Graphene nanoelectronic heterodyne sensor for rapid and sensitive vapour detection
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Nearly all existing nanoelectronic sensors are based on charge detection, where molecular binding changes the charge density of the sensor and leads to sensing signal. However, intrinsically slow dynamics of interface-trapped charges and defect-mediated charge-transfer processes significantly limit those sensors' response to tens to hundreds of seconds, which has long been known as a bottleneck for studying the dynamics of molecule-nanomaterial interaction and for many applications requiring rapid and sensitive response. Here we report a fundamentally different sensing mechanism based on molecular dipole detection enabled by a pioneering graphene nanoelectronic heterodyne sensor. The dipole detection mechanism is confirmed by a plethora of experiments with vapour molecules of various dipole moments, particularly, with cis- and trans-isomers that have different polarities. Rapid (down to ~0.1 s) and sensitive (down to ~1 ppb) detection of a wide range of vapour analytes is achieved, representing orders of magnitude improvement over state-of-the-art nanoelectronics sensors.
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Kulkarni et al. developed a rapid (down to 0.1 s) and sensitive (down to 1 part per billion) nanoelectric graphene vapor sensor that can continuously monitor a wide range of vapor analytes from breath or the environment.
“Kulkarni et al. developed a rapid (down to 0.1 s) and sensitive (down to 1 part per billion) nanoelectric graphene vapor sensor that can continuously monitor a wide range of vapor analytes (e.g., nitric oxide, oxygen) from breath or the environment to monitor for illness or harmful environmental exposures [150,151].”
From Wearables and the Medical Revolution (2018) · cites this paper as [151]
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- Authors
- Kulkarni, G. S., Reddy, K., Zhong, Z., & Fan, X.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zhong, Zhaohui
- Fan, Xudong
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2014-07-07
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4376-4376
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4235050531
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 10.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1254468, 1120187, CAREER, 1342917)
- University of Michigan
- Division of Materials Research (1120187, DMR 1120187, CAREER)
- Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems (ECCS-1254468, 1254468)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Graphene research and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Keywords
- graphene, vapor sensing, gas sensors, fast response time, cis-trans isomers
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