The DOI matches its Crossref record; 221 of the 226 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Energy autonomous electronic skin
Open accessAbstract
Energy autonomy is key to the next generation portable and wearable systems for several applications. Among these, the electronic-skin or e-skin is currently a matter of intensive investigations due to its wider applicability in areas, ranging from robotics to digital health, fashion and internet of things (IoT). The high density of multiple types of electronic components (e.g. sensors, actuators, electronics, etc.) required in e-skin, and the need to power them without adding heavy batteries, have fuelled the development of compact flexible energy systems to realize self-powered or energy-autonomous e-skin. The compact and wearable energy systems consisting of energy harvesters, energy storage devices, low-power electronics and efficient/wireless power transfer-based technologies, are expected to revolutionize the market for wearable systems and in particular for e-skin. This paper reviews the development in the field of self-powered e-skin, particularly focussing on the available energy-harvesting technologies, high capacity energy storage devices, and high efficiency power transmission systems. The paper highlights the key challenges, critical design strategies, and most promising materials for the development of an energy-autonomous e-skin for robotics, prosthetics and wearable systems. This paper will complement other reviews on e-skin, which have focussed on the type of sensors and electronics components.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“It is worth noting that a hybrid energy supply could further enhance the stability of energy supply 112 .”
From A review of sampling, energy supply and intelligent monitoring for long-term sweat sensors (2022) · cites this paper as [112]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Items 201–221 of 221
Enhanced Lithium‐Storage Performance from Three‐Dimensional MoS2 Nanosheets/Carbon Nanotube Paper
Li, H., Wang, X., Ding, B., Pang, G., Nie, P., Shen, L., & Zhang, X. (2014) · ChemElectroChem · doi:10.1002/celc.201402056 · Cited by 50
A wearable textile antenna for wireless power transfer by magnetic resonance
Heo, E., Choi, K., Kim, J., Park, J.-H., & Lee, H. (2017) · Textile Research Journal · doi:10.1177/0040517517690626 · Cited by 49 · cited 1×
“Furthermore, a wearable textile antenna has exhibited reasonable good performance in WPT through magnetic resonance mechanism.(179) With four planar spiral coils embroidered with conductive threads, this WPT system could transfer a total power of 12.”
MethodStrömmer, E., Jurvansuu, M., Tuikka, T., Ylisaukko-oja, A., Rapakko, H., & Vesterinen, J. (2012) · International Workshop on Near Field Communication (NFC) · doi:10.1109/nfc.2012.17 · Cited by 47
(2018) · Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON) · doi:10.1109/iecon.2018.8591197 · Cited by 39
High energy density in-situ sodium plated battery with current collector foil as anode
Rudola, A., Gajjela, S. R., & Balaya, P. (2017) · Electrochemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2017.12.013 · Cited by 38
Huang, L., Rao, W., Fan, L., Xu, J., Bai, Z., Xu, W., & Bao, H. (2018) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym10020135 · Cited by 36
Electrokinetic Supercapacitor for Simultaneous Harvesting and Storage of Mechanical Energy
Yang, P., Qu, X., Liu, K., Duan, J., Li, J., Chen, Q., Xue, G., Xie, W., Xu, Z., & Zhou, J. (2018) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.7b18640 · Cited by 35 · cited 4×
“Reprinted with permission from Yang et al.55 Copyright © 2009, American Chemical Society. g 2D schema, h optical micrograph and i SEM image of a nanogenerator based on fibre-NW heterostructure. j1–j3 2D schema of piezoelectric generation working principle.”
MethodInfluentialEnergy Harvesting for Self-Powered Wearable Devices
Alhawari, M., Mohammad, B., Saleh, H., & Ismail, M. (2018) · Analog Circuits and Signal Processing · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62578-2 · Cited by 33
Integration Techniques for Micro/Nanostructure-Based Large-Area Electronics
García‐Núñez, C., Liu, F., Xu, S., & Dahiya, R. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108691574 · Cited by 33
Self-citationXu, Z., Liu, Y., Williams, I., Li, Y., Qian, F., Wang, L., Lei, Y., & Li, B. (2017) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.01.104 · Cited by 30
Thermoelectric energy harvester fabricated by Stepper
Su, J., Vullers, R. J. M., Goedbloed, M. H., van Andel, Y., Leonov, V. N., & Wang, Z. (2009) · Microelectronic Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.mee.2009.11.135 · Cited by 22 · cited 3×
“5k) to increase the overall energy generated by the resulting device.(142) Since this technology is based on microand nano-structures the scalability of the process is not expected to hinder significantly the portability (e.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialYeknami, A. F., Wang, X., Imani, S., Nikoofard, A., Jeerapan, I., Wang, J., & Mercier, P. P. (2018) · Digest of technical papers/Digest of technical papers - IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference · doi:10.1109/isscc.2018.8310295 · Cited by 19
Huifang, Zhang, Z., Dengji, Xiao, Qian, Q., -, L., Yuanyuan, Ma, Shuxia, Yuan, et al. (2018) · Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni · Cited by 17
Towards flexible asymmetric MSM structures using Si microwires through contact printing
Khan, S., Lorenzelli, L., & Dahiya, R. (2017) · Semiconductor Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/1361-6641/aa7b50 · Cited by 13
Self-citationLu, J. G., Xu, S., Du, Y., Lin, L., Wang, Y., & He, D. (2016) · Materials Letters · doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2016.08.151 · Cited by 11 · cited 1×
“3% and PD up to 53W/m(2).(76) Alternatively, the progress made in the solutionbased methods to synthesize metal oxide nanostructures such as ZnO NWs at low temperatures (100 °C), makes possible the direct growth of these nanostructures on plastic substrates.”
BackgroundWireless power system for charge supercapacitors as power sources for implantable devices
Aqueveque, P., & Barboza, J. (2015) · doi:10.1109/wow.2015.7132857 · Cited by 10 · cited 1×
“2 F, which can be quickly (<2min) and fully charged through a WPT, and then continuously utilized for 33 h (when connecting micro- and nano-devices loads).(178) Furthermore, a wearable textile antenna has exhibited reasonable good performance in WPT through magnetic resonance mechanism.”
MethodTowards thermoelectric nanostructured energy harvester for wearable applications
Koukharenko, E., Boden, S. A., Sessions, N. P., Fréty, N., Nandhakumar, I. S., & White, N. M. (2017) · Journal of Materials Science Materials in Electronics · doi:10.1007/s10854-017-8277-4 · Cited by 10 · cited 2×
“5 W/cm(3) and 4mW/cm(3), respectively, at temperature gradients ranging between 20 and 50 K.(129) The TE generators based on bulk and thin film materials have relatively poor efficiency (~10%) and large size, which is not compatible with flexible substrates and hinders their application as energy harvester in wearable…”
BackgroundDahiya, R. (2015) · doi:10.1109/aisem.2015.7066762 · Cited by 10 · cited 3×
“Reprinted with permission from Dahiya et al.(211) Copyright © 2015, IEEE.”
Self-citationCombing non-epitaxially grown nanowires for large-area electronic devices
Song, H., & Lee, M. H. (2013) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/0957-4484/24/28/285302 · Cited by 9 · cited 1×
“) and developing new approaches to improve their integration over largeareas.(39,188,207,208) In the initial phase of e-skin development the use of low-power electronics was a matter of intensive investigation.”
BackgroundMin, G., Manjakkal, L., Mulvihill, D. M., & Dahiya, R. (2018) · Proceedings of IEEE Sensors/Proceedings of IEEE Sensors ... · doi:10.1109/icsens.2018.8589631 · Cited by 4 · cited 1×
“However, this mechanism is now being explored to transform mechanical energy to electricity to drive a wide range of applications.(46,47,121) A large number of natural systems inherently present motions (e.”
BackgroundSelf-citationStretchable glucose biofuel cell with wirings made of multiwall carbon nanotubes
Fujimagari, Y., & Nishioka, Y. (2015) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/660/1/012130 · Cited by 1 · cited 1×
“BFCs have also demonstrated great applicability as they meet such requirements due to their biocompatibility, flexibility/stretchability, and scalability towards high-power-density generation, compatibility to soft substrate to minimize the impact on skin irritation and wearers comfort.(153,154) For such wearable syst…”
Background
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Khan, S., Dahiya, R. S. & Lorenzelli, L. In Proc. 44th European Solid State Dev. Res. Conf. (ESSDERC) 86–89 (IEEE, Venice, 2014).
- Hakim, M. M. A. et al. Low cost mass manufacturable silicon nano-sensors for detection of molecules in gas phase. SF J. Nanochem. Nanotechnol. 1, 1006 (2018).
- Torfs, T. Pulse oximeter fully powered by human body heat. Sens. Transducers J. 80, 1230–1238 (2007).
- Agbinya, J. I. Wireless Power Transfer Vol. 45 (River Publishers, 2015).
- Jadidian, J. & Katabi, D. Wireless power transfer. U.S. Patent No. 9,800,076 (2017).
- Navaraj, W. T., Gupta, S., Lorenzelli, L. & Dahiya, R. Wafer scale transfer of ultra-thin silicon chips on flexible substrates for high performance bendable systems. Adv. Electron. Mater. 4, 1700277 (2018). · DOI
- Rao, R. K. Electronic skin patch for real time monitoring of cardiac activity and personal health management. U.S. Patent No. 8,734,339 (2014).
- Strömmer, E. Hillukkala, M. & Ylisaukko-oja, A. in Wireless Sensors Actor Networks 131–142 (Springer, Boston, 2007).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Peng, X., Dong, K., Ye, C., Jiang, Y., Zhai, S., Cheng, R., Liu, D., Gao, X., Wang, J., & Wang, Z. L. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba9624 · Cited by 886
Smart Textile‐Integrated Microelectronic Systems for Wearable Applications
Shi, J., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Yang, B., Shu, L., Yang, Y., Ren, M., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Chen, W., et al. (2019) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201901958 · Cited by 839
Advances in healthcare wearable devices
Iqbal, S. M. A., Mahgoub, I., Du, E., Leavitt, M. A., & Asghar, W. (2021) · npj Flexible Electronics · doi:10.1038/s41528-021-00107-x · Cited by 714
Pyo, S., Lee, J. Y., Bae, K., Sim, S., & Kim, J. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202005902 · Cited by 647
Glycine–Chitosan-Based Flexible Biodegradable Piezoelectric Pressure Sensor
Hosseini, E. S., Manjakkal, L., Shakthivel, D., & Dahiya, R. (2020) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.9b21052 · Cited by 478
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- García Núñez, C., Manjakkal, L., & Dahiya, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Dahiya, Ravinder
- Venue
- npj Flexible Electronics
- Published
- 2019-01-04
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2397-4621 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2906776524
- Cited by
- 332
- References
- 226
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 34
- FWCI
- 16.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- npj Flexible Electronics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- The UWS Academic Portal (University of the West of Scotland) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/R029644/1, EP/M002527/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks
- Keywords
- electronic skin, energy self-sufficiency, self-powered devices, energy harvesting, energy storage devices, wireless power transfer, wearable electronics, flexible energy systems, prosthetics, robotics, Internet of Things
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
