Diabetic retinopathy
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a common and specific microvascular complication of diabetes, and remains the leading cause of preventable blindness in working-aged people. It is identified in a third of people with diabetes and associated with increased risk of life-threatening systemic vascular complications, including stroke, coronary heart disease, and heart failure. Optimum control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and possibly blood lipids remains the foundation for reduction of risk of retinopathy development and progression. Timely laser therapy is effective for preservation of sight in proliferative retinopathy and macular oedema, but its ability to reverse visual loss is poor. Vitrectomy surgery might occasionally be needed for advanced retinopathy. New therapies, such as intraocular injection of steroids and antivascular endothelial growth-factor agents, are less destructive to the retina than are older therapies, and could be useful in patients who respond poorly to conventional therapy. The outlook for future treatment modalities, such as inhibition of other angiogenic factors, regenerative therapy, and topical therapy, is promising.
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Diabetic eye disease is a leading cause of blindness in the world.
“Diabetic eye disease (DED) is a leading cause of blindness in the world.”
From Autonomous artificial intelligence for diabetic eye disease increases access and health equity in underserved populations (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
Diabetic eye disease affects a third of people with diabetes mellitus and is a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment in working-aged adults in the developed world.
“Diabetic eye disease (DED) affects a third of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) and is a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment in working-aged adults in the developed world1.”
From Autonomous artificial intelligence for diabetic eye disease increases access and health equity in underserved populations (2024) · cites this paper as [1]
Another change is widened retinal venular caliber which might be independently related to the prevalence and progression in diabetic retinopathy, as well as an indicator of developing retinopathy.
“Also, another change is widened retinal venular caliber which might be independently related to the prevalence and progression in diabetic retinopathy, as well as an indicator of developing retinopathy (105, 106).”
From Diabetes and Sarcopenic Obesity: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatments (2020) · cites this paper as [105]
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Self-citationIntravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection for Treatment of Refractory Diabetic Macular Edema
Yilmaz, T., Weaver, C. D., Gallagher, M. J., Cordero‐Coma, M., Cervantes-Castañeda, R. A., Klisovic, D. D., Lavaque, A. J., & Larson, R. J. (2009) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.02.002 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Klein, R. (2009) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.172 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
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Why cotton wool spots should not be regarded as retinal nerve fibre layer infarcts
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The Role of Genetics in Susceptibility to Diabetic Retinopathy
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Self-citationRetinal Arteriolar Caliber Predicts Incident Retinopathy
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Self-citationInflammatory, Hemostatic, and Other Novel Biomarkers for Diabetic Retinopathy
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Expression of Erythropoietin and Its Receptor in the Human Retina
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Takamura, Y., Kubo, E., & Akagi, Y. (2009) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.01.014 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Wang, S., Wang, J. J., & Wong, T. Y. (2008) · Survey of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.06.003 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationErythropoietin — An Endogenous Retinal Survival Factor
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Davis, M. D., Sheetz, M. J., Aiello, L. P., Milton, R. C., Danis, R. P., Zhi, X., Girach, A., Jiménez, M. C. H., & Vignati, L. (2009) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2473 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Rosiglitazone and Delayed Onset of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Shen, L. Q. (2008) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.126.6.793 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Klein, R., Lee, K. E., Knudtson, M. D., Gangnon, R. E., & Klein, R. (2009) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.03.012 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
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Self-citationCheema, R. A., Al-Mubarak, M. M., Amin, Y. M., & Cheema, M. A. (2008) · Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.09.019 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
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Is Menarche Associated With Diabetic Retinopathy?
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Islam, A. F. M., Nguyen, T. T., Wang, J. J., Tai, E. S., Shankar, A., Saw, S., Aung, T., Lim, S.-C., Mitchell, P. L. R., & Wong, T. Y. (2008) · Eye · doi:10.1038/eye.2008.362 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationFarley, T., Mandava, N., Prall, F. R., & Carsky, C. (2008) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.857 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Lack of Association Between Thiazolidinediones and Macular Edema in Type 2 Diabetes
Ambrosius, W. T. (2010) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.310 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Targeting Intraocular Neovascularization and Edema — One Drop at a Time
Aiello, L. P. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcibr0804551 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Retinal Vascular Lesions in Patients of Caucasian and Asian Origin With Type 2 Diabetes
Stolk, R. P., van Schooneveld, M. J., Cruickshank, J. K., Hughes, A. D., Stanton, A. V., Lu, J., Patel, A. A., Thom, S., Grobbee, D. E., & Vingerling, J. R. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-1657 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Changes in Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus–Related Eye Disease Among US Elderly Persons, 1994-2005
Sloan, F. A. (2008) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.126.11.1548 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Cheung, N., Tikellis, G., & Wang, J. J. (2007) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.07.010 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationPotential Application of Adult Stem Cells in Retinal Repair—Challenge for Regenerative Medicine
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Emerging drugs for diabetic retinopathy
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Self-citationPrediction of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy With Hemoglobin Level
Conway, B. N. (2009) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.274 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
From A Population to Patients: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy
Varma, R. (2008) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.09.023 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Somatostatin analogues as therapeutics in retinal disease
Vasilaki, A., & Thermos, K. (2009) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.03.010 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
A prize catch for diabetic retinopathy
Gardner, T. W., & Antonetti, D. A. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0207-131 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
DIRECT new treatments for diabetic retinopathy
Mitchell, P., & Wong, T. Y. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61413-0 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationFenofibrate and diabetic retinopathy
Cheung, N., & Wong, T. Y. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60333-5 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevention of diabetic retinopathy
Einarsdottir, A. B., & Stefánsson, E. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60750-9 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Systemic management of diabetic retinopathy
Liew, G., Mitchell, P., & Wong, T. Y. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b441 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationRuboxistaurin mesilate hydrate for diabetic retinopathy
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Are Inflammatory Factors Related to Retinal Vessel Caliber?
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Flagged first, then by citations
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Ting, D. S. W., Cheung, C. Y.-L., Lim, G., Tan, G. S. W., Quang, N. D., Gan, A., Hamzah, H., Garcia-Franco, R., San Yeo, I. Y., Lee, S. Y., et al. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2017.18152 · Cited by 2,402 · see citing works
Self-citationGlobal Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Projection of Burden through 2045
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Self-citationGuidelines on Diabetic Eye Care
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Cost-effectiveness of artificial intelligence screening for diabetic retinopathy in rural China
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Antioxidant Phytochemicals as Potential Therapy for Diabetic Complications
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- Authors
- Cheung, N., Mitchell, P., & Wong, T. Y.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Wong, Tien Yin
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-07
- Volume
- 376
- Issue
- 9735
- Pages
- 124-136
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- OpenAlex
- W4211205882
- Cited by
- 3,288
- References
- 141
- Citations by year
- 2026: 303 · 2025: 404 · 2024: 331 · 2023: 307 · 2022: 334 · 2021: 343 · 2020: 265 · 2019: 163 · 2018: 174 · 2017: 135 · 2016: 127 · 2015: 102 · 2014: 90 · 2013: 70 · 2012: 77
- FWCI
- 12.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal and Macular Surgery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
- Keywords
- diabetic retinopathy, diabetic microvascular complications, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, laser photocoagulation, vitrectomy, intravitreal steroid injection, anti-VEGF therapy, glycemic control, blood pressure control, angiogenic factors, regenerative therapy, topical treatment, avoidable blindness
- MeSH terms
- Diabetic Retinopathy, Humans, Risk Factors
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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