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A field guide to bacterial swarming motility

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Kearns, Daniel B.·2010·Nature Reviews Microbiology
DOI 10.1038/nrmicro2405PMC PMC3135019
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Abstract

How bacteria regulate, assemble and rotate flagella to swim in liquid media is reasonably well understood. Much less is known about how some bacteria use flagella to move over the tops of solid surfaces in a form of movement called swarming. The focus of bacteriology is changing from planktonic to surface environments, and so interest in swarming motility is on the rise. Here, I review the requirements that define swarming motility in diverse bacterial model systems, including an increase in the number of flagella per cell, the secretion of a surfactant to reduce surface tension and allow spreading, and movement in multicellular groups rather than as individuals.

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  • It is difficult to monitor or capture living bacteria, which are small and move by swimming, swarming, gliding, and twitching in solution.

    “However, it is difficult to monitor or capture living bacteria, which are small and move by swimming, swarming, gliding, and twitching in solution14.”

    From Label-Free Detection of Single Living Bacteria via Electrochemical Collision Event (2016) · cites this paper as [14]

    The paper’s section on studying swarming motility in the laboratory says swarming occurs over a solid surface and distinguishes it from swimming in water. That contradicts the claim that all four forms of movement occur in solution. The passages found also do not say that living bacteria are difficult to monitor or capture because they are small. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Authors
Kearns, D. B.
Affiliations
Indiana University Bloomington (US)
Corresponding author
Kearns, Daniel B.
ORCID
Kearns, Daniel B.
Venue
Nature Reviews Microbiology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2010-08-09
Volume
8
Issue
9
Pages
634-644
ISSN
  • 1740-1526 (ISSN-L)
  • 1740-1534
DOI
10.1038/nrmicro2405
PMC
PMC3135019
OpenAlex
W1978436399
Cited by
1,483
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 75 · 2025: 109 · 2024: 135 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 142 · 2021: 118 · 2020: 136 · 2019: 121 · 2018: 82 · 2017: 95 · 2016: 87 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 62 · 2013: 57 · 2012: 37
FWCI
3.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Microbiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-093030, R01GM093030)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Condensed Matter Physics › Micro and Nano Robotics
Keywords
flagella, flagellar assembly, flagellar rotation, surfactant secretion, surface tension, bacterial motility
MeSH terms
Bacteria, Flagella, Movement, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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