Cited by 620Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ResearchReproductive System and PregnancyBlood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 89 of the 89 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome: understanding the antibodies

Meroni, Pier Luigi, Borghi, M. Orietta, Raschi, Elena, Tedesco, Francesco·2011·Nature Reviews Rheumatology

DOI 10.1038/nrrheum.2011.52

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are both diagnostic markers for, and pathogenic drivers of, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Although the presence of aPL is a necessary pre-condition, APS-associated clotting is seemingly triggered by an additional 'second hit', frequently related to innate inflammatory immune responses. β(2) glycoprotein I (β(2)GPI)-dependent aPL, the most important subset of these antibodies, mediate several--not necessarily alternative--thrombogenic mechanisms, mainly on the basis of their reactivity with β(2)GPI expressed on the membrane of cells that participate in the coagulation cascade. Recurrent pregnancy complications associated with aPL cannot be explained solely by thrombosis, and alternative pathogenic mechanisms have been reported. Although one in vivo model of fetal loss suggests a mechanism of aPL-mediated acute placental inflammation, other models and the histopathological examination of APS placentae do not support a widespread inflammatory signature. β(2)GPI-dependent aPL are thought to recognize their antigen on placental tissues, inhibit the growth and differentiation of trophoblasts, and eventually cause defective placentation. Why antibodies with similar antigen specificity produce different clinical manifestations is not clear. Characterization of the molecular basis of the pathogenic mechanisms involved, including the putative second hits and the role of complement activation, might offer an answer to this question.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nrrheum.2011.52

Cites

89 of 89 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)
MIYAKIS, S., LOCKSHIN, M. D., ATSUMI, T., BRANCH, D. W., BREY, R. L., CERVERA, R., DERKSEN, R. H. W. M., DE GROOT, P. G., KOIKE, T., MERONI, P. L., et al. (2006) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.01753.x · Cited by 7,203
Self-citation
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Ruiz‐Irastorza, G., Crowther, M. A., Branch, W. D., & Khamashta, M. A. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60709-x · Cited by 875
Pivotal role for neuronal Toll-like receptors in ischemic brain injury and functional deficits
Tang, S.-C., Arumugam, T. V., Xu, X., Cheng, A., Mughal, M. R., Jo, D. G., Lathia, J. D., Siler, D. A., Chigurupati, S., Ouyang, X., et al. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0702553104 · Cited by 779
Complement C5a receptors and neutrophils mediate fetal injury in the antiphospholipid syndrome
Girardi, G., Berman, J., Redecha, P. B., Spruce, L. A., Thurman, J. M., Kraus, D., Hollmann, T. J., Casali, P., Caroll, M. C., Wetsel, R. A., et al. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci18817 · Cited by 691
Heparin prevents antiphospholipid antibody–induced fetal loss by inhibiting complement activation
Girardi, G., Redecha, P. B., & Salmon, J. E. (2004) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1121 · Cited by 680
Complement C3 Activation Is Required for Antiphospholipid Antibody-induced Fetal Loss
Holers, V. M., Girardi, G., Mo, L., Guthridge, J. M., Molina, H. D., Pierangeli, S. S., Espinola, R. G., Xiaowei, L. E., Mao, D., Vialpando, C. G., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.200116116 · Cited by 625
Complement C5a receptors and neutrophils mediate fetal injury in the antiphospholipid syndrome
Girardi, G., Berman, J., Redecha, P. B., Spruce, L. A., Thurman, J. M., Kraus, D., Hollmann, T. J., Casali, P., Caroll, M. C., Wetsel, R. A., et al. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200318817 · Cited by 593
Repeated fetal losses associated with antiphospholipid antibodies: A collaborative randomized trial comparing prednisone with low-dose heparin treatment
Cowchock, F. S., Reece, E. A., Balaban, D. J., Branch, D. W., & Plouffe, L. (1992) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(92)91596-3 · Cited by 585
Complement activation induces dysregulation of angiogenic factors and causes fetal rejection and growth restriction
Girardi, G., Yarilin, D. A., Thurman, J. M., Holers, V. M., & Salmon, J. E. (2006) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20061022 · Cited by 509
Anti–β2-glycoprotein I, antiprothrombin antibodies, and the risk of thrombosis in the antiphospholipid syndrome
Galli, M., Luciani, D., Bertolini, G., & Barbui, T. (2003) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2002-11-3334 · Cited by 413

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 89 references

Research works printed but not linked: 5

Gerosa, M. et al. Complement involvement in antiphospholipid-mediated placental damage: prospective study in APS pregnant women [abstract THU0120] Ann. Rheum. Dis. 68 (Suppl. 3), 210 (2009).
Borghi, M. O. et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies reactivity with human decidual cells: an additional mechanism of pregnancy complications in APS and a potential target for innovative therapeutic intervention [abstract OP-0119]. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 68 (Suppl. 3), 109 (2009).
Raschi, E., Broggini, V., Borghi, M. O., Grossi, C. & Meroni, P. L. TLR-4 and Annexin A2 involvement in endothelial cell activation by anti-phospholipid antibodies: specific silencing by small interfering RNAs [abstract 1356]. Arthritis Rheum. 62 (Suppl.), S563 (2010).
Tedesco, F. Biodistribution of β2GPI in naive and immunized mice and in vivo pro-thrombotic effect of an anti-β2GPI minibody isolated from human phage display library [abstract A006]. Lupus 19, 497–498 (2010).
Ziglioli, T. et al. Low complement levels during pregnancy are associated with obstetric complications in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome [abstract THU0129]. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 68 (Suppl. 3), 213–214 (2009).

Sorted by citations

Items 401–500 of 620

Are Antiphospholipid Antibodies a Surrogate Risk Factor for Thrombosis in Sepsis?
Thachil, J. V., Favaloro, E. J., & Lippi, G. (2023) · Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1771268 · Cited by 5
Thrombosis and Hyperinflammation in COVID-19 Acute Phase Are Related to Anti-Phosphatidylserine and Anti-Phosphatidylinositol Antibody Positivity
Alijotas‐Reig, J., Anunciación-Llunell, A., Morales-Pérez, S., Trapé, J., Esteve‐Valverde, E., & Miró‐Mur, F. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11082301 · Cited by 5
Risk factors in antiphospholipid antibody-associated valvular heart disease: A 383-patient cohort study
Pan, H., Ding, Z., Yang, Z., Tang, Z., Li, L., Teng, J., Sun, Y., Liu, H., Cheng, X., Su, Y., et al. (2023) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2023.109790 · Cited by 5
Pathogenic Mechanisms of Thrombosis in Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)
Marina, P., Eleftheria, P., & Panayiotis, G. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/25522 · Cited by 5
Amniotic fluid antiphospholipid antibodies: potential role in antiphospholipid syndrome-independent aberrant implantation process
Bruno, V., Nuccetelli, M., Ticconi, C., Bruno, A., Martelli, F., Capogna, M. V., Bernardini, S., Piccione, E., & Pietropolli, A. (2019) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/s12958-019-0527-2 · Cited by 5
Elucidation of the potential disease-promoting influence of IgM apoptotic cell-reactive antibodies in lupus
Malik, M., Arora, P., Sachdeva, R., Sharma, L. K., Ramachandran, V. G., & Pal, R. (2016) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203315624023 · Cited by 5
Viewing Dynamic Interactions of Proteins and a Model Lipid Membrane with Atomic Force Microscopy
Quinn, A. S., Rand, J. H., Wu, X.-X., & Taatjes, D. J. (2012) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-056-4_13 · Cited by 5
Performance characteristics of 5 numerical indexes in mixing test interpretation under coexistence of lupus anticoagulant and coagulation factor deficiency
Matsuda, M., Hoshiyama, Y., Ogawa, K., Emmi, M., Terai, S., & Moriyama, M. (2023) · Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100065 · Cited by 4
“LA is identified in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome [14,24] and also other diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 [25], in which anti-PS/PT is detected [26].”
Background
Association of Specific Antiphospholipid Antibodies to Platelet Count and Thrombocytopenia
Griem, K., Falter, T., Hollerbach, A., Jurk, K., Aboulmaouahib, B., Weinmann‐Menke, J., Müller‐Calleja, N., & Lackner, K. J. (2025) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1055/a-2510-6147 · Cited by 4
In vivo targeting of open prothrombin with the monoclonal antibody POmAb results in anticoagulation without excessive bleeding
Brake, M. A., Kumar, S., Lapointe, C., Merrill‐Skoloff, G., Schulman, S., Flick, M. J., Flaumenhaft, R. C., & Pozzi, N. (2026) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1016/j.jtha.2026.01.027 · Cited by 4
Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: current aspects of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment
Клименко, А. А., Gaffarova, A. S., & Александровна, Д. Н. (2023) · Modern Rheumatology Journal · doi:10.14412/1996-7012-2023-3-7-15 · Cited by 4
Imiquimod and Pulmonary Embolism: a Case Report
Leroy, B., Richez, A., Wolf, F., Descotes, J., & Vial, T. (2014) · Therapies · doi:10.2515/therapie/2013075 · Cited by 4
In vitro effect of anti-β2 Glycoprotein I antibodies on P-selectin expression, a marker of platelet activation
Bontadi, A., Ruffatti, A., Giannini, S., Falcinelli, E., Tonello, M., Hoxha, A., Gresele, P., & Punzi, L. (2012) · Reumatismo · doi:10.4081/reumatismo.2012.35 · Cited by 4
Therapy for antiphospholipid miscarriages: Throwing the baby out with the bathwater?
Chighizola, C. B., Shoenfeld, Y., & Meroni, P. L. (2017) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.12792 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Increased eryptosis in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS): a new actor in the pathogenesis of APS
Vomero, M., Finucci, A., Barbati, C., Colasanti, T., Ceccarelli, F., Novelli, L., Massaro, L., Truglia, S., Pensa, C., Mauro, F. R., et al. (2021) · Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology · doi:10.55563/clinexprheumatol/8fx3u5 · Cited by 4
UNUSUAL INITIAL PRESENTATION OF PRIMARY ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME AS POSTPARTUM SYMMETRICAL PERIPHERAL GANGRENE
Khan, M. M., Shahid, S., Zafar, A., Khan, N. N., & Bhatty, S. A. (2022) · Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad · doi:10.55519/jamc-01-8695 · Cited by 4
Splenectomy outcomes in patients with autoimmune cytopenias and persistent antiphospholipid antibodies
Rangel‐Patiño, J., Barrera‐Vargas, A., Govea‐Pelaéz, S., Merayo‐Chalico, J., Samano, D. D. J. P., Vargas-Serafin, C. O., & Demichelis‐Gómez, R. (2022) · Transfusion · doi:10.1111/trf.17141 · Cited by 4
Inactivation of Yes-Associated Protein Mediates Trophoblast Dysfunction: A New Mechanism of Pregnancy Loss Associated with Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies?
Huang, Z., Tang, Z., Guan, H., Leung, W., Wang, L., Xia, H., & Zhang, W. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10123296 · Cited by 4
Evaluation of a gene signature related to thrombotic manifestations in antiphospholipid syndrome
Jacintho, B. C., Mazetto, B. D. M., Hounkpe, B. W., Oliveira, J. D., dos Santos, A. P. R., Vaz, C. D. O., Paula, E. V. D., & Orsi, F. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1139906 · Cited by 4
Antiphospholipid syndrome, thrombosis, and vaccination in the COVID-19 pandemic
Zekić, T., & Belančić, A. (2024) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-023-05531-y · Cited by 4
The Pathophysiology of Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Sada, P. R., Cohen, H., & Isenberg, D. A. (2015) · The Open Urology & Nephrology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874303x01508010002 · Cited by 4
Pathophysiological insights into the antiphospholipid syndrome
Manukyan, D., Müller‐Calleja, N., & Lackner, K. J. (2016) · Hämostaseologie · doi:10.5482/hamo-16-07-0020 · Cited by 4
Mechanisms of Antiphospholipid Antibody-Mediated Pregnancy Morbidity
Salmon, J. E., Mineo, C., Giles, I., Chamley, L., Meroni, P. L., & Abrahams, V. M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55442-6_6 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
NOVEL METHODS FOR AUTOANTIBODY DETECTION IN LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS OF AUTOIMMUNE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
Roggenbuck, D., Schierac, P., Sack, U., Lapin, S. V., Маzing, A. V., & Тотолян, А. А. (2014) · Medical Immunology (Russia) · doi:10.15789/1563-0625-2014-3-221-226 · Cited by 4
Innate and humoral recognition of the products of cell death: differential antigenicity and immunogenicity in lupus
Arora, P., Malik, M., Sachdeva, R., Saxena, L., Das, J., Ramachandran, V. G., & Pal, R. (2016) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/cei.12889 · Cited by 4
Mechanisms of Action of the Antiphospholipid Antibodies
Chighizola, C. B., Raschi, E., Borghi, M. O., & Meroni, P. L. (2016) · Technical report · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63655-3.00003-x · Cited by 4
Self-citation
The main protease (Mpro) from SARS-CoV-2 triggers plasma clotting in vitro by activating coagulation factors VII and FXII
Pagotto, A., Uliana, F., Cavedon, E., Nordio, G., Pierangelini, A., Acquasaliente, L., Macchia, M. L., Bellanda, M., Gatto, B., Silvestro, G. D., et al. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-08570-2 · Cited by 3
A role for TLR7 activation by miR-146a-3p in antiphospholipid antibody-induced trophoblast IL-8 and inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production
Salmeron, L. V., Hidalgo, T. N., Lynn, T., Jones, D. M., Chamley, L. W., & Abrahams, V. M. (2025) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jri.2025.104652 · Cited by 3
Are the 2023 ACR/EULAR classification criteria a step forward in the management of antiphospholipid syndrome? A literature-based and clinical practice appraisal
Alijotas‐Reig, J., Marques-Soares, J. R., Esteve‐Valverde, E., Anunciación-Llunell, A., Andrada, C., Očková, M., Hoxha, A., Khamashta, M. A., Shoenfeld, Y., & Miró‐Mur, F. (2025) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103956 · Cited by 3
Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome following surgery for Libman–Sacks endocarditis: A case report and literature review
Li, Y., Huang, Q., & Shen, R. (2025) · Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery · doi:10.1186/s13019-025-03692-4 · Cited by 3
Placental lesions in patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: experience of a single tertiary-care Italian reference center
Canti, V., LORENZO, R. D., Inguscio, G., Girardelli, S., Pozzoni, M., Tenace, N. P., Lucianò, R., Pasi, F., Castiglioni, M. T., Cavoretto, P. I., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Lupus · doi:10.3389/flupu.2024.1459172 · Cited by 3
Deciphering the Role and Mechanism of Decidual Monocyte‐Derived Macrophage Infiltration in Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome at Single‐Cell Resolution
Gao, R., Qing, P., Chen, H., Hu, Z., Yang, Q., Lu, C., Liu, H., Zeng, R., Tang, Y., Yu, F. D., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202503480 · Cited by 4
Synthesis of Phospholipid-Protein Conjugates as New Antigens for Autoimmune Antibodies
Maity, A., Macaubas, C., Mellins, E., & Astakhova, K. (2015) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules200610253 · Cited by 3
Prevalence of anti- beta2GPI antibodies and their isotypes in patients with renal diseases and clinical suspicion of antiphospholipid syndrome.
Anis, S., Ahmed, E., & Muzaffar, R. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.12860/jnp.2013.29 · Cited by 3
Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Schreiber, K. I., & Jacobsen, S. (2016) · Rare diseases of the immune system · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24535-5_9 · Cited by 3
RANGING OF ANTIPHOSPOLIPID ANTIBODIES IN THE PATIENTS WITH THROMBOPHILIA AND RECURRENT MISCARRIAGE
Tkachenko, O. Y., Lapin, S. V., Шмонин, А. А., Solovyova, L. N., Бондарева, Е. А., Selkov, S. А., Chepanov, S. V., Тотолян, А. А., & Roggenbuck, D. (2018) · Medical Immunology (Russia) · doi:10.15789/1563-0625-2018-5-753-762 · Cited by 3
Rare pulmonary embolism caused by the combination of bilateral popliteal venous aneurysms and antiphospholipid syndrome
Fukui, T., Ogasawara, N., & Hasegawa, S. (2020) · BMJ Case Reports · doi:10.1136/bcr-2020-236341 · Cited by 3
Comorbid association of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and thrombotic primary antiphospholipid syndrome (tPAPS): A more severe phenotype?
Balbi, G. G. M., Signorelli, F., Gândara, A. P. R., Azam, I. F. B., de Barros, S., Marreiros, D., Genta, P. R., Lotufo, P. A., Benseñor, I. M., Drager, L. F., et al. (2023) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2023.109781 · Cited by 3
Antibodies to Domain I β2-Glycoprotein 1 in Patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Reshetnyak, T. M., Cheldieva, F. A., Cherkasova, M. V., Glukhova, S. I., Lila, A. M., & Nasonov, E. L. (2023) · Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1134/s1607672923700278 · Cited by 3
A young woman with acute coronary syndrome and antiphospholipid syndrome. Is it the antiphospholipid syndrome or COVID-19 vaccination or classical risk as the risk factor? a case report
Siagian, S. N., & Christianto, C. (2024) · Journal of Medical Case Reports · doi:10.1186/s13256-023-04314-0 · Cited by 3
Potential Roles of Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Generating Platelet-C4d in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Liu, C., Schofield, T., Tang, A., Manzi, S., & Ahearn, J. M. (2017) · Antibodies · doi:10.3390/antib6030009 · Cited by 3
Laboratory diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome
Wang, C., & Guan, X.-R. (2018) · Frontiers in Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.flm.2018.08.003 · Cited by 3
Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
Topel, C. H., & Brey, R. L. (2017) · Primer on Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803058-5.00116-8 · Cited by 3
Long-term pituitary downregulation before frozen embryo transfer improves clinical outcomes in women positive for serum autoantibodies
Zhang, Y., Xia, M., Song, X., Wang, J., Mao, Y., Liu, J., & Ma, X. (2021) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.08.018 · Cited by 3
Activated Protein C Resistance and Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Recurrent Fetal Loss: Experience of a Single Referral Center in Northern Iraq
Al-Allawi, N. A. S., Shamdeen, M. Y., Mohammed, Q. O., & Ahmed, A. S. (2014) · Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion · doi:10.1007/s12288-014-0348-6 · Cited by 3
Phosphatidylserine-dependent anti-prothrombin antibodies (aPS/PT) in infliximab-treated patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
Malíčková, K., Ďuricová, D., Bortlík, M., Janatková, I., Zima, T., & Lukáš, M. (2012) · Autoimmunity Highlights · doi:10.1007/s13317-012-0045-0 · Cited by 3
Unusual Cause of Adrenal Insufficiency
Seow, C. J., & Chen, A. W. (2016) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.04.014 · Cited by 3
Novel Phospholipid-Protein Conjugates Allow Improved Detection of Antibodies in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases
Samuelsen, S. V., Maity, A., Nybo, M., Macaubas, C., Lønstrup, L., Balboni, I., Mellins, E., & Astakhova, K. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156125 · Cited by 3
Profiling of non-criteria antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with SLE: differentiation of thrombotic SLE patients and risk of recurrence of thrombosis
Tkachenko, O. Y., Lapin, S. V., Маzing, A. V., Emanuel, V. L., Belolipetskaia, E., Беляева, И. Б., Myachikova, V. Y., Maslyanskiy, А. L., Gilburd, B., Schierack, P., et al. (2020) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203320909952 · Cited by 3
Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Syndrome
Cervera, R. (2018) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03842-948-7 · Cited by 3
Antiphospholipid immune complexes as thrombosis risk marker
Martínez-Flores, J. A., Serrano, M., & Serrano, A. (2019) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.26612 · Cited by 3
Investigating the predictive role of serum amyloid A and its association with immunological and coagulation biomarkers in recurrent pregnancy loss
Thabet, M., Hasan, K. A., Elhefnawy, I. A., Barakat, G., Moemen, D., Ragab, A., Elsherbini, D. M. A., El‐Sherbiny, M., Bahgat, N. A., Elshamy, M. R., et al. (2025) · Libyan Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1080/19932820.2025.2472492 · Cited by 2
Complement proteins, annexin V, and angiogenic markers in placental tissue of autoimmune disease patients
Gutierrez, A. S. C., Fuentes-Zacarías, P., Baños, N., Figueras, F., Espinosa, G., Schleußner, E., Groten, T., & Prieto, D. M. M. (2025) · Placenta · doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2025.07.088 · Cited by 2
The distinct subtypes and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction in antiphospholipid syndrome patients
Huang, C. L., Zhao, Y., Jiang, H., Zhou, Y., Hu, C., Guo, X., Li, M., Zeng, X., & Zhao, J. (2025) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-025-07624-4 · Cited by 2
Comprehensive Review of Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Over Four Decades of Advances and Challenges
Koike, T. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15040356 · Cited by 2
Assessment of the use of biologic drugs in the treatment of primary antiphospholipid syndrome
Nikitsina, M., Martín, M. R., Navarro-Joven, C., Piunno, S., Zolio, L., & Isenberg, D. A. (2026) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keag150 · Cited by 2
Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease
Naseem, M., Ramesh, J., Mahmood, A., Kothari, K., Memon, F., Frishman, W. H., & Aronow, W. S. (2026) · Cardiology in Review · doi:10.1097/crd.0000000000001275 · Cited by 2
Understanding antiphospholipid syndrome clinical phenotypes with the guidance of antiphospholipid antibody-related pathogenic mechanisms
Sevim, E., Erton, Z. B., & Erkan, D. (2026) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2026.102770 · Cited by 2
Clinical Delphi on aPL Negativization: Report from the APS Study Group of the Italian Society for Rheumatology (SIR-APS)
Sciascia, S., Foddai, S. G., Alessandri, C., Alunno, A., Andréoli, L., Barinotti, A., Calligaro, A., Canti, V., Carubbi, F., Cecchi, I., et al. (2022) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1055/a-1798-2400 · Cited by 2
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Pathogenesis and Management
Lionaki, S. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.101008 · Cited by 2
Antiphospholipid antibody-related hepatic vasculitis in a juvenile after non-severe COVID-19: a case report and literature review
Li, Q., Li, J., Zhou, M., Ge, Y. C., Liu, Z., Li, T., & Zhang, L. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354349 · Cited by 2
[Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Insights on the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Hot Issues].
Gao, R., & Qin, L. (2024) · 四川大学学报：医学版 · doi:10.12182/20240560104 · Cited by 2
Phosphatidylcholine-specific B cells are enriched among atypical CD11chigh and CD21low memory B cells in antiphospholipid syndrome
Nitschke, E., Dang, V. D., Rincón-Arévalo, H., Szelinski, F., Ritter, J., Schrezenmeier, E. V., Alexander, T., Lê, T. A., Chen, Y., Wiedemann, A., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1585953 · Cited by 2
Hyperuricemia is a prognostic marker for antiphospholipid syndrome patients: a retrospective cohort study in China
Luo, L., Cai, Q., You, F., Xing, Y., Yi, T., Deng, Y., Yao, Z., & Li, C. (2025) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-025-07480-2 · Cited by 2
Antibodies and diagnostic tests in antiphosholipid syndrome
Chighizola, C. B., Borghi, M. O., & Meroni, P. L. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814551-7.00059-3 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
To normalize or not?: Dilute Russell viper venom time testing
Zhang, Y., Creer, M. H., & Oladipo, O. O. (2024) · American Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1093/ajcp/aqae004 · Cited by 2
Comparative assessment of the diagnostic performances of particle-based multianalyte technology and commercial ELISA for antiphospholipid autoantibody testing
Saadalla, A. M., Novis, C. L., Banerjee, D., Martins, T., Holloway, B., Aure, M. A., Mähler, M., & Nandakumar, V. (2024) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2024.119849 · Cited by 2
Placental Pathology in Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome Beyond Thrombosis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Dzirba, D., Glinko, M., Skoczyńska, M., Gruszecka, K., Trzeszcz, M., Benedyczak, A., & Szmyrka−Kaczmarek, M. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14155172 · Cited by 3
Du nouveau dans la vasculopathie associée au syndrome des antiphospholipides : le rôle de la voie AKT/mTORC
Canaud, G. (2015) · La Revue de Médecine Interne · doi:10.1016/j.revmed.2015.02.006 · Cited by 2
Treating obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome
Galarza-Maldonado, C. M., Kourilovitch, M., Andrade-Sánchez, P., Durán, M. C., & Asanza, E. (2013) · International Journal of Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.2217/ijr.13.25 · Cited by 2
Antiphospholipid antibodies among women experiencing fetal loss.
Ching, Y. M., Arip, M., Jegasothy, R., Baskaran, T. P., Yusof, A. Y., Bakhtiar, F., & Mustafa, N. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 2
Obstetric Manifestations of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Tincani, A., Nalli, C., Reggia, R., Zatti, S., & Lojacono, A. (2016) · Technical report · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63655-3.00007-7 · Cited by 2
Pediatric Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Avčin, T., & Cimaz, R. (2016) · Technical report · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63596-9.00018-9 · Cited by 2
SAT0647 MRI DATA FROM THE SPRIFERMIN PHASE II FORWARD STUDY: CONFIRMATION OF MANUAL CARTILAGE SEGMENTATION FINDINGS BY AUTOMATED SEGMENTATION
Brett, A., Bowes, M. A., Conaghan, P. G., Ladel, C. H., Kraines, J. L., Gühring, H., Moreau, F., & Eckstein, F. (2019) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.1567 · Cited by 2
Síndrome antifosfolipídico
Costedoat-Chalumeau, N., & Morel, N. (2019) · EMC - Aparato Locomotor · doi:10.1016/s1286-935x(19)42133-3 · Cited by 2
Antibodies to domain I β2 -glycoprotein 1 in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus
Cheldieva, F. A., Reshetnyak, T. M., Cherkasova, M. V., Glukhova, S. I., Lila, A. M., & Nasonov, E. L. (2022) · Rheumatology Science and Practice · doi:10.47360/1995-4484-2022-353-359 · Cited by 2
Case Reports
Shah, I., Carolis, M. P. D., Salvi, S., Bersani, I., Carolis, S. D., Sanklecha, M., Mehta, N., Bagban, H., Rajeswari, B., Ninan, A., et al. (2012) · Indian Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s13312-012-0077-6 · Cited by 2
What is the Mechanism(s) of Antiphospholipid Antibody-Mediated Pregnancy Morbidity?
Abrahams, V. M., Borghi, M. O., Meroni, P. L., Rand, J. H., Raschi, E., Salmon, J. E., Tedesco, F., & Tincani, A. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3194-7_5 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Immunological Mechanisms of Neuropsychiatric Lupus
Sinclair, K., Miner, J. J., & Kim, A. H. J. (2015) · Current Immunology Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573395511666150707181943 · Cited by 2
Applying index of circulating anticoagulant to mixing tests with lupus anticoagulant screen and confirm reagents can distinguish with high specificity between lupus anticoagulants and direct factor Xa inhibitors
Kumano, O., Amiral, J., Dunois, C., Peyrafitte, M., & Moore, G. W. (2021) · International Journal of Laboratory Hematology · doi:10.1111/ijlh.13571 · Cited by 2
Evaluation of Humoral Immunological Profile in Infertile Women after IVF Failure in Baghdad City
Heba Mohammed Abed Al-Tamimi1, F. A. R. (2020) · Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology · doi:10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.265 · Cited by 2
Antiphospholipid syndrome and recurrent pregnancy losses
Erra, R., Trespìdi, L., Ossola, W., & Luigi, M. P. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90805-4.00008-0 · Cited by 1
Nouveautés dans le syndrome des auto-anticorps antiphospholipides
Lambert, M., Bertin, D., Brodovitch, A., Arcani, R., & Bardin, N. (2024) · Revue Francophone des Laboratoires · doi:10.1016/s1773-035x(24)00175-8 · Cited by 1
Neonatal intracardiac thrombosis secondary to transplacental transfer of maternal antiphospholipid antibodies-a case report and review of the literature
Girgulis, K., Skeith, L., Fruitman, D. S., Barber, M. R. W., Soliman, N., Johnson, N. A., & Steele, M. (2025) · Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1016/j.rpth.2025.102895 · Cited by 1
Damage Burden in Polish Patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome Measured Using Damage Index for Antiphospholipid Syndrome (DIAPS)
Haładyj, E., Stypińska, B., Matusiewicz, A., Kunisz, W., Olesińska, M., & Paradowska‐Gorycka, A. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13071671 · Cited by 1
Inhibition of FKBP5 alleviates obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome by regulating macrophage polarization
Song, M., Wang, J., Mu, W., Zheng, Y., Jiang, R., Cai, Y., Teng, Y., & Xia, Y. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-25472-9 · Cited by 1
Role of antiphospholipid antibodies in kidney disease: Risk factors, immunopathogenesis, and diagnosis
Abbas, K., Naqvi, R., Musharraf, W., Mubarak, M., & Langhani, J. L. (2025) · World Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.5527/wjn.v14.i4.110882 · Cited by 1
Functional imaging reveals cerebral microvascular dysfunction in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: Pathophysiologic insights and translational implications
Mameli, A., Indovina, L., Cocciolillo, F., Serra, A., Marongiu, F., & Barcellona, D. (2026) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2026.125750 · Cited by 1
Animal models of antiphospholipid syndrome
Ren, C., Li, H., & Ren, T. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1743498 · Cited by 1
Angiogenic imbalance and endothelial dysfunction in the placenta in antiphospholipid syndrome
Martirosyan, A., Kriegová, E., & Manukyan, G. P. (2026) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2026.104034 · Cited by 1
Pregnancy and Assisted Reproductive Outcomes in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Sjögren Syndrome and Antiphospholipid Syndrome: An Umbrella Review
Yue, C., Huang, W., Han, J., Zhang, Y., Zeng, X., Gao, R., & Qin, L. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15072618 · Cited by 1
Neonatal antiphospholipid syndrome–associated thrombosis: Diagnostic pitfalls and therapeutic frontiers
Tzatzadaki-Amantou, E., Lianou, A., Tsantes, A. G., Batsiou, A., Mougiou, V., Iliodromiti, Z., Boutsikou, Τ., Tsantes, A., Iacovidou, N. M., & Sokou, R. (2026) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2026.101433 · Cited by 1
Movement Disorders in Autoimmune Diseases
Singer, H. S., Mink, J. W., Gilbert, D. L., & Jankovic, J. J. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-411573-6.00018-8 · Cited by 1
Antiphospholipid Antibody Testing in a Maximum Care Hospital: Method-Dependent Differences
Kocijančić, M., Goj, T., Peter, A., Klein, R., & Hörber, S. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13154528 · Cited by 1
Intrinsic pathway activation in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and healthy controls
van Mourik, D. J. M., Jansen, V. L. B. I., Coppens, M., Middeldorp, S., Cate, H. T., Buller, H. R., Spronk, H. M. H., Nagy, M., & van Mens, T. E. (2025) · Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1016/j.rpth.2025.102694 · Cited by 1
β2GPI-targeted polymeric nanoparticles form a protective layer to prevent vascular thrombosis in an anti-phospholipid syndrome model
Durigutto, P., Grimaldi, M. C., Bozzer, S., Raschi, E., Meroni, P. L., Tedesco, F., & Macor, P. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1520619 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Diagnosis of Antiphospholipid Syndrome by Chemiluminescent or Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay – A Comparison Study and Comprehensive Literature Review
Lai, E. E. N., Lim, C. X., Lau, J. P. J., Chee, Y. L., Chan, S. S. W., Teo, W. Z. Y., Yap, E. S., & Lee, S. Y. (2025) · Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis · doi:10.1177/10760296251325527 · Cited by 1
Optimizing antiphospholipid antibody testing: a real-world analysis of appropriateness and resource utilization
Foddai, S. G., Infantino, M., Manfredi, M., Pavia, F., Benucci, M., Gobbi, F. L., Radin, M., Cecchi, I., Barinotti, A., & Sciascia, S. (2025) · Immunologic Research · doi:10.1007/s12026-025-09682-x · Cited by 1
Anticuerpos antifosfolípidos criterio y no criterio y síndrome coronario agudo en población adulta menor de 55 años
Villalobos-Sánchez, L., Garrote-Corral, S., Casas, I., Briones-Figueroa, A., Morán‐Álvarez, P., Fernández, A. G., Sayalero, Á. C., Velarde, A. T., Lorente-Ros, Á., Ortiz, J. A., et al. (2026) · Medicina Clínica (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.medcle.2026.107393 · Cited by 1
Non-classification Criteria
Gerosa, M., & Rovelli, F. (2014) · Rare diseases of the immune system · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11044-8_6 · Cited by 1

Authors: Meroni, P. L., Borghi, M. O., Raschi, E., & Tedesco, F.
Affiliations: University of Milan (IT)
IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano (IT)
University of Trieste (IT)
Corresponding author: Meroni, Pier Luigi
ORCID: Meroni, Pier Luigi
Borghi, M. Orietta
Raschi, Elena
Tedesco, Francesco
Venue: Nature Reviews Rheumatology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2011-05-10
Volume: 7
Issue: 6
Pages: 330-339
ISSN: 1759-4790 (ISSN-L)
1759-4804
DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2011.52
OpenAlex: W1999555834
Cited by: 620
References: 89
Citations by year: 2026: 38 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 36
FWCI: 6.72
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Reviews Rheumatology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Reproductive System and Pregnancy
Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
Keywords: antiphospholipid syndrome, antiphospholipid antibodies, beta2-glycoprotein I, thrombosis, recurrent pregnancy loss, placental inflammation, trophoblast differentiation, complement activation, innate immune response, autoantibody pathogenesis
MeSH terms: Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Antibodies, Antiphospholipid

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome: understanding the antibodies

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks