Whole plant cell wall characterization using solution-state 2D NMR

Lignin Biosynthesis

Boerjan, W., Ralph, J., & Baucher, M. (2003) · Annual Review of Plant Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134938 · Cited by 4,504

Lignin Biosynthesis and Structure

Vanholme, R., Demedts, B., Morreel, K., Ralph, J., & Boerjan, W. (2010) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.110.155119 · Cited by 2,664

Lignins: Natural polymers from oxidative coupling of 4-hydroxyphenyl- propanoids

Ralph, J., Lundquist, K., Brunow, G., Lu, F., Kim, H., Schatz, P. F., Marita, J. M., Hatfield, R. D., Ralph, S. A., Christensen, J. H., et al. (2004) · Phytochemistry Reviews · doi:10.1023/b:phyt.0000047809.65444.a4 · Cited by 1,660

Forage Cell Wall Structure and Digestibility

(1993) · ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Books · doi:10.2134/1993.foragecellwall · Cited by 1,212

Methods of lignin chemistry

(1993) · International Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0020-711x(93)90263-e · Cited by 1,084

Methods in Lignin Chemistry

(1992) · Springer Series in Wood Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-74065-7 · Cited by 1,043

Constitution and Biosynthesis of Lignin

Freudenberg, K., & Neish, A. C. (1968) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-85981-6 · Cited by 832

The origin and evolution of lignin biosynthesis

Weng, J., & Chapple, C. (2010) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03327.x · Cited by 824

Repression of lignin biosynthesis promotes cellulose accumulation and growth in transgenic trees

Hu, W.-J., Harding, S. A., Lung, J., Popko, J. L., Ralph, J., Stokke, D. D., Tsai, C.-J., & Chiang, V. L. (1999) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/11758 · Cited by 795

The Genetics of Lignin Biosynthesis: Connecting Genotype to Phenotype

Bonawitz, N. D., & Chapple, C. (2010) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-102209-163508 · Cited by 769

Characteristics of plant cell walls affecting intake and digestibility of forages by ruminants.

Jung, H. G., & Allen, M. S. (1995) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/1995.7392774x · Cited by 762

Solution-state 2D NMR of ball-milled plant cell wall gels in DMSO-d6/pyridine-d5

Kim, H., & Ralph, J. (2010) · Org. Biomol. Chem. · doi:10.1039/b916070a · Cited by 684

Lignin engineering

VANHOLME, R., MORREEL, K., RALPH, J., & BOERJAN, W. (2008) · Current Opinion in Plant Biology · doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2008.03.005 · Cited by 653

Hydroxycinnamates in lignification

Ralph, J. (2010) · Phytochemistry Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11101-009-9141-9 · Cited by 584

The Effects on Lignin Structure of Overexpression of Ferulate 5-Hydroxylase in Hybrid Poplar1

Stewart, J. J., Akiyama, T., Chapple, C., Ralph, J., & Mansfield, S. D. (2009) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.109.137059 · Cited by 425

Improvement of biomass through lignin modification

Li, X., Weng, J., & Chapple, C. (2008) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03457.x · Cited by 423

A semi‐micro method for the determination of lignin and its use in predicting the digestibility of forage crops

Morrison, I. M. (1972) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740230405 · Cited by 423

Downregulation of Cinnamoyl-Coenzyme A Reductase in Poplar: Multiple-Level Phenotyping Reveals Effects on Cell Wall Polymer Metabolism and Structure

Leplé, J.-C., Dauwe, R., Morreel, K., Storme, V., Lapierre, C., Pollet, B., Naumann, A., Kang, K.-Y., Kim, H., Ruel, K., et al. (2007) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.107.054148 · Cited by 403

Non‐degradative dissolution and acetylation of ball‐milled plant cell walls: high‐resolution solution‐state NMR

Lu, F., & Ralph, J. (2003) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01817.x · Cited by 343

Lignin Composition and Structure in Young versus Adult Eucalyptus globulus Plants

Rencoret, J., Gutiérrez, A., Nieto, L., Jiménez-Barbero, J., Faulds, C. B., Kim, H., Ralph, J., Martínez, Á. T., & del Río, J. C. (2011) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.110.167254 · Cited by 315

Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC Method), a New Method for Lignin Analysis: Protocol for Analysis of DFRC Monomers

Lu, F., & Ralph, J. (1997) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf970258h · Cited by 311

Solution-state 2D NMR of Ball-milled Plant Cell Wall Gels in DMSO-d 6

Kim, H., Ralph, J., & Akiyama, T. (2008) · BioEnergy Research · doi:10.1007/s12155-008-9004-z · Cited by 307

Peroxidase-dependent cross-linking reactions of p-hydroxycinnamates in plant cell walls

Ralph, J., Bunzel, M., Marita, J. M., Hatfield, R. D., Lu, F., Kim, H., Schatz, P. F., Grabber, J. H., & Steinhart, H. (2004) · Phytochemistry Reviews · doi:10.1023/b:phyt.0000047811.13837.fb · Cited by 284

Extraction and Isolation of Lignin for Utilization as a Standard to Determine Lignin Concentration Using the Acetyl Bromide Spectrophotometric Method

Fukushima, R. S., & Hatfield, R. D. (2001) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf010449r · Cited by 271

Quantitative 2D HSQC (Q-HSQC) via Suppression of J-Dependence of Polarization Transfer in NMR Spectroscopy: Application to Wood Lignin

Heikkinen, S., Toikka, M. M., Karhunen, P. T., & Kilpeläinen, I. A. (2003) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja029035k · Cited by 270

Advances in modifying lignin for enhanced biofuel production

Simmons, B. A., Loqué, D., & Ralph, J. (2010) · Current Opinion in Plant Biology · doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2010.03.001 · Cited by 250

Quantitative 2D HSQC NMR determination of polymer structures by selecting suitable internal standard references

Zhang, L., & Gellerstedt, G. (2007) · Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry · doi:10.1002/mrc.1914 · Cited by 248

Effects of Coumarate 3-Hydroxylase Down-regulation on Lignin Structure

Ralph, J., Akiyama, T., Kim, H., Lu, F., Schatz, P. F., Marita, J. M., Ralph, S. A., Reddy, M. S. S., Chen, F., & Dixon, R. A. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m511598200 · Cited by 243

Forage Lignins and Their Effects on Fiber Digestibility

Jung, H. G. (1989) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.2134/agronj1989.00021962008100010006x · Cited by 242

Elucidation of new structures in lignins of CAD- and COMT-deficient plants by NMR

Ralph, J., Lapierre, C., Marita, J. M., Kim, H., Lu, F., Hatfield, R. D., Ralph, S., Chapple, C., Franke, R., Hemm, M. R., et al. (2001) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00109-1 · Cited by 232

Comparison of the Acetyl Bromide Spectrophotometric Method with Other Analytical Lignin Methods for Determining Lignin Concentration in Forage Samples

Fukushima, R. S., & Hatfield, R. D. (2004) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf035497l · Cited by 231

A new Arabidopsis thaliana mutant deficient in the expression of O-methyltransferase impacts lignins and sinapoyl esters

Goujon, T., Sibout, R., Pollet, B., Maba, B., Nussaume, L., Bechtold, N., Lu, F., Ralph, J., Mila, I., Barrière, Y., et al. (2003) · Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1023/a:1023022825098 · Cited by 219

Thioacidolysis

Rolando, C., Monties, B., & Lapierre, C. (1992) · Springer Series in Wood Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-74065-7_23 · Cited by 191

NMR of Lignins

Ralph, J., & Landucci, L. (2010) · Lignin and Lignans · doi:10.1201/ebk1574444865-c5 · Cited by 189

DFRC Method for Lignin Analysis. 1. New Method for β-Aryl Ether Cleavage: Lignin Model Studies

Lu, F., & Ralph, J. (1997) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf970539p · Cited by 185

Rapid analysis of poplar lignin monomer composition by a streamlined thioacidolysis procedure and near‐infrared reflectance‐based prediction modeling

Robinson, A. R., & Mansfield, S. D. (2009) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2009.03808.x · Cited by 185

NMR characterization of lignins in Arabidopsis altered in the activity of ferulate 5-hydroxylase

Marita, J. M., Ralph, J., Hatfield, R. D., & Chapple, C. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.22.12328 · Cited by 177

Characterization of nonderivatized plant cell walls using high‐resolution solution‐state NMR spectroscopy

Yelle, D. J., Ralph, J., & Frihart, C. R. (2008) · Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry · doi:10.1002/mrc.2201 · Cited by 175

Loosening lignin's grip on biofuel production

Chapple, C., Ladisch, M., & Meilan, R. (2007) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0707-746 · Cited by 169

Exploring lignification in conifers by silencing hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:shikimate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase in Pinus radiata

Wagner, A., Ralph, J., Akiyama, T., Flint, H., Phillips, L., Torr, K., Nanayakkara, B., & Te Kiri, L. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0701428104 · Cited by 167

Lignification: are Lignins Biosynthesized via simple Combinatorial Chemistry or via Proteinaceous Control and Template Replication?

Ralph, J., Brunow, G., Harris, P. J., et al. (2008) · doi:10.1002/9781444302400.ch2 · Cited by 156

Convergent Evolution of Syringyl Lignin Biosynthesis via Distinct Pathways in the Lycophyte Selaginella and Flowering Plants

Weng, J., Akiyama, T., Bonawitz, N. D., Li, X., Ralph, J., & Chapple, C. C. S. (2010) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.109.073528 · Cited by 152

Variations in the Cell Wall Composition of Maize brown midrib Mutants

Marita, J. M., Vermerris, W., Ralph, J., & Hatfield, R. D. (2003) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf0260592 · Cited by 151

Multidimensional NMR analysis reveals truncated lignin structures in wood decayed by the brown rot basidiomycete Postia placenta

Yelle, D. J., Wei, D., Ralph, J., & Hammel, K. E. (2011) · Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02417.x · Cited by 147

Application of New Methods for the Investigation of Lignin Structure

Lapierre, C. (1993) · ASSA, CSSA and SSSA · doi:10.2134/1993.foragecellwall.c6 · Cited by 147

Identification of the structure and origin of a thioacidolysis marker compound for ferulic acid incorporation into angiosperm lignins (and an indicator for cinnamoyl CoA reductase deficiency)

Ralph, J., Kim, H., Lu, F., et al. (2007) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03345.x · Cited by 137

Improvements in the acetyl bromide technique to determine lignin and digestibility and its application to legumes

Morrison, I. M. (1972) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740231211 · Cited by 136

Engineering traditional monolignols out of lignin by concomitant up-regulation of F5H1 and down-regulation of COMT in Arabidopsis

Vanholme, R., Ralph, J., Akiyama, T., et al. (2010) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04353.x · Cited by 131

Solution state NMR of lignins

Ralph, J., Marita, J. M., Ralph, S. A., Hatfield, R. D., Lu, F., Ede, R. M., Peng, J., & Landucci, L. L. (1999) · Cited by 124

Grass lignin acylation: p-coumaroyl transferase activity and cell wall characteristics of C3 and C4 grasses

Hatfield, R. D., Marita, J. M., Frost, K. E., Grabber, J. H., Ralph, J., Lu, F., & Kim, H. (2009) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s00425-009-0900-z · Cited by 117

Cell Wall Cross-Linking in Grasses by Ferulates and Diferulates

Ralph, J., Hatfield, R. D., Grabber, J. H., Jung, H. G., Quideau, S., & Helm, R. F. (1998) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-1998-0697.ch016 · Cited by 116

NMR of lignins

Ralph, J., & Landucci, L. L. (2010) · Cited by 114

Identification of Lignin and Polysaccharide Modifications in Populus Wood by Chemometric Analysis of 2D NMR Spectra from Dissolved Cell Walls

Hedenström, M., Wiklund-Lindström, S., Öman, T., Lu, F., Gerber, L., Schatz, P. F., Sundberg, B., & Ralph, J. (2009) · Molecular Plant · doi:10.1093/mp/ssp047 · Cited by 112

Compensation of refocusing inefficiency with synchronized inversion sweep (CRISIS) in multiplicity-edited HSQC

Boyer, R. D., Johnson, R. A., & Krishnamurthy, K. (2003) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance · doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2003.08.009 · Cited by 111

NMR Characterization of Lignins Isolated from Fruit and Vegetable Insoluble Dietary Fiber

Bunzel, M., & Ralph, J. (2006) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf061525z · Cited by 93

Compensation for Spin–Spin Coupling Effects during Adiabatic Pulses

Kupče, Ē., & Freeman, R. (1997) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance · doi:10.1006/jmre.1997.1193 · Cited by 91

Effects on Lignin Structure of Coumarate 3-Hydroxylase Downregulation in Poplar

Ralph, J., Akiyama, T., Coleman, H. D., & Mansfield, S. D. (2012) · BioEnergy Research · doi:10.1007/s12155-012-9218-y · Cited by 89

Solutions for dissolution—engineering cell walls for deconstruction

Mansfield, S. D. (2009) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2009.05.001 · Cited by 80

Oxidation of Hardwood Kraft-Lignin to Phenolic Derivatives. Nitrobenzene and Copper Oxide as Oxidants

Villar, J. C., Caperos, A., & García‐Ochoa, F. (1997) · Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology · doi:10.1080/02773819708003131 · Cited by 78

Independent Recruitment of an O-Methyltransferase for Syringyl Lignin Biosynthesis in Selaginella moellendorffii

Weng, J., Akiyama, T., Ralph, J., & Chapple, C. C. S. (2011) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.110.081547 · Cited by 66

The influence of lignin chemistry and ultrastructure on the pulping efficiency of clonal aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.)

Stewart, J. J., Kadla, J. F., & Mansfield, S. D. (2006) · Holzforschung · doi:10.1515/hf.2006.019 · Cited by 55

Solution-State NMR of Lignocellulosic Biomass

Lu, F., & Ralph, J. (2011) · Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy · doi:10.1166/jbmb.2011.1131 · Cited by 55

Characterization of p ‐coumarate accumulation, p ‐coumaroyl transferase, and cell wall changes during the development of corn stems

Hatfield, R. D., Marita, J. M., & Frost, K. E. (2008) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.3376 · Cited by 42

Microscale alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation method for high-throughput determination of lignin aromatic components

Yamamura, M., Hattori, T., 鈴木史朗, Shibata, D., & Umezawa, T. (2010) · Plant Biotechnology · doi:10.5511/plantbiotechnology.27.305 · Cited by 37

Efficient Ether Cleavage in Lignins: The Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage Procedure as a Basis for New Analytical Methods

Lu, F., & Ralph, J. (1998) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-1998-0697.ch020 · Cited by 14

Catalytic Transformation of Lignin for the Production of Chemicals and Fuels

Li, C., Zhao, X., Wang, A., Huber, G. W., & Zhang, T. (2015) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00155 · Cited by 2,951

Guidelines for performing lignin-first biorefining

Abu-Omar, M. M., Barta, K., Beckham, G. T., Luterbacher, J. S., Ralph, J., Rinaldi, R., Román-Leshkov, Y., Samec, J. S. M., Sels, B. F., & Wang, F. (2021) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d0ee02870c · Cited by 913

New insights into the structure and composition of technical lignins: a comparative characterisation study

Constant, S., Wienk, H. L. J., Frissen, A. E., Peinder, P. D., Boelens, R., van Es, D. S., Grisel, R. J. H., Weckhuysen, B. M., Huijgen, W. J. J., Gosselink, R. J. A., et al. (2016) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c5gc03043a · Cited by 893

Determining the polysaccharide composition of plant cell walls

Pettolino, F. A., Walsh, C., Fincher, G. B., & Bacic, A. (2012) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2012.081 · Cited by 771

Solar energy-driven lignin-first approach to full utilization of lignocellulosic biomass under mild conditions

Wu, X., Fan, X., Xie, S., Lin, J., Cheng, J., Zhang, Q., Chen, L., & Wang, Y. (2018) · Nature Catalysis · doi:10.1038/s41929-018-0148-8 · Cited by 649