Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 267

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 83 of the 83 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The influence of pain, agitation, and their management on the immature brain

Open access
McPherson, Christopher, Miller, Steven P., El-Dib, Mohamed, Massaro, An N., Inder, Terrie E.·2020·Pediatric Research
DOI 10.1038/s41390-019-0744-6
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Preterm infants are exposed to frequent painful procedures and agitating stimuli over the many weeks of their hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The adverse neurobiological impact of pain and stress in the preterm infant has been well documented, including neuroimaging and neurobehavioral outcomes. Although many tools have been validated to assess acute pain, few methods are available to assess chronic pain or agitation (a clinical manifestation of neonatal stress). Both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic approaches are used to reduce the negative impact of pain and agitation in the preterm infant, with concerns emerging over the adverse effects of analgesia and sedatives. Considering benefits and risks of available treatments, units must develop a stepwise algorithm to prevent, assess, and treat pain. Nonpharmacologic interventions should be consistently utilized prior to mild to moderately painful procedures. Sucrose may be utilized judiciously as an adjunctive therapy for minor painful procedures. Rapidly acting opioids (fentanyl or remifentanil) form the backbone of analgesia for moderately painful procedures. Chronic sedation during invasive mechanical ventilation represents an ongoing challenge; appropriate containment and an optimal environment should be standard; when indicated, low-dose morphine infusion may be utilized cautiously and dexmedetomidine infusion may be considered as an emerging adjunct.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41390-019-0744-6

Cites

83 of 83 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 83 references

Cited by

See all 267

Metadata

Authors
McPherson, C., Miller, S. P., El-Dib, M., Massaro, A. N., & Inder, T. E.
Venue
Pediatric Research
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2020-01-02
Volume
88
Issue
2
Pages
168-175
ISSN
  • 0031-3998 (ISSN-L)
  • 1530-0447
DOI
10.1038/s41390-019-0744-6
OpenAlex
W2996842326
Cited by
267
References
83
FWCI
22.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The influence of pain, agitation, and their management on the immature brain. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41390-019-0744-6
The paper
McPherson, C., Miller, S. P., El-Dib, M., Massaro, A. N., & Inder, T. E. (2020). The influence of pain, agitation, and their management on the immature brain. Pediatric Research. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-019-0744-6

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.