Thyroid nodule guidelines: agreement, disagreement and need for future research

Paschke, Ralf; Hegedüs, Laszlo; Alexander, Erik; Valcavi, Roberto; Papini, Enrico; Gharib, Hossein

doi:10.1038/nrendo.2011.1

Cited by 184Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and TreatmentThyroid and Parathyroid SurgeryThyroid Disorders and Treatments

Thyroid nodule guidelines: agreement, disagreement and need for future research

Paschke, Ralf, Hegedüs, Laszlo, Alexander, Erik, Valcavi, Roberto, Papini, Enrico, Gharib, Hossein·2011·Nature Reviews Endocrinology

DOI 10.1038/nrendo.2011.1

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Abstract

This article reviews agreement, disagreement and need for future research of the thyroid nodule guidelines published by the British Thyroid Association, National Cancer Institute, American Thyroid Association and the joint, transatlantic effort of three large societies, the American Society of Clinical Endocrinologists, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi and the European Thyroid Association, published in 2010. Consensus exists for most topics in the various guidelines. A few areas of disagreement, such as the use of scintigraphy, are mostly due to differences in disease prevalence in different countries. Most of the discordance, for example, on the use of calcitonin screening or fine-needle aspiration cytology classification, could probably be resolved by further expert discussions, as the basis is the same published evidence. Importantly, owing to a current lack of evidence in many areas, clinically very relevant areas of uncertainty need to be addressed by further research. This situation applies, for instance, to better definition of ultrasound malignancy criteria and the evaluation of emerging new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, including molecular markers. For clinicians who advise individual patients, these areas of uncertainty can currently only be resolved by sound management on the basis of clinical judgment, experience and patient preference.

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“Ultrasonography with colour flow Doppler provides relevant information on thyroid size, echogenicity, presence/absence of nodules and vascularization [15,26] .”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [15]

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Long-Term Endocrine and Metabolic Consequences of Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review
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Prospective Study of Effectiveness of Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation Versus Control Group in Patients Affected by Benign Thyroid Nodules
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Balancing the benefits and harms of thyroid cancer surveillance in survivors of Childhood, adolescent and young adult cancer: Recommendations from the international Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group in collaboration with the PanCareSurFup Consortium
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MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in Thyroid Carcinoma
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The advent of ultrasound-guided ablation techniques in nodular thyroid disease: Towards a patient-tailored approach
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The EANM guideline on radioiodine therapy of benign thyroid disease
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Shear wave elastography versus real-time elastography on evaluation thyroid nodules: A preliminary study
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Laser, radiofrequency, and ethanol ablation for the management of thyroid nodules
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Comparative analysis of diagnostic performance, feasibility and cost of different test-methods for thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology
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Role of isotope scan, including positron emission tomography/computed tomography, in nodular goitre
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Shear wave elastography combined with the thyroid imaging reporting and data system for malignancy risk stratification in thyroid nodules
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A Model to Discriminate Malignant from Benign Thyroid Nodules Using Artificial Neural Network
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Evaluation of efficacy, safety, pain perception and health-related quality of life of percutaneous ethanol injection as first-line treatment in symptomatic thyroid cysts
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Correlation of Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System [TI-RADS] and fine needle aspiration: experience in 1,000 nodules
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Metastatic thyroid tumors: ultrasonographic features, prognostic factors and outcomes in 29 cases
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The role of radioiodine therapy in benign nodular goitre
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Features and trends of thyroid cancer in patients with thyroidectomies in Beijing, China between 1994 and 2015: a retrospective study
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Thyroglobulin measurements in fine‐needle aspiration cytology of lymph nodes for the detection of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma
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Clasificación TI-RADS de los nódulos tiroideos en base a una escala de puntuación modificada con respecto a los criterios ecográficos de malignidad
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Influence of Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Papillary Thyroid Cancer on Serum Calcitonin Levels
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Have 2006 ATA Practice Guidelines Affected the Treatment of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in the United States?
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Molecular Biomarkers in Thyroid FNA Samples
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High Prevalence of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma in Danish Patients: A Prospective Study of 854 Consecutive Patients with a Cold Thyroid Nodule Undergoing Fine-Needle Aspiration
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Long‐Term Efficacy of Ultrasound‐Guided Percutaneous Laser Ablation for Low‐Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: A 5‐Year Follow‐Up Study
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Evaluation and Management of Thyroid Nodules: A Joint Consensus Statement From the British Thyroid Association (BTA), British Association of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgeons (BAETS) and Collaborating Bodies
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Authors: Paschke, R., Hegedüs, L., Alexander, E., Valcavi, R., Papini, E., & Gharib, H.
Affiliations: Leipzig University (DE)
Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Santa Maria Nuova Hospital (IT)
Ospedale Regina Apostolorum (IT)
Mayo Clinic (US)
Corresponding author: Paschke, Ralf
ORCID: Paschke, Ralf
Alexander, Erik
Valcavi, Roberto
Papini, Enrico
Venue: Nature Reviews Endocrinology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2011-03-01
Volume: 7
Issue: 6
Pages: 354-361
ISSN: 1759-5029 (ISSN-L)
1759-5037
DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2011.1
OpenAlex: W1971484806
Cited by: 184
References: 66
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 3.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Reviews Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Keywords: thyroid nodules, thyroid scintigraphy, calcitonin screening, fine needle aspiration cytology, molecular markers, thyroid cancer diagnosis
MeSH terms: Forecasting, Health Services Needs and Demand, Humans, Ultrasonography, Thyroid Nodule, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Consensus, Dissent and Disputes, Biomedical Research, Biopsy, Fine-Needle

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Thyroid nodule guidelines: agreement, disagreement and need for future research

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