High yield exfoliation of two-dimensional chalcogenides using sodium naphthalenide
Open accessAbstract
Transition-metal dichalcogenides like molybdenum disulphide have attracted great interest as two-dimensional materials beyond graphene due to their unique electronic and optical properties. Solution-phase processes can be a viable method for producing printable single-layer chalcogenides. Molybdenum disulphide can be exfoliated into monolayer flakes using organolithium reduction chemistry; unfortunately, the method is hampered by low yield, submicron flake size and long lithiation time. Here we report a high-yield exfoliation process using lithium, potassium and sodium naphthalenide where an intermediate ternary Li(x)MX(n) crystalline phase (X=selenium, sulphur, and so on) is produced. Using a two-step expansion and intercalation method, we produce high-quality single-layer molybdenum disulphide sheets with unprecedentedly large flake size, that is up to 400 μm(2). Single-layer dichalcogenide inks prepared by this method may be directly inkjet-printed on a wide range of substrates.
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The exfoliated MoS2 sheet has an apparent thickness of ∼1.1 nm, identical to similar results from monolayer MoS2 thin sheet by other groups.
“The height profile showed that the exfoliated MoS2 sheet has an apparent thickness of ∼1.1 nm, identical to similar results from monolayer MoS2 thin sheet by other groups.38”
From Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution from Seawater by Biofunctionalized Exfoliated MoS<sub>2</sub> Quantum Dot Aerogel Electrocatalysts That Is Superior to Pt (2019) · cites this paper as [38]
The Morphology characterization section reports an AFM-measured average height around 1 nm for exfoliated MoS₂ sheets and says this agrees with the typical 0.6–1.0 nm height of single-layer MoS₂. It does not report a height of ∼1.1 nm or describe that value as identical to other groups’ results. Page information is unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe exfoliated MoS2 thin sheets have a lateral size at the micrometer scale, about 2 orders of magnitude higher than lithium intercalated methods.
“Figure 1d,e shows that the exfoliated MoS2 thin sheets can be achieved at the micrometer scale in lateral size, which is about 2 orders of magnitude higher than lithium intercalated methods.37,38”
From Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution from Seawater by Biofunctionalized Exfoliated MoS<sub>2</sub> Quantum Dot Aerogel Electrocatalysts That Is Superior to Pt (2019) · cites this paper as [38]
The Morphology characterization section reports micrometer-scale MoS₂ sheets, but says their lateral widths are about 10 times those of flakes produced by n-butyl lithium methods—not about 100 times. It also describes the n-butyl lithium flakes as submicron-sized. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Zheng, J., Zhang, H., Dong, S., Liu, Y., Tai Nai, C., Suk Shin, H., Young Jeong, H., Liu, B., & Ping Loh, K.
- Affiliations
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2014-01-02
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2995-2995
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2022151845
- Cited by
- 787
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 85 · 2017: 83 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 28
- FWCI
- 37.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation (R-144-000-295-281)
- Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (2011-0031630)
- Ministry of Education, India
- Center for Advanced Soft Electronics (2011-0031630)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › 2D Materials and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Graphene research and applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
- Keywords
- MoS2, transition metal dichalcogenides, two-dimensional materials, exfoliation, sodium naphthalenide, intercalation, lithiation, inkjet printing, printable inks, wet chemical synthesis
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