The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Protein engineering 20 years on
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Replacing the complementarity-determining regions in a human antibody with those from a mouse
Jones, P. T., Dear, P. H., Foote, J., Neuberger, M. S., & Winter, G. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/321522a0 · Cited by 1,406
Complete mutagenesis of the HIV-1 protease
Loeb, D. D., Swanstrom, R., Everitt, L., Manchester, M., Stamper, S. E., & Hutchison, C. A. (1989) · Nature · doi:10.1038/340397a0 · Cited by 327
Cited by
Protein Therapeutics: A Summary and Pharmacological Classification
Leader, B., Baca, Q. J., & Golan, D. E. (2008) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2399 · Cited by 2,161
Enzymes as Working or Inspirational Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells and Electrolysis
Cracknell, J. A., Vincent, K. A., & Armstrong, F. A. (2008) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr0680639 · Cited by 988
Shear-thinning hydrogels for biomedical applications
Guvendiren, M., Lu, H. D., & Burdick, J. A. (2012) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c1sm06513k · Cited by 911
Posttranslational mutagenesis: A chemical strategy for exploring protein side-chain diversity
Wright, T. H., Bower, B. J., Chalker, J. M., Bernardes, G. J. L., Wiewiora, R., Ng, W.-L., Raj, R., Faulkner, S., Vallée, M. R. J., Phanumartwiwath, A., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aag1465 · Cited by 317
Evolutionary innovations and the organization of protein functions in genotype space
Ferrada, E., & Wagner, A. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014172 · Cited by 51
Metadata
- Authors
- Brannigan, J. A., & Wilkinson, A. J.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
- Published
- 2002-12
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 964-970
- ISSN
- 1471-0072 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0080
- OpenAlex
- W1992170964
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 0.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Protein engineering 20 years on. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/nrm975
- The paper
- Brannigan, J. A., & Wilkinson, A. J. (2002). Protein engineering 20 years on. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm975
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
