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Cited by 384T-cell and B-cell ImmunologyIL-33, ST2, and ILC PathwaysPsoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis

The development and in vivo function of T helper 9 cells

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Kaplan, Mark H., Hufford, Matthew M., Olson, Matthew R.·2015·Nature Reviews Immunology
DOI 10.1038/nri3824PMC PMC4445728
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Abstract

The specialized cytokine secretion profiles of T helper (TH) cells are the basis for a focused and efficient immune response. On the twentieth anniversary of the first descriptions of the cytokine signals that promote the differentiation of interleukin-9 (IL-9)-secreting T cells, this Review focuses on the extracellular signals and the transcription factors that promote the development of what we now term TH9 cells, which are characterized by the production of this cytokine. We summarize our current understanding of the contribution of TH9 cells to both effective immunity and immunopathological disease, and we propose that TH9 cells could be targeted for the treatment of allergic and autoimmune disease.

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  • In Th9 cells, IL-9 gene expression is regulated by TGFβ, IL-4, and IL-33 and transcription factors like PU.1, STAT6, GATA3, and IRF4.

    “In these cells, IL-9 gene expression is regulated by the cytokines TGFβ, IL-4, and IL-33 and transcription factors like PU.1, STAT6, GATA3, and IRF4.19–22”

    From PU.1-driven Th9 Cells Promote Colorectal Cancer in Experimental Colitis Models Through Il-6 Effects in Intestinal Epithelial Cells (2022) · cites this paper as [22]

    The Regulation of TH9 cell development section describes TGFβ and IL-4 signalling and roles for PU.1, STAT6, GATA3 and IRF4 in TH9-cell development or IL-9 production. The copy does not establish IL-33 as a regulator of IL-9 gene expression in TH9 cells; IL-33 appears in the References as the subject of a study on IL-9 production in human CD4+ T cells and basophils. Page numbers are unavailable in the indexed copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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Authors
Kaplan, M. H., Hufford, M. M., & Olson, M. R.
Affiliations
Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
Corresponding author
Kaplan, Mark H.
ORCID
Venue
Nature Reviews Immunology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2015-04-07
Volume
15
Issue
5
Pages
295-307
ISSN
  • 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
  • 1474-1741
DOI
10.1038/nri3824
PMC
PMC4445728
OpenAlex
W2080152737
Cited by
384
References
11
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 1
FWCI
5.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
  • PMC
Funders
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI060519, AI057459, R01AI057459, T32AI060519)
  • National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (T32AR062495, AR062495)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
Keywords
IL-9, transcription factors, cytokine signaling, allergic asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, immunopathology, autoimmune disease, therapeutic targeting
MeSH terms
Cell Differentiation, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, Humans, Transcription Factors, Signal Transduction, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Cytokines, Interleukin-9

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