Structural diversity and clustering of bacterial flagellar outer domains
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Abstract
Supercoiled flagellar filaments function as mechanical propellers within the bacterial flagellum complex, playing a crucial role in motility. Flagellin, the building block of the filament, features a conserved inner D0/D1 core domain across different bacterial species. In contrast, approximately half of the flagellins possess additional, highly divergent outer domain(s), suggesting varied functional potential. In this study, we report atomic structures of flagellar filaments from three distinct bacterial species: Cupriavidus gilardii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Geovibrio thiophilus. Our findings reveal that the flagella from the facultative anaerobic G. thiophilus possesses a significantly more negatively charged surface, potentially enabling adhesion to positively charged minerals. Furthermore, we analyze all AlphaFold predicted structures for annotated bacterial flagellins, categorizing the flagellin outer domains into 682 structural clusters. This classification provides insights into the prevalence and experimental verification of these outer domains. Remarkably, two of the flagellar structures reported herein belong to a distinct cluster, indicating additional opportunities on the study of the functional diversity of flagellar outer domains. Our findings underscore the complexity of bacterial flagellins and open up possibilities for future studies into their varied roles beyond motility.
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Transcription Regulation of Flagellins: A Structural Perspective
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CryoEM-enabled visual proteomics reveals de novo structures of oligomeric protein complexes
Shen, Y., Maggiolo, A. O., Zhang, T., & Warmack, R. A. (2025) · Structure · doi:10.1016/j.str.2025.06.007 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Rescue of bacterial motility using two- and three-species FliC chimeras
Scadden, J., Ridone, P., Pandit, D., Sowa, Y., & Baker, M. A. B. (2025) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00517-24 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cryo-EM reconstruction of helical polymers: Beyond the simple cases
Kreutzberger, M. A. B., Sonani, R. R., & Egelman, E. H. (2024) · Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics · doi:10.1017/s0033583524000155 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Structural basis for curvature generation and functional specialization in spirochete flagella
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Validation of helical symmetry parameters in the EMDB
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Flagellin beyond motility: exploiting flagellar filaments in biotechnology
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From Swimming to Sensing: The Multifunctional Flagella of Helicobacter
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DNAJB13 polymorphisms and association with idiopathic asthenozoospermia in Sichuan, China
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Insights into the structure and diversity of the bacterial flagellum from cryo-EM studies
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Phages Targeting Flagella: Adsorption and Infection Mechanisms of Flagellotropic Phages
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- Authors
- Fields, J. L., Zhang, H., Bellis, N. F., Petersen, H. A., Halder, S. K., Rich-New, S. T., Krupovic, M., Wu, H., & Wang, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wu, Hui
- Wang, Fengbin
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2024-11-03
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9500-9500
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11532411
- OpenAlex
- W4404010269
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 6.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (DESC0020322)
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (75N91019D00024)
- National Institutes of Health (1s10od024978-01a1)
- National Cancer Institute (75N91019D00024, P30CA013148)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R00GM138756, K99GM138756)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE028329, R01DE022350, T90DE030859)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Enzyme Structure and Function
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Structural Biology › Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- bacterial flagellum, flagellin, structural clustering, Cupriavidus gilardii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, surface charge, bacterial motility, AlphaFold predictions
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