The DOI matches its Crossref record; 89 of the 89 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome: understanding the antibodies
Abstract
Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are both diagnostic markers for, and pathogenic drivers of, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Although the presence of aPL is a necessary pre-condition, APS-associated clotting is seemingly triggered by an additional 'second hit', frequently related to innate inflammatory immune responses. β(2) glycoprotein I (β(2)GPI)-dependent aPL, the most important subset of these antibodies, mediate several--not necessarily alternative--thrombogenic mechanisms, mainly on the basis of their reactivity with β(2)GPI expressed on the membrane of cells that participate in the coagulation cascade. Recurrent pregnancy complications associated with aPL cannot be explained solely by thrombosis, and alternative pathogenic mechanisms have been reported. Although one in vivo model of fetal loss suggests a mechanism of aPL-mediated acute placental inflammation, other models and the histopathological examination of APS placentae do not support a widespread inflammatory signature. β(2)GPI-dependent aPL are thought to recognize their antigen on placental tissues, inhibit the growth and differentiation of trophoblasts, and eventually cause defective placentation. Why antibodies with similar antigen specificity produce different clinical manifestations is not clear. Characterization of the molecular basis of the pathogenic mechanisms involved, including the putative second hits and the role of complement activation, might offer an answer to this question.
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“LA is identified in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome [14,24] and also other diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 [25], in which anti-PS/PT is detected [26].”
From Performance characteristics of 5 numerical indexes in mixing test interpretation under coexistence of lupus anticoagulant and coagulation factor deficiency (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“There is no single test to detect all LA1, 6, 7, 8 and guidelines recommend performance of two different tests that represent different assay principles, the diluted Russell's viper venom time (dRVVT) and a LA‐sensitive activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT).6, 7, 8”
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Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Gerosa, M. et al. Complement involvement in antiphospholipid-mediated placental damage: prospective study in APS pregnant women [abstract THU0120] Ann. Rheum. Dis. 68 (Suppl. 3), 210 (2009).
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Ding, N., Wang, R., Wang, K., Li, G., & Wang, F. (2026) · Journal of Translational Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jtauto.2026.100408
Metadata
- Authors
- Meroni, P. L., Borghi, M. O., Raschi, E., & Tedesco, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Milan (IT)
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano (IT)
- University of Trieste (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Meroni, Pier Luigi
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Rheumatology
- Published
- 2011-05-10
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 330-339
- ISSN
- 1759-4790 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-4804
- OpenAlex
- W1999555834
- Cited by
- 620
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 6.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Rheumatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
- Keywords
- antiphospholipid syndrome, antiphospholipid antibodies, beta2-glycoprotein I, thrombosis, recurrent pregnancy loss, placental inflammation, trophoblast differentiation, complement activation, innate immune response, autoantibody pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Antibodies, Antiphospholipid
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