The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A route to brightly fluorescent carbon nanotubes for near-infrared imaging in mice
Open accessAbstract
The near-infrared photoluminescence intrinsic to semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes is ideal for biological imaging owing to the low autofluorescence and deep tissue penetration in the near-infrared region beyond 1 microm. However, biocompatible single-walled carbon nanotubes with high quantum yield have been elusive. Here, we show that sonicating single-walled carbon nanotubes with sodium cholate, followed by surfactant exchange to form phospholipid-polyethylene glycol coated nanotubes, produces in vivo imaging agents that are both bright and biocompatible. The exchange procedure is better than directly sonicating the tubes with the phospholipid-polyethylene glycol, because it results in less damage to the nanotubes and improves the quantum yield. We show whole-animal in vivo imaging using an InGaAs camera in the 1-1.7 microm spectral range by detecting the intrinsic near-infrared photoluminescence of the 'exchange' single-walled carbon nanotubes at a low dose (17 mg l(-1) injected dose). The deep tissue penetration and low autofluorescence background allowed high-resolution intravital microscopy imaging of tumour vessels beneath thick skin.
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“Since the pioneering report of high-contrast NIR-II imaging in 2009, the field has witnessed remarkable progress, leading to the emergence of diverse probe materials, including carbon nanotubes44,45, quantum dots46–48, rare-earth-doped nanoparticles49–51, conjugated polymers52, and organic small-molecule dyes53–58.”
From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [44]
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Cites
Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes
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Band Gap Fluorescence from Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
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Self-citationDrug delivery with carbon nanotubes for in vivo cancer treatment
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Self-citationCarbon nanotubes in biology and medicine: In vitro and in vivo detection, imaging and drug delivery
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Self-citationIn vivo biodistribution and highly efficient tumour targeting of carbon nanotubes in mice
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Self-citationSupramolecular Chemistry on Water-Soluble Carbon Nanotubes for Drug Loading and Delivery
Liu, Z., Sun, X., Nakayama-Ratchford, N., & Dai, H. (2007) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn700040t · Cited by 1,369
Self-citationDrug Delivery with Carbon Nanotubes for In vivo Cancer Treatment
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Self-citationCarbon nanotubes as photoacoustic molecular imaging agents in living mice
de la Zerda, A., Zavaleta, C. L., Keren, S., Vaithilingam, S., Bodapati, S., Liu, Z., Levi, J., Smith, B. R., Ma, T.-J., Oralkan, Ö., et al. (2008) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2008.231 · Cited by 1,272
Self-citationIn vivo Biodistribution and Highly Efficient Tumour Targeting of Carbon Nanotubes in Mice
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Highly Photoluminescent Carbon Dots for Multicolor Patterning, Sensors, and Bioimaging
Zhu, S., Meng, Q., Wang, L., Zhang, J., Song, Y., Jin, H., Zhang, K., Sun, H., Wang, H., & Yang, B. J. (2013) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201300519 · Cited by 3,709
Near-infrared fluorophores for biomedical imaging
Hong, G., Antaris, A. L., & Dai, H. (2017) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-016-0010 · Cited by 3,048
Self-citationSecond window for in vivo imaging
Smith, A. M., Mancini, M. C., & Nie, S. (2009) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2009.326 · Cited by 2,848
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Upconversion Nanoparticles: Design, Nanochemistry, and Applications in Theranostics
Chen, G., Qiu, H., Prasad, P. N., & Chen, X. S. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr400425h · Cited by 2,746
Metadata
- Authors
- Welsher, K., Liu, Z., Sherlock, S. P., Robinson, J. T., Chen, Z., Daranciang, D., & Dai, H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Soochow University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Dai, Hongjie
- Venue
- Nature Nanotechnology
- Published
- 2009-10-11
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 773-780
- ISSN
- 1748-3387 (ISSN-L)
- 1748-3395
- PMC
- PMC2834239
- OpenAlex
- W2079625753
- Cited by
- 1,287
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 51 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 98 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 100 · 2021: 106 · 2020: 105 · 2019: 101 · 2018: 89 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 69 · 2013: 88 · 2012: 55
- FWCI
- 26.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Nanotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ca135109-05)
- National Cancer Institute (R01-CA135109)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Keywords
- single-walled carbon nanotubes, near-infrared emission, fluorescent imaging agents, surfactant exchange, biocompatibility, quantum yield, deep tissue penetration, intravital microscopy, whole-animal imaging, InGaAs camera
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Vessels, Fluorescence, Humans, Luminescent Measurements, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Nanotubes, Carbon, Cell Line, Tumor, Mice, Molecular Imaging
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