The DOI matches its Crossref record; 89 of the 89 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Fitness and its role in evolutionary genetics
Open accessAbstract
Although the operation of natural selection requires that genotypes differ in fitness, some geneticists may find it easier to understand natural selection than fitness. Partly this reflects the fact that the word 'fitness' has been used to mean subtly different things. In this Review I distinguish among these meanings (for example, individual fitness, absolute fitness and relative fitness) and explain how evolutionary geneticists use fitness to predict changes in the genetic composition of populations through time. I also review the empirical study of fitness, emphasizing approaches that take advantage of recent genetic and genomic data, and I highlight important unresolved problems in understanding fitness.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Introduction to Quantitative Genetics.
Edwards, A. W. F., & Falconer, D. S. (1982) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2529912 · Cited by 21,447
The genetical theory of natural selection
Fisher, R. A. (1930) · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.27468 · Cited by 17,617
EVOLUTION IN MENDELIAN POPULATIONS
Wright, S. (1931) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/16.2.97 · Cited by 8,916
The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution
Kauffman, S. A. (1993) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195079517.001.0001 · Cited by 7,855
An introduction to population genetics theory
Crow, J. F., & Kimura, M. (1970) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,223
Genetics and the Origin of Species
(1952) · AIBS Bulletin · doi:10.1093/aibsbulletin/2.2.14-b · Cited by 3,935
THE GENETIC BASIS OF EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE
Felsenstein, J. (1975) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1975.tb00851.x · Cited by 3,912
An Introduction to Population Genetics Theory
J., A., Crow, J. F., & Kimura, M. (1971) · Population (French Edition) · doi:10.2307/1529706 · Cited by 3,474
Adaptive protein evolution at the Adh locus in Drosophila
McDonald, J. H., & Kreitman, M. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/351652a0 · Cited by 3,283
PRICE, G. R. (1970) · Nature · doi:10.1038/227520a0 · Cited by 1,964
Cited by
Quasispecies Theory and the Behavior of RNA Viruses
Lauring, A. S., & Andino, R. (2010) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1001005 · Cited by 846
Competitive and cooperative metabolic interactions in bacterial communities
Freilich, S., Zarecki, R., Eilam, O., Segal, E. S., Henry, C. S., Kupiec, M., Gophna, U., Sharan, R., & Ruppin, E. (2011) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms1597 · Cited by 566
Currin, A., Swainston, N., Day, P. J., & Kell, D. B. (2015) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c4cs00351a · Cited by 388
Bet Hedging in Yeast by Heterogeneous, Age-Correlated Expression of a Stress Protectant
Levy, S. F., Ziv, N., & Siegal, M. L. (2012) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001325 · Cited by 371
Role of Multicellular Aggregates in Biofilm Formation
Kragh, K. N., Hutchison, J. B., Melaugh, G., Rodesney, C., Roberts, A. E. L., Irie, Y., Jensen, P. Ø., Diggle, S. P., Allen, R. J., Gordon, V., et al. (2016) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00237-16 · Cited by 350
Metadata
- Authors
- Orr, H. A.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Genetics
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 531-539
- ISSN
- 1471-0056 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0064
- OpenAlex
- W2169436065
- Cited by
- 695
- References
- 89
- FWCI
- 2.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Fitness and its role in evolutionary genetics. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/nrg2603
- The paper
- Orr, H. A. (2009). Fitness and its role in evolutionary genetics. Nature Reviews Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2603
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
