The DOI matches its Crossref record; 190 of the 190 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The psychosis spectrum in Parkinson disease
Open accessAbstract
In 2007, the clinical and research profile of illusions, hallucinations, delusions and related symptoms in Parkinson disease (PD) was raised with the publication of a consensus definition of PD psychosis. Symptoms that were previously deemed benign and clinically insignificant were incorporated into a continuum of severity, leading to the rapid expansion of literature focusing on clinical aspects, mechanisms and treatment. Here, we review this literature and the evolving view of PD psychosis. Key topics include the prospective risk of dementia in individuals with PD psychosis, and the causal and modifying effects of PD medication. We discuss recent developments, including recognition of an increase in the prevalence of psychosis with disease duration, addition of new visual symptoms to the psychosis continuum, and identification of frontal executive, visual perceptual and memory dysfunction at different disease stages. In addition, we highlight novel risk factors - for example, autonomic dysfunction - that have emerged from prospective studies, structural MRI evidence of frontal, parietal, occipital and hippocampal involvement, and approval of pimavanserin for the treatment of PD psychosis. The accumulating evidence raises novel questions and directions for future research to explore the clinical management and biomarker potential of PD psychosis.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“people with PD can experience a wide range of psychological difficulties, including anxiety, depression, apathy, impulse control disorders, and more rarely psychosis (ffytche et al., 2017; Simpson, McMillan, & Reeve, 2013).”
From Psychological interventions for people with Parkinson's disease in the early 2020s: Where do we stand? (2021) · cites this paper as ffytche et al., 2017
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This is consistent with reports of PD-VH declining cognitively more rapidly2 and showing possible subclinical cognitive variations early on in their VH4.”
From Deviations in effective connectivity explain different hallucination subtypes in Parkinson's disease psychosis (2026) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Although these can fluctuate over the course of the condition, they generally tend to increase over time (ffytche et al., 2017).”
From Psychological interventions for people with Parkinson's disease in the early 2020s: Where do we stand? (2021) · cites this paper as ffytche et al., 2017
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Impaired cardiovascular autonomic function in Parkinson's disease with visual hallucinations
Oka, H., Yoshioka, M., Onouchi, K., Morita, M., Mochio, S., Suzuki, M., Hirai, T., Urashima, M., & Inoue, K. (2007) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.21581 · Cited by 21
RetractedStaging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease
Braak, H., Tredici, K. D., Rüb, U., de Vos, R. A. I., Jansen Steur, E. N. H., & Braak, E. (2003) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(02)00065-9 · Cited by 10,777
Prevalence and Characteristics of Dementia in Parkinson Disease
Aarsland, D., Andersen, K., Larsen, J. O., & Lolk, A. (2003) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.60.3.387 · Cited by 1,403
Self-citationSeppi, K., Weintraub, D., Coelho, M., Perez‐Lloret, S., Fox, S. H., Katzenschlager, R., Hametner, E., Poewe, W., Rascol, O., Goetz, C. G., et al. (2011) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23884 · Cited by 1,141
Self-citationHallucinations in Parkinson's disease: Prevalence, phenomenology and risk factors
Fénelon, G. (2000) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/123.4.733 · Cited by 1,035
Cummings, J. L., Isaacson, S., Mills, R., Williams, H., Chi‐Burris, K., Corbett, A., Dhall, R., & Ballard, C. G. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62106-6 · Cited by 954
Self-citationGlucocerebrosidase mutations in clinical and pathologically proven Parkinson’s disease
Neumann, J., Bras, J., Deas, E., O'Sullivan, S. S., Parkkinen, L., Lachmann, R. H., Li, A., Holton, J., Guerreiro, R., Paudel, R., et al. (2009) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awp044 · Cited by 696
Low-Dose Clozapine for the Treatment of Drug-Induced Psychosis in Parkinson's Disease
The Parkinson Study Group (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199903113401003 · Cited by 618
Visual hallucinations in Lewy body disease relate to Lewy bodies in the temporal lobe
Harding, A., Broe, G. A., & Halliday, G. M. (2002) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awf033 · Cited by 609
Minoshima, S., Foster, N. L., Sima, A. A. F., Frey, K. A., Albin, R. L., & Kuhl, D. E. (2001) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.1133 · Cited by 560
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The neuropsychiatry of Parkinson's disease: advances and challenges
Weintraub, D., Aarsland, D., Chaudhuri, К. R., Dobkin, R. D., Leentjens, A. F. G., Rodriguez-Violante, M., & Schrag, A. E. (2021) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00330-6 · Cited by 480
Self-citationAre dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease dementia the same disease?
Jellinger, K. A., & Korczyn, A. D. (2018) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-018-1016-8 · Cited by 406
Network connectivity determines cortical thinning in early Parkinson’s disease progression
Yau, Y. H. C., Zeighami, Y., Baker, T. E., Larcher, K. M.-H., Vainik, U., Dadar, M., Fonov, V., Hagmann, P., Griffa, A., Mišić, B., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02416-0 · Cited by 266
The sinister face of heme oxygenase-1 in brain aging and disease
Schipper, H. M., Song, W., Tavitian, A., & Cressatti, M. (2018) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.008 · Cited by 206
The neuropsychiatry of Parkinson's disease: advances and challenges
Weintraub, D., Aarsland, D., Chaudhuri, К. R., Dobkin, R., Leentjens, A., Rodriguez-Violante, M., & Schrag, A. E. (2022) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 181
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- ffytche, D. H., Creese, B., Politis, M., Chaudhuri, K. R., Weintraub, D., Ballard, C., & Aarsland, D.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- ffytche, Dominic H.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Neurology
- Published
- 2017-01-20
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 81-95
- ISSN
- 1759-4758 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-4766
- PMC
- PMC5656278
- OpenAlex
- W2579373654
- Cited by
- 355
- References
- 188
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 23
- FWCI
- 4.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (acceptedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (RP-PG-0610-10100)
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P50NS053488)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- psychosis continuum, hallucinations, delusions, visual hallucinations, dementia risk, antiparkinsonian drugs, autonomic dysfunction, frontal executive dysfunction, memory impairment, pimavanserin, structural MRI, biomarkers, disease duration
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Parkinson Disease, Psychotic Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
