The DOI matches its Crossref record; 118 of the 118 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
New therapeutics beyond amyloid-β and tau for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Open accessAbstract
As the population ages, Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease in elderly people, will impose social and economic burdens to the world. Currently approved drugs for the treatment of AD including cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine) and an N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist (memantine) are symptomatic but poorly affect the progression of the disease. In recent decades, the concept of amyloid-β (Aβ) cascade and tau hyperphosphorylation leading to AD has dominated AD drug development. However, pharmacotherapies targeting Aβ and tau have limited success. It is generally believed that AD is caused by multiple pathological processes resulting from Aβ abnormality, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and oxidative stress. In this review we updated the recent development of new therapeutics that regulate neurotransmitters, inflammation, lipid metabolism, autophagy, microbiota, circadian rhythm, and disease-modified genes for AD in preclinical research and clinical trials. It is to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and multiple-target intervention, which may provide a promising outcome for AD treatment.
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“The majority of phase II and III trials center around neurotransmitter receptors and Aβ mechanisms, while tau and inflammation drugs are more prominent in phase II, often featuring repurposed compounds.”
From Recent advances in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, clinical trials and new drug development strategies. (2024) · cites this paper as [437]
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“The major mechanisms of action center around: 1) neurotransmitter receptors, including AChE, NMDA receptor, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor, nicotinic α7 receptor, and adrenoceptor; 2) Aβ, including the reduction of Aβ production (such as γ-secretase inhibitors and modulators, BACE1 inhibitors, and α-secretase activators), prevention of Aβ aggregation, and enhancing Aβ clearance (vaccines and ant”
From Recent advances in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, clinical trials and new drug development strategies. (2024) · cites this paper as [437]
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Cites
Pushko, P., Pumpens, P., & Grens, E. (2013) · Intervirology · doi:10.1159/000346773 · Cited by 5,975
Two Phase 3 Trials of Bapineuzumab in Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease
Salloway, S., Sperling, R., Fox, N. C., Blennow, K., Klunk, W., Raskind, M., Sabbagh, M., Honig, L. S., Porsteinsson, A. P., Ferris, S., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1304839 · Cited by 1,960
The cholinergic system in the pathophysiology and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Hampel, H., Mesulam, M.-M., Cuello, A. C., Farlow, M. R., Giacobini, E., Grossberg, G. T., Khachaturian, A. S., Vergallo, A., Cavedo, E., Snyder, P. J., et al. (2018) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awy132 · Cited by 1,918
Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: current evidence and future directions
Calsolaro, V., & Edison, P. (2016) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.02.010 · Cited by 1,726
Clinical effects of Aβ immunization (AN1792) in patients with AD in an interrupted trial
Gilman, S., Koller, M., Black, R. S., Jenkins, L., Griffith, S. G., Fox, N. C., Eisner, L., Kirby, L., Rovira, M. B., Forette, F., et al. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000159740.16984.3c · Cited by 1,329
Wang, X., Sun, G., Feng, T., Zhang, J., Huang, X., Wang, T., Xie, Z., Chu, X., Yang, J., Wang, H., et al. (2019) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-019-0216-x · Cited by 1,144
Trial of Solanezumab for Mild Dementia Due to Alzheimer’s Disease
Honig, L. S., Vellas, B., Woodward, M., Boada, M., Bullock, R., Borrie, M., Hager, K., Andreasen, N., Scarpini, E., Liu-Seifert, H., et al. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1705971 · Cited by 1,049 · cited 1×
“Amyloid-β (Aβ)-targeted immunotherapies and β-secretase (BACE1) inhibitors such as AN-1792 [3], bapineuzumab [4], solanezumab [5], aducanumab [6], gantenerumab [7], verubecestat [8], atabecestat [9], lanabecestat [10], and elenbecestat (E2609) [11] have shown a lack of efficacy in improving cognition in AD patients.”
BackgroundCognitive stimulation to improve cognitive functioning in people with dementia
Woods, B., Aguirre, E., Spector, A. E., & Orrell, M. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005562.pub2 · Cited by 855
Oxidative Stress and the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease
Zhao, Y., & Zhao, B. (2013) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2013/316523 · Cited by 855
Andrieu, S., Guyonnet, S., Coley, N., Cantet, C., Bonnefoy, M., Bordes, S., Bories, L., Cufi, M.-N., Dantoine, T., Dartigues, J.-F., et al. (2017) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30040-6 · Cited by 838
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Huo, H., Bao, H., & Li, H. (2026) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2026.107401
Therapeutic Potential of Jiedu Yizhi Formula for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Li, Y.-Q., Chen, D.-X., Zhu, X.-T., Li, W., Jia-li, W. U., Fang, L.-M., & Li, M. (2026) · Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11655-026-3944-z
Dzib, E., Hernández‐Ayala, L. F., Silva‐Aguirre, S., & Galano, A. (2026) · ChemMedChem · doi:10.1002/cmdc.70429
Poonam, Rana, R., Thakur, M., Sharma, A., Pannu, S., Sharma, S., Naman, S., Rani, S., Devi, D., Kumar, V., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1908830
Luo, Z., Manavis, J., Yu, W., & 孙宝飞 (2026) · Human Brain · doi:10.15302/hb.2026.0009
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, F., Zhong, R.-J., Cheng, C., Li, S., & Le, W.-D.
- Affiliations
- Dalian Medical University (CN)
- Venue
- Acta Pharmacologica Sinica
- Published
- 2020-12-02
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1382-1389
- ISSN
- 0253-9756 (ISSN-L)
- 1671-4083
- 1745-7254
- PMC
- PMC8379190
- OpenAlex
- W3106951507
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12
- FWCI
- 1.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81771521)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-beta, tau hyperphosphorylation, disease-modifying therapy, neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter dysregulation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, autophagy, gut microbiota, circadian rhythm, early diagnosis, cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, preclinical drug development
- MeSH terms
- Neuroinflammatory Diseases, Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Humans, Phosphorylation, Amyloid beta-Peptides, tau Proteins, Neurodegenerative Diseases
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