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Topological protection of optical skyrmions through complex media

Wang, An Aloysius, Zhao, Zimo, Ma, Yifei, Cai, Yuxi, Zhang, Runchen, Shang, Xiaoyi, Zhang, Yunqi, Qin, Ji, Pong, Zhi-Kai, Marozsák, Tádé, Chen, Binguo, He, Honghui, Luo, Lin, Booth, Martin J., Elston, Steve J., Morris, Stephen M., He, Chao·2024·Light: Science & Applications
DOI 10.1038/s41377-024-01659-zPMC PMC11582597
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Abstract

Optical Skyrmions have many important properties that make them ideal units for high-density data applications, including the ability to carry digital information through a discrete topological number and the independence of spatially varying polarization to other dimensions. More importantly, the topological nature of the optical Skyrmion heuristically suggests a strong degree of robustness to perturbations, which is crucial for reliably carrying information in noisy environments. However, the study of the topological robustness of optical Skyrmions is still in its infancy. Here, we quantify this robustness precisely by proving that the topological nature of the Skyrmion arises from its structure on the boundary and, by duality, is resilient to spatially varying perturbations provided they respect the relevant boundary conditions of the unperturbed Skyrmion. We then present experimental evidence validating this robustness in the context of paraxial Skyrmion beams against complex polarization aberrations. Our work provides a framework for handling various perturbations of Skyrmion fields and offers guarantees of robustness in a general sense. This, in turn, has implications for applications of the Skyrmion where their topological nature is exploited explicitly, and, in particular, provides an underpinning for the use of optical Skyrmions in communications and computing.

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  • Classical skyrmions are robust to certain optical transformations, scattering media, and simulated atmospheric turbulence in controlled laboratory studies.

    “It has recently been demonstrated in controlled laboratory studies that classical skyrmions are robust to certain optical transformations (53), scattering media (54), and simulated atmospheric turbulence (55, 56).”

    From Topological robustness of optical skyrmions through a real-world free-space link (2026) · cites this paper as [53]

  • This report offers the first experimental results on the resilience of quantum skyrmions to noise.

    “This report offers, to the best of our knowledge, the first experimental results on the resilience of quantum skyrmions to noise, confirming that such quantum channels are map preserving: they can be viewed as a smooth deformation of the state (map) and thus preserves topology even when the entanglement itself is decaying.”

    From Topological rejection of noise by quantum skyrmions (2025) · cites this paper as [44]

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Research works printed but not linked: 50

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Metadata

Authors
Wang, A. A., Zhao, Z., Ma, Y., Cai, Y., Zhang, R., Shang, X., Zhang, Y., Qin, J., Pong, Z.-K., Marozsák, T., Chen, B., He, H., Luo, L., Booth, M. J., Elston, S. J., Morris, S. M., & He, C.
ORCID
Venue
Light: Science & Applications
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2024-11-22
Volume
13
Issue
1
ISSN
2047-7538
DOI
10.1038/s41377-024-01659-z
PMC
PMC11582597
Cited by
102
References
5
Language
en
Licence

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