The DOI matches its Crossref record; 66 of the 68 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Persistent depressive symptoms, HPA-axis hyperactivity, and inflammation: the role of cognitive-affective and somatic symptoms
Open accessAbstract
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis hyperactivity and inflammation are thought to be prominent in the aetiology of depression. Although meta-analyses have confirmed this relationship, there is considerable variability in the effect sizes across studies. This could be attributed to a differential role of such biological systems in somatic versus cognitive-affective depressive symptoms which remains largely unexplored. Furthermore, most longitudinal research to date has focused on transient rather than persistent depressive symptoms. In the current study, we investigated the associations of hair cortisol and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) with the longitudinal persistence and dimensions (cognitive-affective versus somatic) of depressive symptoms over a 14-year period using Trait‐State‐Occasion (TSO) structural equation modelling. The data came from a large sample of older adults from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Depressive symptoms were assessed from wave 1 (2002–03) to wave 8 (2016–17). Hair cortisol (N = 4761) and plasma CRP (N = 5784) were measured in wave 6 (2012–13). Covariates included demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, chronic disease, and medication data. Our results revealed that higher cortisol and CRP levels were significantly associated with persistent depressive symptoms across the study period. Notably, both biomarkers exhibited stronger relationships with somatic than with cognitive-affective symptoms. The associations with somatic symptoms were also independent of relevant confounding factors. In contrast, their associations with cognitive-affective symptoms were weak after adjustment for all covariates. These distinct associations reveal the importance of considering symptom-specific effects in future studies on pathophysiological mechanisms. Ultimately, this will have the potential to advance the search for biomarkers of depression and facilitate more targeted treatments.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures



Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“increased levels of hair cortisol were predictive of MDD somatic symptoms.”
From Comorbidity between major depressive disorder and physical diseases: a comprehensive review of epidemiology, mechanisms and management (2023) · cites this paper as [200]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
Molecular Mechanisms of Depression: Perspectives on New Treatment Strategies
Lang, U. E., & Borgwardt, S. (2013) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000350094 · Cited by 8,526
From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain
Dantzer, R., O'Connor, J. C., Freund, G. G., Johnson, R. W., & Kelley, K. W. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2297 · Cited by 7,395
Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: central role of the brain
McEwen, B. S. (2007) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00041.2006 · Cited by 5,429
Screening for Depression in Well Older Adults: Evaluation of a Short Form of the CES-D
Andresen, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B., & Patrick, D. L. (1994) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(18)30622-6 · Cited by 5,403
A Meta-Analysis of Cytokines in Major Depression
Dowlati, Y., Herrmann, N., Swardfager, W., Liu, H., Sham, L., Reim, E. K., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.033 · Cited by 4,729
Andresen, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B., & Patrick, D. L. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 4,426
Malhi, G. S., & Mann, J. J. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31948-2 · Cited by 4,099
Inflammation and Its Discontents: The Role of Cytokines in the Pathophysiology of Major Depression
Miller, A. H., Maletic, V., & Raison, C. L. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.029 · Cited by 3,848
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Radloff LS. The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1977;1:385–401. · DOI · Paper page
- NatCen Social Research. English longitudinal study of ageing (ELSA): user guide to the nurse visit datasets. Waves 2, 4, 6, 8. 2018.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Berk, M., Köhler‐Forsberg, O., Turner, M., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Wrobel, A., Firth, J., Loughman, A., Reavley, N. J., McGrath, J. J., Momen, N. C., et al. (2023) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21110 · Cited by 336
Psychological comorbidity in gastrointestinal diseases: Update on the brain-gut-microbiome axis
Person, H., & Keefer, L. (2021) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110209 · Cited by 158
The social ecology of childhood and early life adversity
Lopez, M., Ruiz, M. O., Rovnaghi, C. R., Tam, G. K.-Y., Hiscox, J., Gotlib, I. H., Barr, D. A., Carrión, V. G., & Anand, K. J. S. (2021) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-020-01264-x · Cited by 200
Johnson, D., Thurairajasingam, S., Letchumanan, V., Chan, K., & Lee, L. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13051728 · Cited by 117
Biomarkers of post-covid depression
Lorkiewicz, P., & Waszkiewicz, N. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10184142 · Cited by 102
Green, C., Shen, X., Stevenson, A. J., Conole, E. L. S., Harris, M. A., Barbu, M. C., Hawkins, E. L., Adams, M. J., Hillary, R. F., Lawrie, S. M., et al. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.024 · Cited by 103
Iob, E., Lacey, R. E., & Steptoe, A. (2019) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.12.019 · Cited by 95
Self-citationIs depression the missing link between inflammatory mediators and cancer?
Polityńska, B., Pokorska, O., Wojtukiewicz, A. M., Sawicka, M., Mysliwiec, M., Honn, K. V., Tucker, S. C., & Wojtukiewicz, M. Z. (2022) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108293 · Cited by 83
Iob, E., Lacey, R. E., & Steptoe, A. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.045 · Cited by 70
Self-citationChung, D. D., Pinson, M. R., Bhenderu, L. S. S., Lai, M. S., Patel, R. A., & Miranda, R. C. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22168785 · Cited by 81
Liu, Y., Duan, L., Shen, Q., Ma, Y., Chen, Y., Xu, L., Wu, Y., & Zhang, T. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-60326-w · Cited by 68
Johnston, J. N., Kadriu, B., Allen, J., Gilbert, J. R., Henter, I. D., & Zarate, C. A. (2023) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109422 · Cited by 73
Lee, M. T., Peng, W., Kan, H., Wu, C., Wang, D., & Ho, Y. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10051005 · Cited by 67
Inflammation, stress and depression: An exploration of ketamine’s therapeutic profile
Johnston, J. N., Greenwald, M. S., Henter, I. D., Kraus, C., Mkrtchian, A., Clark, N. G., Park, L. T., Gold, P. W., Zarate, C. A., & Kadriu, B. (2023) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103518 · Cited by 68
Altered brain dynamic in major depressive disorder: state and trait features
Javaheripour, N., Čolić, L., Opel, N., Li, M., Balajoo, S. M., Chand, T., van der Meer, J. N., Krylova, M., Izyurov, I., Meller, T., et al. (2023) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02540-0 · Cited by 67
Manosso, L. M., Camargo, A., Dafré, A. L., & Rodrigues, A. L. S. (2020) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2020.1853417 · Cited by 64
Johnson, D., Letchumanan, V., Thum, C. C., Thurairajasingam, S., & Lee, L. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15061382 · Cited by 72
Neuroinflammation and neuroprogression in depression: Effects of alternative drug treatments
Richardson, B., MacPherson, A., & Bambico, F. R. (2022) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100554 · Cited by 57
Iob, E., Baldwin, J. R., Plomin, R. J., & Steptoe, A. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01538-w · Cited by 53
Self-citationBrás, J. P., de Suduiraut, I. G., Zanoletti, O., Monari, S., Meijer, M., Grosse, J., Barbosa, M. A., Santos, S. G., Sandi, C., & Almeida, M. I. (2021) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.10.018 · Cited by 58
Ortega, V. A., Mercer, E. M., Giesbrecht, G. F., & Arrieta, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.634539 · Cited by 55
Neurobiological Links between Stress, Brain Injury, and Disease
Guo, H., Zheng, L., Xu, H., Pang, Q., Ren, Z., Gao, Y. Z., & Wang, T. (2022) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2022/8111022 · Cited by 56
Flavonols in Action: Targeting Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder
Jembrek, M. J., Oršolić, N., Karlović, D., & Peitl, V. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24086888 · Cited by 58
Neuro-nutraceutical potential of Asparagus racemosus: A review
Majumdar, S., Gupta, S., Prajapati, S. K., & Krishnamurthy, S. (2021) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105013 · Cited by 54
Auricular transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation modulates the heart-evoked potential
Poppa, T., Benschop, L., Horczak, P., Vanderhasselt, M., Carrette, E., Bechara, A., Baeken, C., & Vonck, K. E. J. (2021) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2021.12.004 · Cited by 53
Exercise as an antidepressant: exploring its therapeutic potential
Hwang, D.-J., Koo, J., Kim, T.-K., Jang, Y., Hyun, A.-H., Yook, J.-S., Yoon, C.-S., & Cho, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1259711 · Cited by 49
Microglia react to partner loss in a sex- and brain site-specific manner in prairie voles
Pohl, T. T., Jung, O., Benedetto, B. D., Young, L. J., & Bosch, O. J. (2021) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.026 · Cited by 48
Petruso, F., Giff, A., Milano, B. A., Rossi, M. M. D., & Saccaro, L. F. (2023) · Neuronal Signaling · doi:10.1042/ns20220077 · Cited by 53
Preez, A. D., Eum, J., Eiben, I., Eiben, P., Zunszain, P. A., Pariante, C. M., Thuret, S., & Fernandes, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100896 · Cited by 49
Chu, K., Cadar, D., Iob, E., & Frank, P. (2022) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2022.11.016 · Cited by 48
Self-citationClerici, L., Bottari, D., & Bottari, B. (2025) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-025-00619-2 · Cited by 54
Schlechter, P., Ford, T. J., & Neufeld, S. (2022) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911221138930 · Cited by 43
Biosensors for psychiatric biomarkers in mental health monitoring
Wang, L., Hu, Y., Jiang, N., & Yetisen, A. K. (2024) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2024.116242 · Cited by 50
Exploring the gut-brain Axis: Potential therapeutic impact of Psychobiotics on mental health
Cocean, A.-M., & Vodnar, D. C. (2024) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111073 · Cited by 52
Ju, Y., Wang, M., Lu, X., Sun, J., Dong, Q., Zhang, L., Liu, B., Liu, J., Yan, D., Guo, H., et al. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.023 · Cited by 45
Tang, M., Shi, Y., Jiang, X., Xu, H., Ma, Y., & Zhao, B. (2021) · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · doi:10.1039/d1tc01342d · Cited by 42
Effects of corticosterone on BDNF expression and mood behaviours in mice
Lin, L., Herselman, M. F., Zhou, X., & Bobrovskaya, L. (2022) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113721 · Cited by 41
Chaperone Sigma1R and Antidepressant Effect
Воронин, М. В., Vakhitova, Y. V., & Середенин, С. Б. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21197088 · Cited by 41
miR-218 in Adolescence Predicts and Mediates Vulnerability to Stress
Torres‐Berrío, A., Morgunova, A., Giroux, M., Cuesta, S., Nestler, E. J., & Flores, C. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.10.015 · Cited by 40
Mamede, A., Merkelbach, I., Noordzij, G., & Denktaş, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.820959 · Cited by 45
Mechanisms for survival: vagal control of goal-directed behavior
Teckentrup, V., & Kroemer, N. B. (2023) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2023.11.001 · Cited by 42
Aging, Social Distancing, and COVID-19 Risk: Who is more Vulnerable and Why?
Faraji, J., & Metz, G. A. S. (2021) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2021.0319 · Cited by 44
Pain and Opioid-Induced Gut Microbial Dysbiosis
Thomas, K. R., Watt, J., Wu, C. M. J., Akinrinoye, A., Amjad, S., Colvin, L., Cowe, R., Duncan, S. H., Russell, W. R., & Forget, P. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10081815 · Cited by 38
Stanton, L. M., Price, A. J., & Manning, E. E. (2023) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.13268 · Cited by 40
Kerber, A., Ehrenthal, J. C., Zimmermann, J., Remmers, C., Nolte, T., Wendt, L. P., Heim, P., Müller, S., Beintner, I., & Knaevelsrud, C. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-03046-z · Cited by 37
Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation conditions increased invigoration and wanting in depression
Ferstl, M., Kühnel, A., Klaus, J., Lin, W. M., & Kroemer, N. B. (2024) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152488 · Cited by 33
Yu, X., Yao, H., Zhang, X., Liu, L., Liu, S., & Dong, Y. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04233-2 · Cited by 33
Heart–Brain Axis: A Narrative Review of the Interaction between Depression and Arrhythmia
Fang, S., & Zhang, W. Y. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12081719 · Cited by 40
McLaughlin, A. P., Nikkheslat, N., Hastings, C. N. M., Nettis, M. A., Kose, M., Worrell, C., Zajkowska, Z., Mariani, N., Enache, D., Lombardo, G., et al. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721000088 · Cited by 32
Structural alterations of the insula in depression patients – A 7-Tesla-MRI study
Schnellbächer, G. J., Rajkumar, R., Veselinović, T., Ramkiran, S., Hagen, J., Shah, N. J., & Neuner, I. (2022) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103249 · Cited by 32
Liao, Y., Zhang, H., Guo, L., Fan, B., Wang, W., Teopiz, K. M., Lui, L. M. W., Lee, Y. L., Li, L., Han, X., et al. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.009 · Cited by 33
Refisch, A., Şen, Z. D., Klassert, T. E., Busch, A., Besteher, B., Danyeli, L. V., Helbing, D. L., Schulze‐Späte, U., Stallmach, A., Bauer, M. W., et al. (2023) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109568 · Cited by 33
Xiao, X., Zhang, H., Ning, W., Yang, Z. R., Wang, Y., & Zhang, T. (2022) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114060 · Cited by 29
Kamiya, M., Sabia, H. D., Marella, J., Fava, M., Nemeroff, C. B., Umeuchi, H., Iijima, M., Chaki, S., & Nishino, I. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.05.017 · Cited by 28
Martins‐Silva, T., Martins, R. C., Murray, J., Carvalho, A. M., Rickes, L. N., Corrêa, B. D. F., Fraga, B. B., Brum, C. B., Freitas, D. F., Meyer, F. D. T., et al. (2024) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107185 · Cited by 31
Frank, P., Ajnakina, O., Steptoe, A., & Cadar, D. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0815-9 · Cited by 29
Self-citationGreen, C., Stolicyn, A., Harris, M. A., Shen, X., Romaniuk, L., Barbu, M. C., Hawkins, E. L., Wardlaw, J. M., Steele, J. D., Waiter, G. D., et al. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01644-9 · Cited by 28
Lu, X., Liu, C., Hong, L., Qian, X., Wang, C., Jia, C.-X., & Jia, F. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-03063-y · Cited by 31
Abdelmeguid, N. E., Hammad, T. M., Abdel-Moneim, A. M., & Salam, S. A. (2022) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-022-03707-9 · Cited by 26
Focusing on the Neuro-Psycho-Biological and Evolutionary Underpinnings of the Imposter Syndrome
Chrousos, G. P., Mentis, A. A., & Dardiotis, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01553 · Cited by 31
Rapid treatments for depression: Endocannabinoid system as a therapeutic target
Sharafi, A., Pakkhesal, S., Fakhari, A., Khajehnasiri, N., & Ahmadalipour, A. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104635 · Cited by 27
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329172200232x · Cited by 28
The microbiota-gut-brain axis in pathogenesis of depression: A narrative review
Yao, H., Zhang, D., Yu, H., Shen, H., Liu, H., Meng, F., Wu, X., Zhang, G., & Wang, X. (2022) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114056 · Cited by 32
Investigating the Convergent Mechanisms between Major Depressive Disorder and Parkinson’s Disease
Tran, A. A., Smet, M. D., Grant, G. D., Khoo, T. K., & Pountney, D. L. (2020) · Complex Psychiatry · doi:10.1159/000512657 · Cited by 29
Aging as a Context for the Role of Inflammation in Depressive Symptoms
Straka, K., Tran, M.-L. M., Millwood, S. N., Swanson, J., & Kuhlman, K. R. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.605347 · Cited by 26
The antidepressant-like effects of Danzhi Xiaoyao San and its active ingredients
Xie, Z., Xie, H., Peng, X., Hu, J., Chen, L., Li, X., Hu, Q., Zeng, J., & Zeng, N. (2023) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155015 · Cited by 23
The Role of Neuroinflammation in the Comorbidity of Psychiatric Disorders and Internal Diseases
Cătălina, G. R., Gheorman, V., Gheorman, V., & Forțofoiu, M.-C. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13070837 · Cited by 27
Prenatal diurnal cortisol: Normative patterns and associations with affective symptoms and stress
Murphy, H. R., Gu, Y., Wu, Q., Brunner, J., Panisch, L. S., Best, M., Arnold, M. S., Duberstein, Z. T., Putzig, J., Carnahan, J. A., et al. (2022) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105856 · Cited by 25
Dietary intervention in depression – a review
Wu, T., Liu, R., Zhang, L., Rifky, M., Sui, W., Zhu, Q., Zhang, J., Yin, J., & Zhang, M. (2022) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d2fo02795j · Cited by 24
Feng, L.-S., Wang, Y., Liu, H., Ning, B., Yu, H.-B., Li, S., Wang, Y., Zhao, M., & Ma, J. (2024) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/j.jin2312222 · Cited by 22
Stapel, B., Fraccarollo, D., Westhoff‐Bleck, M., Bauersachs, J., Lichtinghagen, R., Jahn, K., Burkert, A., Buchholz, V., Bleich, S., Frieling, H., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-11639-1 · Cited by 25
Reliability of three versus five saliva sampling times for assessing the cortisol awakening response
Nasser, A., Ozenne, B., Høgsted, E. S., Jensen, P. S., & Frøkjær, V. G. (2022) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105950 · Cited by 21
Botschek, T., Hußlein, V., Peters, E. M. J., & Brosig, B. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1227153 · Cited by 26
Barowsky, S., Jung, J.-Y., Nesbit, N., Silberstein, M. D., D, M. F. M., Loggia, M. L., Smoller, J. W., & Lee, P. H. (2021) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.687687 · Cited by 23
Garcia, C. S., Besckow, E. M., Espíndola, C. N. D. S., Nunes, G. D., Zuge, N. P., de Azeredo, M. P., da Rocha, M. J., Júnior, L. R. C., Penteado, F., Gomes, C. S., et al. (2022) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00129 · Cited by 22
Neurobiology of resilience to early life stress
Torres‐Berrío, A., Bortolami, A., Peña, C. J., & Nestler, E. J. (2025) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-025-02158-4 · Cited by 24
Neurobiological Mechanisms Of Depression Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Jahan, A. B., & Tanev, K. S. (2022) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2022.2145362 · Cited by 22
Rana, A. K., Sharma, S., Patial, V., & Singh, D. (2022) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-021-02719-w · Cited by 24
Milic, J., Jovic, S., & Sapic, R. (2025) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes16050487 · Cited by 19
Huang, J., Peng, D., & Wang, X. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19851-6 · Cited by 19
Gut–Brain Axis, Neurodegeneration and Mental Health: A Personalized Medicine Perspective
Chunduri, A., Reddy, S. D. M., Jahanavi, M., & Reddy, C. N. (2022) · Indian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s12088-022-01033-w · Cited by 22
Edmondson-Stait, A. J., Shen, X., Adams, M. J., Barbu, M. C., Jones, H. J., Miron, V. E., Allardyce, J., Boardman, J. P., Lawrie, S. M., McIntosh, A. M., et al. (2022) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100528 · Cited by 16
Efficacy of Therapist Supported Interventions from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit to Home
McCarty, D. B., Letzkus, L., Attridge, E., & Dusing, S. C. (2023) · Clinics in Perinatology · doi:10.1016/j.clp.2022.10.004 · Cited by 19
Licinio, J., & Wong, M. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-0798-1 · Cited by 19
Shi, J., Wang, X., Kang, C., Liu, J., Ma, C., Yang, L., Hu, J., & Zhao, N. (2023) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148664 · Cited by 18
Weiss, M. H., Gutzeit, J., Appel, K. S., Bahmer, T., Beutel, M. E., Deckert, J., Fricke, J., Hanß, S., Hettich-Damm, N., Heuschmann, P. U., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.041 · Cited by 25
The Age-Dependent Association Between Vascular Risk Factors and Depressed Mood
Blöchl, M., Schaare, H. L., Kunzmann, U., & Nestler, S. (2021) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbab063 · Cited by 17
Association between serum sphingolipids and eudaimonic well-being in white U.S. adults
Berkowitz, L., Henríquez, M., Salazar, C., Rojas, E., Echeverría, G., Love, G. D., Rigotti, A., Coe, C. L., & Ryff, C. D. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-92576-3 · Cited by 18
Young, V. M., Bernal, R., Baril, A., Zeynoun, J., Wiedner, C. D., Gaona, C. A., Beiser, A., Teixeira, A. L., Salardini, A., Pase, M. P., et al. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70160 · Cited by 16
Neuropsychologische Störungen bei coronavirusassoziierten Erkrankungen
Peper, M., & Schott, J. (2021) · Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie · doi:10.1024/1016-264x/a000342 · Cited by 17
Verbiest, I., Michels, N., Tanghe, A., & Braet, C. (2021) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.020 · Cited by 23
Hamilton, O. S., Iob, E., Ajnakina, O., Kirkbride, J. B., & Steptoe, A. (2023) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.012 · Cited by 16
Self-citationAli, A. M., AL-Dossary, S. A., Fekih‐Romdhane, F., Alameri, R. A., Laranjeira, C., Khatatbeh, H., Zoromba, M. A., Alkhamees, A. A., Aljaberi, M. A. A., Pakai, A., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances · doi:10.1016/j.ijnsa.2025.100310 · Cited by 16
Hernandez-Garcia, E., Chrysikou, E. G., & Kalea, A. Z. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182010891 · Cited by 16
Zhao, Y.-J., Gui, P.-P., Xu, J., Guo, T., Li, J., Jing, W., Wang, G., & Meng, L. (2025) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2025.104635 · Cited by 18
Li, D., Singh, S., Zhang, C. D., Kaur, R. J., Ebbehøj, A. L., Atkinson, E. J., Achenbach, S. J., Stricker, N. H., Mielke, M. M., Rocca, W. A., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvad135 · Cited by 14
Phytochemicals in the treatment of patients with depression: a systemic review
Picheta, N., Piekarz, J., Daniłowska, K., Mazur, K., Piecewicz‐Szczęsna, H., & Smoleń, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1509109 · Cited by 15
Stress, mental disorder and ketamine as a novel, rapid acting treatment
Dutton, M., Can, A., Lagopoulos, J., & Hermens, D. F. (2022) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.09.006 · Cited by 17
Gostoli, S., Buzzichelli, S., Guidi, J., Sirri, L., Marzola, E., Roncuzzi, R., Daga, G. A., Fava, G. A., & Rafanelli, C. (2021) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852921000924 · Cited by 15
Bränn, E., Skalkidou, A., Schwarz, J. M., Papadopoulos, F. C., Poromaa, I. S., & Fransson, E. (2022) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100468 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Iob, E., Kirschbaum, C., & Steptoe, A.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Iob, Eleonora
- Venue
- Molecular Psychiatry
- Published
- 2019-08-21
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1130-1140
- ISSN
- 1359-4184 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5578
- PMC
- PMC7192852
- OpenAlex
- W2969829094
- Cited by
- 305
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 18.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Molecular Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- RCUK | Economic and Social Research Council (ES/P000347/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- persistent depressive symptoms, HPA axis hyperactivity, inflammation, hair cortisol, C-reactive protein, somatic depressive symptoms, older adults, depression pathophysiology, depression biomarkers, chronic stress
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Aged, C-Reactive Protein, Cognition, Depression, Female, Hair, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Inflammation, Longitudinal Studies, Male
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review