Do we have enough ophthalmologists to manage vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy? A global perspective
Open accessAbstract
We aimed to estimate the supply of ophthalmologists in relation to the global and regional burden of vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR). Diabetes mellitus (DM) population data from seven world regions were obtained from the International Diabetes Federation Atlas 2017. A systematic review was performed to include population-, community-based studies that reported country-specific VTDR prevalence. Random effect meta-analysis was then performed to estimate global and regional VTDR prevalence. VTDR prevalence estimates coupled with DM population data were then used to estimate the number of VTDR cases. Global and regional number of ophthalmologists were derived from the International Council of Ophthalmology Report 2015. Fifty studies (17 from Western Pacific [WP], nine North America and Caribbean [NAC], nine Middle East and North Africa [MENA], five Europe, eight South East Asia [SEA], one South and Central America [SACA] and one from Africa) were included. Global VTDR prevalence was 7.26% (95% CI, 6.18-8.32%). Regional VTDR prevalence was 14.35% in Africa, 11.21% in MENA, 10.00% in NAC, 6.32% in Europe, 6.22% in WP, 5.83% in SACA and 2.97% in SEA. Globally, there were 7.16 ophthalmologists per 1000 VTDR patients. Europe had the highest ophthalmologist per 1000 VTDR patient ratio at 18.03 followed by SACA (17.41), while NAC, MENA and Africa had the lowest at 4.90, 4.81 and 0.91 respectively. Across regions, the ophthalmologist densities ranged from 0.91 to 18.03 per 1000 VTDR patients, with NAC, MENA and Africa having less than 5 ophthalmologists per 1000 patients. These findings will aid global and regional policy planning and healthcare resource allocation for VTDR management.
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The shortage of medical experts is emerging as a critical challenge that must be addressed to ensure the sustainability of healthcare delivery.
“the shortage of medical experts is emerging as a critical challenge that must be addressed to ensure the sustainability of healthcare delivery.4”
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- Authors
- Teo, Z. L., Tham, Y.-C., Yu, M., Cheng, C.-Y., Wong, T. Y., & Sabanayagam, C.
- Affiliations
- Singapore National Eye Center (SG)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Sabanayagam, Charumathi
- Venue
- Eye
- Published
- 2020-01-28
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1255-1261
- ISSN
- 0078-5334 (ISSN-L)
- 0950-222X
- 1476-5454
- PMC
- PMC7314752
- OpenAlex
- W3003397993
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9
- FWCI
- 7.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Eye (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Singapore Eye Research Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Global Health Workforce Issues
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
- Keywords
- vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy, physician workforce, diabetes prevalence, prevalence estimation, healthcare resource allocation, global burden of disease, regional disparities
- MeSH terms
- Ophthalmologists, Africa, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Retinopathy, Ethnicity, Humans, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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