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Targeted and armed oncolytic poxviruses: a novel multi-mechanistic therapeutic class for cancer
Abstract
Viruses have been engineered for cancer therapy in a variety of ways. Approaches include non-replicating gene therapy vectors, cancer vaccines and oncolytic viruses, but the clinical efficacy of these approaches has been limited by multiple factors. However, a new therapeutic class of oncolytic poxviruses has recently been developed that combines targeted and armed approaches for treating cancer. Initial preclinical and clinical results show that products from this therapeutic class can systemically target cancers in a highly selective and potent fashion using a multi-pronged mechanism of action.
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“Moreover, oncolytic viruses can be armed with vectors that encode for pro-inflammatory or anti-immunosuppressive transgenes, thereby in theory promoting both the immunogenicity of the tumour cells and intratumoral inflammation.128”
From Current and emerging concepts for systemic treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (2025) · cites this paper as [128]
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“7 JX-594 (pexastimogene devacirepvec, Pexa-vec) is an oncolytic vaccinia virus that is engineered to express an immune-activating transgene, GM-CSF, and that has the viral thymidine kinase gene disrupted (26,27).”
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“Prior non-systemic therapies – n (%) Surgical resection 33 (38) 17 (40) TACE 49 (57) 27 (63) RFA 16 (19) 9 (21) Radiation Therapy 19 (22) 6 (14) Macroscopic vascular invasion – n (%) 20 (23) 10 (23) Tumor burden (SLD) in the liver (mm), Median (Range) 105 (15–257) 102 (34–314) e1615817-4 M.”
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“Similarly, a pox virus that shows tumorspecific replication (in clinical trials) based on targeting multiple mechanisms [35] was rationally constructed by simple genetic engineering, involving viral thymidine kinase gene inactivation and expression of a human transgene for granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating fac…”
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Oncolytic Viruses in the Treatment of Cancer: A Review of Current Strategies
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“WR is a Wyeth strain vaccinia virus isolated through serial passage in mice to select for replication in mouse cells (34).”
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BackgroundDNA-PK Is Targeted by Multiple Vaccinia Virus Proteins to Inhibit DNA Sensing
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“Oncolytic poxviruses, such as vaccinia virus and myxoma virus (MYXV), are promising new instruments in targeting human cancer.(2, 3) MYXV’s natural host tropism is highly restricted to European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), and it is nonpathogenic for all other”
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“Recently, vaccinia viruses (VACV)havebeen evaluated for their oncolytic potential (20, 21).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kirn, D. H., & Thorne, S. H.
- ORCID
- Kirn, David H.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Cancer
- Published
- 2009-01
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 64-71
- ISSN
- 1474-175X (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1768
- OpenAlex
- W2079647238
- Cited by
- 402
- References
- 134
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 2.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Cancer (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Virus-based gene therapy research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Bacterial Cancer Therapy
- Keywords
- vaccinia virus, cancer gene therapy, cancer vaccines, viral vectors
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Forecasting, Humans, Immunity, Cellular, Inflammation, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasms, Poxviridae, Vaccinia virus, Virus Replication, Gene Expression Regulation, Viral, Cancer Vaccines, Oncolytic Virotherapy, Oncolytic Viruses, Mice, Host-Pathogen Interactions
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