Retinal origin of orientation maps in visual cortex.
Open accessAbstract
The orientation map is a hallmark of primary visual cortex in higher mammals. It is not yet known how orientation maps develop, what function they have in visual processing and why some species lack them. Here we advance the notion that quasi-periodic orientation maps are established by moiré interference of regularly spaced ON- and OFF-center retinal ganglion cell mosaics. A key prediction of the theory is that the centers of iso-orientation domains must be arranged in a hexagonal lattice on the cortical surface. Here we show that such a pattern is observed in individuals of four different species: monkeys, cats, tree shrews and ferrets. The proposed mechanism explains how orientation maps can develop without requiring precise patterns of spontaneous activity or molecular guidance. Further, it offers a possible account for the emergence of orientation tuning in single neurons despite the absence of orderly orientation maps in rodents species.
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Cortical neuron representation maps are organized hexagonally.
“Cortical neurons representation maps are organized hexagonally [65]”
From Cytoskeletal signaling: is memory encoded in microtubule lattices by CaMKII phosphorylation? (2012) · cites this paper as [65]
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- Authors
- Paik, S.-B., & Ringach, D. L.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ringach, Dario L
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2011-05-29
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 919-925
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- PMC
- PMC3196663
- OpenAlex
- W2059584584
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 5.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (R01EY018322, EY018322)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- orientation maps, primary visual cortex, retinal ganglion cells, receptive fields, moiré interference, hexagonal lattice, orientation tuning, species differences, visual development, tree shrew, ferrets, monkeys, cats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Haplorhini, Brain Mapping, Cats, Computer Simulation, Ferrets, Models, Biological, Orientation, Periodicity, Photic Stimulation, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Space Perception, Tupaiidae, Visual Cortex, Visual Fields, Visual Pathways, Visual Perception, Models, Statistical
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