Cited by 6,474Cancer Immunotherapy and BiomarkersImmunotherapy and Immune ResponsesImmune cells in cancer

Cancer Immunoediting: Integrating Immunity’s Roles in Cancer Suppression and Promotion

Schreiber, Robert D., Old, Lloyd J., Smyth, Mark J.·2011·Science

Abstract

Understanding how the immune system affects cancer development and progression has been one of the most challenging questions in immunology. Research over the past two decades has helped explain why the answer to this question has evaded us for so long. We now appreciate that the immune system plays a dual role in cancer: It can not only suppress tumor growth by destroying cancer cells or inhibiting their outgrowth but also promote tumor progression either by selecting for tumor cells that are more fit to survive in an immunocompetent host or by establishing conditions within the tumor microenvironment that facilitate tumor outgrowth. Here, we discuss a unifying conceptual framework called "cancer immunoediting," which integrates the immune system's dual host-protective and tumor-promoting roles.

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Crossref · 10.1126/science.1203486

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71 of 71 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Chronic inflammation or smoldering inflammation often creates an equilibrium between killing of immunogenic tumor cells and immune tolerance, finally driving tumor outgrowth.

    “However, chronic inflammation or smoldering inflammation often creates an equilibrium between killing of immunogenic tumor cells and immune tolerance, finally driving tumor outgrowth.”
  • The immune system can promote the selection of tumor cells and favor cancer progression in situations of chronic inflammation or immunosuppression.

    “The immune system plays a dual role in liver cancer and can sense and eliminate preneoplastic and malignant hepatocytes5,6; it can also promote the selection of tumor cells and favor cancer progression in situations of chronic inflammation or immunosuppression7–9.”

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Authors
Schreiber, R. D., Old, L. J., & Smyth, M. J.
Affiliations
  • Washington University in St. Louis (US)
  • Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
  • The University of Melbourne (AU)
Corresponding author
Schreiber, Robert D.
Venue
Science
Published
2011-03-25
Volume
331
Issue
6024
Pages
1565-1570
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W2004630197
Cited by
6,474
References
71
Citations by year
2026: 325 · 2025: 369 · 2024: 470 · 2023: 560 · 2022: 562 · 2021: 604 · 2020: 567 · 2019: 488 · 2018: 404 · 2017: 433 · 2016: 429 · 2015: 372 · 2014: 278 · 2013: 318 · 2012: 224
FWCI
26.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
Keywords
cancer immunoediting, tumor immune evasion, tumor suppression, tumor promotion, tumor microenvironment, tumor immunology, tumor progression, immune surveillance
MeSH terms
Animals, Antigens, Neoplasm, Humans, Immune System, Immune Tolerance, Immunity, Innate, Immunologic Surveillance, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms, Prognosis, Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating, Immunocompromised Host, Models, Immunological, Tumor Escape, Mice, Adaptive Immunity

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