The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Snapshots of non-equilibrium Dirac carrier distributions in graphene
Open accessAbstract
The optical properties of graphene are made unique by the linear band structure and the vanishing density of states at the Dirac point. It has been proposed that even in the absence of a bandgap, a relaxation bottleneck at the Dirac point may allow for population inversion and lasing at arbitrarily long wavelengths. Furthermore, efficient carrier multiplication by impact ionization has been discussed in the context of light harvesting applications. However, all of these effects are difficult to test quantitatively by measuring the transient optical properties alone, as these only indirectly reflect the energy- and momentum-dependent carrier distributions. Here, we use time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulses to directly probe the non-equilibrium response of Dirac electrons near the K-point of the Brillouin zone. In lightly hole-doped epitaxial graphene samples, we explore excitation in the mid- and near-infrared, both below and above the minimum photon energy for direct interband transitions. Whereas excitation in the mid-infrared results only in heating of the equilibrium carrier distribution, interband excitations give rise to population inversion, suggesting that terahertz lasing may be possible. However, in neither excitation regime do we find any indication of carrier multiplication, questioning the applicability of graphene for light harvesting.
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Cites
Fine Structure Constant Defines Visual Transparency of Graphene
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Atomic‐Layer Graphene as a Saturable Absorber for Ultrafast Pulsed Lasers
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Graphene Mode-Locked Ultrafast Laser
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Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter
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Hot Carrier–Assisted Intrinsic Photoresponse in Graphene
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Collapse of long-range charge order tracked by time-resolved photoemission at high momenta
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Cited by
Photodetectors based on graphene, other two-dimensional materials and hybrid systems
Koppens, F. H. L., Mueller, T., Avouris, P., Ferrari, A. C., Vitiello, M. S., & Polini, M. (2014) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2014.215 · Cited by 3,828
Sentef, M. A., Claassen, M., Kemper, A. F., Moritz, B., Oka, T., Freericks, J. K., & Devereaux, T. P. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms8047 · Cited by 284
Metadata
- Authors
- Gierz, I., Petersen, J. C., Mitrano, M., Cacho, C., Turcu, I. C. E., Springate, E., Stöhr, A., Köhler, A., Starke, U., & Cavalleri, A.
- Venue
- Nature Materials
- Published
- 2013-10-06
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1119-1124
- ISSN
- 1476-1122 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4660
- OpenAlex
- W1998776383
- Cited by
- 485
- References
- 33
- FWCI
- 20.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Gierz, I., Petersen, J. C., Mitrano, M., Cacho, C., Turcu, I. C. E., Springate, E., Stöhr, A., Köhler, A., Starke, U., & Cavalleri, A. (2013). Snapshots of non-equilibrium Dirac carrier distributions in graphene. Nature Materials. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3757
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