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Assessing the energy transition in China towards carbon neutrality with a probabilistic framework

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Zhang, Shu, Chen, Wenying·2022·Nature Communications

Abstract

A profound transformation of China’s energy system is required to achieve carbon neutrality. Here, we couple Monte Carlo analysis with a bottom-up energy-environment-economy model to generate 3,000 cases with different carbon peak times, technological evolution pathways and cumulative carbon budgets. The results show that if emissions peak in 2025, the carbon neutrality goal calls for a 45–62% electrification rate, 47–78% renewable energy in primary energy supply, 5.2–7.9 TW of solar and wind power, 1.5–2.7 PWh of energy storage usage and 64–1,649 MtCO 2 of negative emissions, and synergistically reducing approximately 80% of local air pollutants compared to the present level in 2050. The emission peak time and cumulative carbon budget have significant impacts on the decarbonization pathways, technology choices, and transition costs. Early peaking reduces welfare losses and prevents overreliance on carbon removal technologies. Technology breakthroughs, production and consumption pattern changes, and policy enhancement are urgently required to achieve carbon neutrality.

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Metadata

Authors
Zhang, S., & Chen, W.
Venue
Nature Communications
Published
2022-01-10
Volume
13
Issue
1
Pages
87-87
ISSN
2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4205617679
Cited by
550
References
4
FWCI
30.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold

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Zhang, S., & Chen, W. (2022). Assessing the energy transition in China towards carbon neutrality with a probabilistic framework. Nature Communications. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27671-0

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