Planck evidence for a closed Universe and a possible crisis for cosmology
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Varying Ωk or Alens gives a similar best fit of the lensing reconstruction data.
“This is why varying Ω k or A lens gives a similar best fit of the lensing reconstruction data (see Figure 5 of Ref. [86]).”
From Challenges of the Standard Cosmological Model (2022) · cites this paper as [86]
The discussion of Fig. 5 (page not supplied) says the best-fit closed model and the model with elevated A_lens predict very similar lensing-potential spectra. But those are fits to the PL18 power spectra, not to the lensing reconstruction data; the paper says the closed model predicts too much lensing compared with that data. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFixing the Universe to be flat leads to an anomalous value for Alens > 1, while Alens can be in agreement with its expected value if a closed Universe is allowed.
“fixing the Universe to be flat leads to this anomalous value for A lens > 1, while A lens can be in agreement with its expected value if we are open to the possibility of a closed Universe.”
From Challenges of the Standard Cosmological Model (2022) · cites this paper as [86]
BAO + SNeIa + BBN + SH0ES gives Ωk = -0.091 ± 0.037 at 68% CL, slightly preferring a closed Universe.
“BAO + SNeIa + BBN + SH0ES gives Ω k = -0.091± 0.037 at 68% CL, i.e., slightly preferring a closed Universe.”
From Challenges of the Standard Cosmological Model (2022) · cites this paper as [86]
BAO + SNeIa + BBN gives H0 = 79.6 ± 6.8 km/s/Mpc at 68% CL, perfectly consistent with SH0ES, but at 3.4σ tension with Planck.
“BAO + SNeIa + BBN gives H 0 = 79.6 ± 6.8 km/s/Mpc at 68% CL, perfectly consistent with SH0ES, but at 3.4σ tension with Planck”
From Challenges of the Standard Cosmological Model (2022) · cites this paper as [86]
When curvature is allowed to vary, there is a strong >3σ disagreement between the Planck constraints and the BAO measurements.
“when we let the curvature vary there is a strong > 3σ disagreement between the Planck constraints and the BAO measurements (see Figure 4 of Ref. [86])”
From Challenges of the Standard Cosmological Model (2022) · cites this paper as [86]
There is a degeneracy between the curvature and the Alens parameters.
“There is clearly a degeneracy between the curvature and the A lens parameters, as shown in Figure 2 of Ref. [86]”
From Challenges of the Standard Cosmological Model (2022) · cites this paper as [86]
Gravitational lensing breaks the geometrical degeneracy, and using simulated Planck measurements it was shown that such an experiment could constrain the curvature of the Universe to be flat with an uncertainty of 2%, with no significant bias towards closed models.
“since gravitational lensing depends on the matter density, its detection in the CMB power spectra breaks the geometrical degeneracy and, using simulated Planck measurements, it was shown in Ref. [86] that such an experiment could constrain the curvature of the Universe to be flat with an uncertainty of 2%, with no significant bias towards closed models.”
From Challenges of the Standard Cosmological Model (2022) · cites this paper as [86]
It is possible to obtain precise measurements of Ωk from a CMB experiment.
“This is a confirmation that it is possible to obtain precise measurements of Ω k from a CMB experiment, as suggested by the simulations in Ref. [86]”
From Challenges of the Standard Cosmological Model (2022) · cites this paper as [86]
A recent evidence suggests that the universe may be closed.
“A recent evidence suggests that the universe may be closed [1].”
From A nonsingular, anisotropic universe in a black hole with torsion and particle production (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
The closed geometry and anisotropy of the observed universe may indicate that the universe was born in a black hole.
“The closed geometry [1] and anisotropy [48] of the observed universe may indicate that the universe was born in a black hole.”
From A nonsingular, anisotropic universe in a black hole with torsion and particle production (2021) · cites this paper as [1]
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- Authors
- Di Valentino, E., Melchiorri, A., & Silk, J.
- Affiliations
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Melchiorri, Alessandro
- Venue
- Nature Astronomy
- Published
- 2019-11-04
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 196-203
- ISSN
- 2397-3366 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2987576354
- Cited by
- 673
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 76 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 108 · 2022: 96 · 2021: 150 · 2020: 112 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 48.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Astronomy (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- H2020 European Research Council (681431)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Keywords
- cosmic microwave background, positive spatial curvature, closed universe, cosmological tensions, baryon acoustic oscillations, beyond the Standard Model
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