, T. (2020) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430220942567 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Newell, R., & Dale, A. (2015) · Environmental Communication · doi:10.1080/17524032.2014.993412 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The Climate Decade: Changing Attitudes on Three Continents
Carlsson, F., Kataria, M., Krupnick, A., Lampi, E., Löfgren, Å., Qin, P., Sterner, T., & Yang, X. (2020) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2021.102426 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Stakeholder Engagement for Inclusive Climate Governance: The Case of the City of Turku
Jetoo, S. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11216080 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Sanderson, M. R., Bergtold, J. S., Stamm, J. L. H., Caldas, M. M., Ramsey, S. M., & Aistrup, J. A. (2018) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-018-2283-2 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Finding consensus on indicators for organizational climate capacity in sport
Orr, M. (2021) · Managing Sport and Leisure · doi:10.1080/23750472.2021.1914710 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Fear of COVID-19 reinforces climate change beliefs. Evidence from 28 European countries
Stefkovics, Á., & Hortay, O. (2022) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2022.07.029 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Community-Level Actions that Can Address Ocean Acidification
Cooley, S. R., Ono, C. R., Melcer, S., & Roberson, J. (2016) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2015.00128 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Hornsey, M. J., Fielding, K. S., McStay, R., Reser, J., & Bradley, G. L. (2015) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916515574085 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
How social evaluations shape trust in 45 types of scientists
Gligorić, V., Kleef, G. A. V., & Rutjens, B. T. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0299621 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Not so polycentric: The stratified structure & national drivers of transnational municipal networks
Leffel, B., Derudder, B., Acuto, M., & van der Heijden, J. (2023) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2023.104597 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Ekwurzel, B., Frumhoff, P. C., & McCarthy, J. J. (2011) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0194-6 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Seeing Green: A Perceptual Model of Identity-Based Climate Change Judgments
Hahnel, U. J. J., & Brosch, T. (2016) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2016.1215205 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Alignment of values and political orientations amplifies climate change attitudes and behaviors
Smith, E. K., & Hempel, L. M. (2022) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-022-03348-5 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Climate risk perceptions and demand for flood insurance
Ratnadiwakara, D., & Venugopal, B. G. (2023) · Financial Management · doi:10.1111/fima.12414 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Homanen, M. (2022) · Journal of Banking & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2022.106417 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Engels, A. (2016) · Energy and Emission Control Technologies · doi:10.2147/eect.s63005 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Clark, D., Ranney, M. A., & Felipe, J. (2013) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Social ties and concern for global warming
Itkonen, J. (2015) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-015-1424-0 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Does Climate Change Exposure Matter to Stakeholders? Evidence from the Costs of High Leverage
Ghoul, S. E., Guedhami, O., Kuang, H., & Zheng, Y. (2024) · Review of Corporate Finance · doi:10.1561/114.00000060 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Global Warming” versus “Climate Change” and the Influence of Labeling on Public Perceptions
Schuldt, J. P. (2016) · Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.309 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Climate change 2011: A status report on US policy
Cohen, S., & Miller, A. (2012) · Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists · doi:10.1177/0096340211433007 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Böhm, G., Pfister, H., Salway, A., & Fløttum, K. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01026 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Allison, E. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9376-6_22 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Shealy, T., Godwin, A., & Gardner, H. (2018) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--28891 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Partisan Cueing and Polarization in Public Opinion About Climate Change
Guber, D. L. (2016) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.306 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Motta, M. (2020) · International Journal of Public Opinion Research · doi:10.1093/ijpor/edaa020 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Cultural Dynamics of Climate Change and the Environment in Northern America
Sommer, B. (2015) · BRILL eBooks · doi:10.1163/9789004300712 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Exploring climate change discourses on the internet: a topic modeling study across ten years
Böhm, G., & Pfister, H. (2024) · Journal of Risk Research · doi:10.1080/13669877.2024.2387337 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Wendling, Z. A., Attari, S. Z., Carley, S. R., Krause, R. M., Warren, D. C., Rupp, J. A., & Graham, J. D. (2013) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su5125153 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Tandoc, E. C., Takahashi, B., & Thomas, R. J. (2017) · Journalism Practice · doi:10.1080/17512786.2017.1343095 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ylä-Anttila, T., Eranti, V., & Kukkonen, A. (2018) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/dgc38 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Schuldt, J. P., Pearson, A. R., Lewis, N. A., Jardina, A. E., & Enns, P. K. (2022) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/00027162221086883 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Risk Conflicts Perspective
Maeseele, P. A. (2015) · Bulletin of Science Technology & Society · doi:10.1177/0270467615594938 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cremades, R., & Stella, M. (2022) · Earth System Dynamics · doi:10.5194/esd-13-1473-2022 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Newman‐Norlund, R., Burch, J., & Becofsky, K. M. (2013) · Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science · doi:10.4236/jbbs.2013.34034 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Preparing to adapt: are public expectations in line with climate projections?
Eschliman, C. M., Kuster, E. L., RIPBERGER, J. T., & Wootten, A. (2020) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-020-02830-2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Enhancing Climate Change Education through Links to Agriculture
Pappo, E., Wilson, C., & Flory, S. L. (2022) · The American Biology Teacher · doi:10.1525/abt.2022.84.4.207 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Brechin, S. R. (2012) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate1469 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gong, Y., Wang, S., Li, Y., & Sun, Y. (2023) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-023-01320-5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Climate Change and Conceptual Change
Clark, D. (2013) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Fear of COVID-19 Reinforces Climate Change Beliefs. Evidence From 28 European CountriesPreprint
Hortay, O., & Stefkovics, Á. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-366967/v1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Alignment of values and political orientations amplifies climate change attitudes and behaviorsPreprint
Smith, E. K., & Hempel, L. M. (2021) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/72wfu · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Brown, D. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54392-5_8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Social Representations of Brazilians Regarding the Fires in the Amazon
Rozendo, A. D. S., Giacomozzi, A. I., & Bousfield, A. B. D. S. (2024) · Psicologia Teoria e Pesquisa · doi:10.1590/0102.3772e40505.en · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Social Media Management by Climate Change Organizations for Public Relations
Chawla, Y. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-22759-3_70-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Social Media Management by Climate Change Organizations for Public Relations
Chawla, Y. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57281-5_70 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
(2022) · Earth System Dynamics · doi:10.5194/esd-2021-71-rc1
(2022) · Earth System Dynamics · doi:10.5194/esd-2021-71-rc2
(2022) · Earth System Dynamics · doi:10.5194/esd-2021-71-rc3
Cremades, R. (2022) · Earth System Dynamics · doi:10.5194/esd-2021-71-ac2
Cremades, R. (2022) · Earth System Dynamics · doi:10.5194/esd-2021-71-ac1
Climate Policy Uncertainty and Corporate Cash Holdings: Novel Evidence from Us FirmsPreprint
Gao, J., & Zhang, L. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4657063
Representações Sociais de Brasileiros Sobre as Queimadas na Amazônia
Rozendo, A. D. S., Giacomozzi, A. I., & Bousfield, A. B. D. S. (2024) · Psicologia Teoria e Pesquisa · doi:10.1590/0102.3772e40505.pt
‘Climate cults’ and ‘climate sins’
Grogan, K., & Stickles, E. (2025) · Metaphor and the Social World · doi:10.1075/msw.25017.gro
Sommer, B., Reichherzer, F., & Langer, K. (2026) · GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society · doi:10.14512/gaia.35.2.4
Cognitive Abilities, Personality, and Sustainable Attitudes and Behavior
Lubczyk, T., Bleidorn, W., Hopwood, C. J., & Kretzschmar, A. (2026) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/08902070261486523
Thomas, S. (2015) · The University of Queensland · doi:10.14264/uql.2015.379
- Authors
- Hoffman, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hoffman, Andrew J.
- ORCID
- Hoffman, Andrew J.
- Venue
- Nature Climate Change
- Published
- 2011-06-28
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 195-196
- ISSN
- 1758-678X (ISSN-L)
- 1758-6798
- OpenAlex
- W2043378578
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 18.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Climate Change (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Climate Change Communication and Perception
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Keywords
- climate change, public opinion, political polarization, liberals and conservatives, social consensus, scientific consensus, climate policy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review