The DOI matches its Crossref record; 111 of the 111 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Optimizing the utilization of aluminum adjuvants in vaccines: you might just get what you want
Open accessAbstract
Aluminum-containing adjuvants have been used for over 90 years to enhance the immune response to vaccines. Recent work has significantly advanced our understanding of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of these adjuvants, offering key insights on underlying mechanisms. Given the long-term success of aluminum adjuvants, we believe that they should continue to represent the “gold standard” against which all new adjuvants should be compared. New vaccine candidates that require adjuvants to induce a protective immune responses should first be evaluated with aluminum adjuvants before other more experimental approaches are considered, since use of established adjuvants would facilitate both clinical development and the regulatory pathway. However, the continued use of aluminum adjuvants requires an appreciation of their complexities, in combination with access to the necessary expertise to optimize vaccine formulations. In this article, we will review the properties of aluminum adjuvants and highlight those elements that are critical to optimize vaccine performance. We will discuss how other components (excipients, TLR ligands, etc.) can affect the interaction between adjuvants and antigens, and impact the potency of vaccines. This review provides a resource and guide, which will ultimately contribute to the successful development of newer, more effective and safer vaccines.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hornung, V., Bauernfeind, F., Halle, A., Samstad, E. O., Kono, H., Rock, K. L., Fitzgerald, K. A., & Latz, E. (2008) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1631 · Cited by 3,065
Understanding protein adsorption phenomena at solid surfaces
Rabe, M., Verdes, D., & Seeger, S. (2011) · Advances in Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.cis.2010.12.007 · Cited by 1,664
Crucial role for the Nalp3 inflammasome in the immunostimulatory properties of aluminium adjuvants
Eisenbarth, S. C., Colegio, O. R., O’Connor, W., Sutterwala, F. S., & Flavell, R. A. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06939 · Cited by 1,542
Key roles of adjuvants in modern vaccines
Reed, S. G., Orr, M. T., & Fox, C. B. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3409 · Cited by 1,419
Self-citationToll-like receptors control activation of adaptive immune responses
Schnare, M., Barton, G. M., Holt, A. C., Takeda, K., Akira, S., & Medzhitov, R. (2001) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni712 · Cited by 1,365
Adsorption of proteins from solution at the solid-liquid interface
Norde, W. (1986) · Advances in Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/0001-8686(86)80012-4 · Cited by 1,102
Stability of Protein Pharmaceuticals: An Update
Manning, M. C., Chou, D. K., Murphy, B. M., Payne, R. W., & Katayama, D. S. (2010) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-009-0045-6 · Cited by 1,098
Kool, M., Soullié, T., van Nimwegen, M., Willart, M. A. M., Muskens, F., Jung, S., Hoogsteden, H. C., Hammad, H., & Lambrecht, B. N. (2008) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20071087 · Cited by 993
Didierlaurent, A. M., Morel, S., Lockman, L., Giannini, S. L., Bisteau, M., Carlsen, H., Kielland, A., Vosters, O., Vanderheyde, N., Schiavetti, F., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0901474 · Cited by 758
Cutting Edge: Inflammasome Activation by Alum and Alum’s Adjuvant Effect Are Mediated by NLRP3
Li, H., Willingham, S. B., Ting, J. P.-Y., & Re, F. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.1.17 · Cited by 675
Cited by
Vaccine adjuvants: mechanisms and platforms
Zhao, T., Cai, Y., Jiang, Y., He, X., Wei, Y., Yu, Y., & Tian, X. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01557-7 · Cited by 1,020
Immunological considerations for COVID-19 vaccine strategies
Jeyanathan, M., Afkhami, S., Smaill, F., Miller, M. S., Lichty, B. D., & Xing, Z. (2020) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-020-00434-6 · Cited by 1,015
Toward Nanotechnology-Enabled Approaches against the COVID-19 Pandemic
Weiss, C., Carriere, M., Fusco, L., Capua, I., Regla-Nava, J. A., Pasquali, M., Scott, J. A., Vitale, F., Unal, M. A., Mattevi, C., et al. (2020) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c03697 · Cited by 601
Vaccine adjuvants: Understanding the structure and mechanism of adjuvanticity
Shi, S., Zhu, H., Xia, X., Liang, Z., Ma, X., & Sun, B. (2019) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.055 · Cited by 423
Biocompatibility of nanomaterials and their immunological properties
Kyriakides, T. R., Raj, A., Tseng, T. H., Xiao, H., Nguyen, R., Mohammed, F. S., Halder, S., Xu, M., Wu, M. J., Bao, S., et al. (2021) · Biomedical Materials · doi:10.1088/1748-605x/abe5fa · Cited by 389
Metadata
- Authors
- HogenEsch, H., O’Hagan, D. T., & Fox, C. B.
- Venue
- npj Vaccines
- Published
- 2018-10-10
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 51-51
- ISSN
- 2059-0105 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2895493756
- Cited by
- 391
- References
- 111
- FWCI
- 12.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Optimizing the utilization of aluminum adjuvants in vaccines: you might just get what you want. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41541-018-0089-x
- The paper
- HogenEsch, H., O’Hagan, D. T., & Fox, C. B. (2018). Optimizing the utilization of aluminum adjuvants in vaccines: you might just get what you want. npj Vaccines. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-018-0089-x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
