The DOI matches its Crossref record; 290 of the 290 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
CAR-T and CAR-NK as cellular cancer immunotherapy for solid tumors
Open accessAbstract
In the past decade, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic approach for combating cancers, demonstrating remarkable efficacy in relapsed/refractory hematological malignancies in both pediatric and adult patients. CAR-natural killer (CAR-NK) cell complements CAR-T cell therapy by offering several distinct advantages. CAR-NK cells do not require HLA compatibility and exhibit low safety concerns. Moreover, CAR-NK cells are conducive to “off-the-shelf” therapeutics, providing significant logistic advantages over CAR-T cells. Both CAR-T and CAR-NK cells have shown consistent and promising results in hematological malignancies. However, their efficacy against solid tumors remains limited due to various obstacles including limited tumor trafficking and infiltration, as well as an immuno-suppressive tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the recent advances and current challenges of CAR-T and CAR-NK cell immunotherapies, with a specific focus on the obstacles to their application in solid tumors. We also analyze in depth the advantages and drawbacks of CAR-NK cells compared to CAR-T cells and highlight CAR-NK CAR optimization. Finally, we explore future perspectives of these adoptive immunotherapies, highlighting the increasing contribution of cutting-edge biotechnological tools in shaping the next generation of cellular immunotherapy.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Takahashi, K., & Yamanaka, S. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024 · Cited by 26,673
Cancer Immunoediting: Integrating Immunity’s Roles in Cancer Suppression and Promotion
Schreiber, R. D., Old, L. J., & Smyth, M. J. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1203486 · Cited by 6,474
Axicabtagene Ciloleucel CAR T-Cell Therapy in Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Neelapu, S. S., Locke, F. L., Bartlett, N. L., Lekakis, L. J., Miklos, D. B., Jacobson, C. A., Braunschweig, I., Oluwole, O. O., Siddiqi, T., Lin, Y., et al. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1707447 · Cited by 6,030
Molecular and cellular insights into T cell exhaustion
Wherry, E. J., & Kurachi, M. (2015) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3862 · Cited by 4,652
Functions of natural killer cells
Vivier, E., Tomasello, E., Baratin, M., Walzer, T., & Ugolini, S. (2008) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1582 · Cited by 3,943
Lee, D. W., Santomasso, B. D., Locke, F. L., Ghobadi, A., Turtle, C. J., Brudno, J. N., Maus, M. V., Park, J. H., Mead, E., Pavletic, S., et al. (2019) · Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation · doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.12.758 · Cited by 3,675
LMO2 -Associated Clonal T Cell Proliferation in Two Patients after Gene Therapy for SCID-X1
Hacein-Bey-Abina, S., Von Kalle, C., Schmidt, M., McCormack, M. P., Wulffraat, N., Leboulch, P., Lim, A., Osborne, C. S., Pawliuk, R., Morillon, E., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1088547 · Cited by 3,587
Approaches to treat immune hot, altered and cold tumours with combination immunotherapies
Galon, J., & Bruni, D. (2019) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-018-0007-y · Cited by 3,409
Car t cell immunotherapy for human cancer
June, C. H., O’Connor, R. S., Kawalekar, O. U., Ghassemi, S., & Milone, M. C. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aar6711 · Cited by 3,207
CAR-T cell therapy: current limitations and potential strategies
Sterner, R. C., & Sterner, R. M. (2021) · Blood Cancer Journal · doi:10.1038/s41408-021-00459-7 · Cited by 2,926
Cited by
Exploring and bypassing resistance to targeted therapies in colorectal cancer
Favier, S., Xiong, W., Chalabi-Dchar, M., Chettab, K., Piercey, O., Wu, T., Fenouil, T., Albaret, M.-A., Jordheim, L. P., Diaz, J.-J., et al. (2025) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118741 · Cited by 12
De Homdedeu, M., Escribá, R., Rodríguez-González, K., Querol, S., Fernandez-Sojo, J., & Alvarez-Palomo, B. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1719452 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Peng, L., Sferruzza, G., Yang, L., Zhou, L., & Chen, S.
- Venue
- Cellular & Molecular Immunology
- Published
- 2024-08-12
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1089-1108
- ISSN
- 1672-7681 (ISSN-L)
- 2042-0226
- OpenAlex
- W4401519600
- Cited by
- 373
- References
- 290
- FWCI
- 57.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: CAR-T and CAR-NK as cellular cancer immunotherapy for solid tumors. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41423-024-01207-0
- The paper
- Peng, L., Sferruzza, G., Yang, L., Zhou, L., & Chen, S. (2024). CAR-T and CAR-NK as cellular cancer immunotherapy for solid tumors. Cellular & Molecular Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-024-01207-0
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
