The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Frequency and profile of objective cognitive deficits in hospitalized patients recovering from COVID-19
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Early reports and case series suggest cognitive deficits occurs in some patients with COVID-19. We evaluated the frequency, severity, and profile of cognitive dysfunction in patients recovering from prolonged COVID-19 hospitalization who required acute inpatient rehabilitation prior to discharge. We analyzed cross-sectional scores from the Brief Memory and Executive Test (BMET) in a cohort of N = 57 COVID-19 patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation, calculating the frequency of impairment based on neuropsychologist diagnosis and by age-normed BMET subtests. In total, 43 patients (75%) were male, 35 (61%) were non-white, and mean age was 64.5 (SD = 13.9) years. In total, 48 (84%) were previously living at home independently. Two patients had documented preexisting cognitive dysfunction; none had known dementia. Patients were evaluated at a mean of 43.2 (SD = 19.2) days after initial admission. In total, 50 patients (88%) had documented hypoxemic respiratory failure and 44 (77%) required intubation. Forty-six patients (81%) had cognitive impairment, ranging from mild to severe. Deficits were common in working memory (26/47 [55%] of patients), set-shifting (21/44 [47%]), divided attention (18/39 [46%]), and processing speed (14/35 [40%]). Executive dysfunction was not significantly associated with intubation length or the time from extubation to assessment, psychiatric diagnosis, or preexisting cardiovascular/metabolic disease. Attention and executive functions are frequently impaired in COVID-19 patients who require acute rehabilitation prior to discharge. Though interpretation is limited by lack of a comparator group, these results provide an early benchmark for identifying and characterizing cognitive difficulties after COVID-19. Given the frequency and pattern of impairment, easy-to-disseminate interventions that target attention and executive dysfunctions may be beneficial to this population.
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“A recent article showed changes in working memory, set-shifting, divided attention, and processing speed in a cohort of 57 patients recovering from moderate/severe patients with COVID-19”
From Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19 (2022) · cites this paper as [142]
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“not being associated with intubation length, psychiatric and clinical diagnosis [142].”
From Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19 (2022) · cites this paper as [142]
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Cites
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COVID-19 induces CNS cytokine expression and loss of hippocampal neurogenesis
Soung, A., Vanderheiden, A., Nordvig, A. S., Sissoko, C. A., Canoll, P., Mariani, M. B., Jiang, X., Bricker, T. L., Rosoklija, G. B., Arango, V., et al. (2022) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awac270 · Cited by 278
“present with difficulty concentrating, insomnia, fatigue, hallucinations, delusions and behavioural changes, including suicide.(1,2)”
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COVID-19 in pregnancy: implications for fetal brain development
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“One early report using neurocognitive assessments suggested that the pattern of deficits in adults was nonspecific, consistent with other complicated hospitalizations [36].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Jaywant, A., Vanderlind, W. M., Alexopoulos, G. S., Fridman, C. B., Perlis, R. H., & Gunning, F. M.
- Affiliations
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (US)
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gunning, Faith M.
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2021-02-15
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 2235-2240
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- PMC
- PMC7884062
- OpenAlex
- W3132403899
- Cited by
- 248
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 34
- FWCI
- 25.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, post-COVID cognitive impairment, cognitive impairment, inpatient rehabilitation, executive dysfunction, attention deficits, working memory, set-shifting, divided attention, processing speed, hypoxemic respiratory failure, intubation, hospitalized patients
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Cognition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Cognitive Dysfunction
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