Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 281

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 439 of the 439 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

CAR-T cell therapy for cancer: current challenges and future directions

Open access
Zugasti, Inés, Espinosa-Aroca, Lady, Fidyt, Klaudyna, Mulens-Arias, Vladimir, Diaz-Beya, Marina, Juan, Manel, Urbano-Ispizua, Álvaro, Esteve, Jordi, Velasco-Hernandez, Talia, Menéndez, Pablo·2025·Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
DOI 10.1038/s41392-025-02269-w
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapies have transformed the treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell malignancies and multiple myeloma by redirecting activated T cells to CD19- or BCMA-expressing tumor cells. However, this approach has yet to be approved for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common acute leukemia in adults and the elderly. Simultaneously, CAR-T cell therapies continue to face significant challenges in the treatment of solid tumors. The primary challenge in developing CAR-T cell therapies for AML is the absence of an ideal target antigen that is both effective and safe, as AML cells share most surface antigens with healthy hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Simultaneously targeting antigen expression on both AML cells and HSPCs may result in life-threatening on-target/off-tumor toxicities such as prolonged myeloablation. In addition, the immunosuppressive nature of the AML tumor microenvironment has a detrimental effect on the immune response. This review begins with a comprehensive overview of CAR-T cell therapy for cancer, covering the structure of CAR-T cells and the history of their clinical application. It then explores the current landscape of CAR-T cell therapy in both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Finally, the review delves into the specific challenges of applying CAR-T cell therapy to AML, highlights ongoing global clinical trials, and outlines potential future directions for developing effective CAR-T cell-based treatments for relapsed/refractory AML.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41392-025-02269-w

Cites

439 of 439 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 439 references

Cited by

See all 281

Metadata

Authors
Zugasti, I., Espinosa-Aroca, L., Fidyt, K., Mulens-Arias, V., Diaz-Beya, M., Juan, M., Urbano-Ispizua, Á., Esteve, J., Velasco-Hernandez, T., & Menéndez, P.
Venue
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2025-07-04
Volume
10
Issue
1
Pages
210-210
ISSN
2059-3635 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1038/s41392-025-02269-w
OpenAlex
W4411987245
Cited by
281
References
439
FWCI
102.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: CAR-T cell therapy for cancer: current challenges and future directions. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41392-025-02269-w
The paper
Zugasti, I., Espinosa-Aroca, L., Fidyt, K., Mulens-Arias, V., Diaz-Beya, M., Juan, M., Urbano-Ispizua, Á., Esteve, J., Velasco-Hernandez, T., & Menéndez, P. (2025). CAR-T cell therapy for cancer: current challenges and future directions. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02269-w

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.