Cited by 1,361Advanced Drug Delivery SystemsNanoparticle-Based Drug DeliveryRNA Interference and Gene Delivery

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 269 of the 275 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The evolution of commercial drug delivery technologies

Vargason, Ava M., Anselmo, Aaron C., Mitragotri, Samir·2021·Nature Biomedical Engineering

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Drug delivery technologies have enabled the development of many pharmaceutical products that improve patient health by enhancing the delivery of a therapeutic to its target site, minimizing off-target accumulation and facilitating patient compliance. As therapeutic modalities expanded beyond small molecules to include nucleic acids, peptides, proteins and antibodies, drug delivery technologies were adapted to address the challenges that emerged. In this Review Article, we discuss seminal approaches that led to the development of successful therapeutic products involving small molecules and macromolecules, identify three drug delivery paradigms that form the basis of contemporary drug delivery and discuss how they have aided the initial clinical successes of each class of therapeutic. We also outline how the paradigms will contribute to the delivery of live-cell therapies.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41551-021-00698-w

Cites

269 of 269 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Items 201–269 of 269

Immunogenicity and autoimmunity during anti-TNF therapy
Atzeni, F., Talotta, R., Salaffi, F., Cassinotti, A., Varisco, V., Battellino, M., Ardizzone, S., Pace, F., & Sarzi‐Puttini, P. (2012) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2012.10.021 · Cited by 196
Current approaches to increase CAR T cell potency in solid tumors: targeting the tumor microenvironment
Scarfò, I., & Maus, M. V. (2017) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1186/s40425-017-0230-9 · Cited by 195
Macrophage Delivery of Therapeutic Nanozymes in A Murine Model of Parkinson‘S Disease
Brynskikh, A. M., Zhao, Y., Mosley, R. L., Li, S., Boska, M. D., Klyachko, N. L., Kabanov, A. V., Gendelman, H. E., & Batrakova, E. V. (2010) · Nanomedicine · doi:10.2217/nnm.10.7 · Cited by 190
Fomivirsen – a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide for the treatment of CMV retinitis
de Smet, M. D., Meenken, C., & van den Horn, G. J. (1999) · Ocular Immunology and Inflammation · doi:10.1076/ocii.7.3.189.4007 · Cited by 189
Programmable microencapsulation for enhanced mesenchymal stem cell persistence and immunomodulation
Mao, A. S., Özkale, B., Shah, N. J., Vining, K. H., Descombes, T., Zhang, L., Tringides, C. M., Wong, S. W., Shin, J., Scadden, D. T., et al. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1819415116 · Cited by 178
Side-effects of a monoclonal antibody, muromonab CD3/orthoclone OKT3: bibliographic review
Sgro, C. (1995) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0300-483x(95)03123-w · Cited by 170
Insulin Degludec in Type 1 Diabetes
Birkeland, K. I., Home, P., Wendisch, U., Ratner, R. E., Johansen, T., Endahl, L. A., Lyby, K., JENDLE, J. H., Roberts, A. P., DeVries, J. H., et al. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-1925 · Cited by 160
Challenges and Future Prospects for the Delivery of Biologics: Oral Mucosal, Pulmonary, and Transdermal Routes
Morales, J. O., Fathe, K., Brunaugh, A. D., Ferrati, S., Li, S., Montenegro-Nicolini, M., Mousavikhamene, Z., McConville, J. T., Prausnitz, M. R., & Smyth, H. D. C. (2017) · The AAPS Journal · doi:10.1208/s12248-017-0054-z · Cited by 159
Overview of Antibody Drug Delivery
Awwad, S., & Angkawinitwong, U. (2018) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics10030083 · Cited by 159
Alnylam launches era of RNAi drugs
Garber, K. (2018) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0918-777 · Cited by 156
Major limitations in the use of cationic liposomes for DNA delivery
Filion, M. C., & Phillips, N. C. (1998) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/s0378-5173(97)00423-7 · Cited by 155
Solubility behavior and biopharmaceutical classification of novel high-solubility ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin pharmaceutical derivatives
Breda, S. A., Jimenez-Kairuz, A. F., Manzo, R. H., & Olivera, M. E. (2008) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.12.026 · Cited by 152
Recent technologies in pulsatile drug delivery systems
Jain, D. K., Raturi, R., Jain, V. K., Bansal, P., & Singh, R. (2011) · Biomatter · doi:10.4161/biom.1.1.17717 · Cited by 152
Osmotic Drug Delivery System as a Part of Modified Release Dosage Form
Keraliya, R. A., Patel, C. A., Patel, P., Keraliya, V., Soni, T. G., Patel, R. C., & Patel, M. M. (2012) · ISRN Pharmaceutics · doi:10.5402/2012/528079 · Cited by 149
Therapeutic antibodies: their mechanisms of action and the pathological findings they induce in toxicity studies
Suzuki, M., Kato, C., & Kato, A. (2015) · Journal of Toxicologic Pathology · doi:10.1293/tox.2015-0031 · Cited by 141
Overcoming Challenges Facing Advanced Therapies in the EU Market
Abou‐El‐Enein, M., Elsanhoury, A., & Reinke, P. (2016) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2016.08.012 · Cited by 135
Kinetics of Drug Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion
Nelson, E. (1961) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.2600500302 · Cited by 132
Immunogenicity assessment during the development of protein therapeutics
Rosenberg, A. S., & Sauna, Z. E. (2018) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/jphp.12810 · Cited by 131
Panitumumab the first fully human monoclonal antibody: from the bench to the clinic
Cohenuram, M. K., & Saif, M. W. (2006) · Anti-Cancer Drugs · doi:10.1097/cad.0b013e32800feecb · Cited by 130
Therapeutically engineered induced neural stem cells are tumour-homing and inhibit progression of glioblastoma
Bagó, J. R., Alfonso-Pecchio, A. R., Okolie, O., Dumitru, R., Rinkenbaugh, A. L., Baldwin, A. S., Miller, C. R., Magness, S. T., & Hingtgen, S. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms10593 · Cited by 129
Modulation of tumor microenvironment for immunotherapy: focus on nanomaterial-based strategies
Liu, Y., Guo, J., & Huang, L. (2020) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.42998 · Cited by 129
Prodrug Design to Improve Pharmacokinetic and Drug Delivery Properties: Challenges to the Discovery Scientists
Jana, S., Mandlekar, S., & Marathe, P. (2010) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/092986710793205426 · Cited by 127
Pegylation of Biological Molecules and Potential Benefits: Pharmacological Properties of Certolizumab Pegol
Pasut, G. (2014) · BioDrugs · doi:10.1007/s40259-013-0064-z · Cited by 126
Encoded libraries of chemically modified peptides
Heinis, C., & Winter, G. P. (2015) · Current Opinion in Chemical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.02.008 · Cited by 124
Strategies for intranasal delivery of vaccines
Zaman, M., Chandrudu, S., & Tóth, I. (2012) · Drug Delivery and Translational Research · doi:10.1007/s13346-012-0085-z · Cited by 122
Controlled Drug Delivery
Robinson, J., & Lee, V. H. L. (1987) · Drugs and the pharmaceutical sciences · doi:10.1201/b14193 · Cited by 120
Efficacy and Safety of OROS Methylphenidate in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Parallel Group, Dose-Escalation Study
Adler, L. A., Zimmerman, B., Starr, H. L., Silber, S., Palumbo, J., Orman, C., & Spencer, T. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e3181a390ce · Cited by 106
Single-injection vaccines: Progress, challenges, and opportunities
McHugh, K. J., Guarecuco, R., Langer, R., & Jaklenec, A. (2015) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.07.029 · Cited by 105
Nano-sized drug-loaded micelles deliver payload to lymph node immune cells and prolong allograft survival
Dane, K. Y., Nembrini, C., Tomei, A. A., Eby, J. K., O’Neil, C. P., Velluto, D., Swartz, M. A., Inverardi, L., & Hubbell, J. A. (2011) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.08.009 · Cited by 105
Pegademase bovine (PEG-ADA) for the treatment of infants and children with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID
Gaspar, H. B. (2009) · Biologics · doi:10.2147/btt.s3103 · Cited by 104
Gabapentin bioavailability: effect of dose and frequency of administration in adult patients with epilepsy
Gidal, B. E., DeCerce, J., Bockbrader, H. N., Gonzalez, J., Kruger, S., Pitterle, M. E., Rutecki, P. A., & Ramsay, R. E. (1998) · Epilepsy Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-1211(98)00020-5 · Cited by 103
Microenvironmental pH-modification to improve dissolution behavior and oral absorption for drugs with pH-dependent solubility
Taniguchi, C., Kawabata, Y., Wada, K., Yamada, S., & Onoue, S. (2014) · Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery · doi:10.1517/17425247.2014.881798 · Cited by 100
Physiological Pharmaceutics
Washington, N., Washington, C., & WILSON, C. G. (2000) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780203483701 · Cited by 100
Polypeptides with High Zwitterion Density for Safe and Effective Therapeutics
Zhang, P., Jain, P. R., Tsao, C., Yuan, Z., Li, W., Li, B., Wu, K., Hung, H., Lin, X., & Jiang, S. (2018) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201802452 · Cited by 97
Insulin Glargine
Dunn, C. J., Plosker, G. L., Keating, G. M., McKeage, K., & Scott, L. J. (2003) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-200363160-00007 · Cited by 95
XYLOCAIN–A NEW LOCAL ANALGESIC
Gordh, T. (1949) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1949.tb05802.x · Cited by 95
Technosphere ™ /Insulin—A New Approach for Effective Delivery of Human Insulin Via the Pulmonary Route
Pfützner, A., Mann, A. E., & Steiner, S. S. (2002) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/152091502320798204 · Cited by 90
Hepatic-Directed Vesicle Insulin: A Review of Formulation Development and Preclinical Evaluation
Geho, W. B., Geho, H. C., Lau, J. R., & Gana, T. J. (2009) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229680900300627 · Cited by 90
An anionic, endosome-escaping polymer to potentiate intracellular delivery of cationic peptides, biomacromolecules, and nanoparticles
Evans, B. C., Fletcher, R. B., Kilchrist, K. V., Dailing, E. A., Mukalel, A. J., Colazo, J. M., Oliver, M. L., Cheung‐Flynn, J., Brophy, C. M., Tierney, J. W., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12906-y · Cited by 89
The role of citric acid in oral peptide and protein formulations: Relationship between calcium chelation and proteolysis inhibition
Welling, S. H., Hubálek, F., Jacobsen, J. B., Brayden, D. J., Rahbek, U. L., & Buckley, S. T. (2014) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.12.017 · Cited by 86
In Vivo Stability of Therapeutic Proteins
Schuster, J., Koulov, A. V., Mahler, H., Detampel, P., Huwyler, J., Singh, S. K., & Mathaes, R. (2020) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-019-2689-1 · Cited by 81
Microemulsion technology in the reformulation of cyclosporine: the reason behind the pharmacokinetic properties of Neoral
Ritschel, W. A. (1996) · Clinical Transplantation · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0012.1996.tb00458.x · Cited by 79
The clinical potential of gene editing as a tool to engineer cell‐based therapeutics
Ashmore‐Harris, C., & Fruhwirth, G. O. (2020) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s40169-020-0268-z · Cited by 79
Na+-K+ discrimination by “pure” phospholipid membranes
Papahadjopoulos, D. (1971) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/0005-2736(71)90323-3 · Cited by 77
Pharmacokinetics and renal excretion of desmopressin after intravenous administration to healthy subjects and renally impaired patients
Agersø, H., Larsen, L. S., Riis, A., Lövgren, U., Karlsson, M. O., & Senderovitz, T. (2004) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02175.x · Cited by 77
Uptake and Intracellular Processing of Targeted and Nontargeted Liposomes by Rat Kupffer Cells In Vivo and In Vitroa
Scherphof, G. L., DIJKSTRA, J., Spanjer, H. H., DERKSEN, J. T. P., & Roerdink, F. H. (1985) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb18414.x · Cited by 76
Clinical translation of microbe‐based therapies: Current clinical landscape and preclinical outlook
Vargason, A. M., & Anselmo, A. C. (2018) · Bioengineering & Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/btm2.10093 · Cited by 71
Self-citation
Future prospect of insulin inhalation for diabetic patients: The case of Afrezza versus Exubera
Al-Tabakha, M. M. (2015) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.07.025 · Cited by 69
Manufacturing models permitting roll out/scale out of clinically led autologous cell therapies: regulatory and scientific challenges for comparability
Hourd, P. C., Ginty, P. J., Chandra, A., & Williams, D. (2014) · Cytotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.03.005 · Cited by 68
Dexamethasone prodrugs as potent suppressors of the immunostimulatory effects of lipid nanoparticle formulations of nucleic acids
Chen, S., Zaifman, J., Kulkarni, J. A., Zhigaltsev, I. V., Tam, Y. K., Ciufolini, M. A., Tam, Y. Y. C., & Cullis, P. R. (2018) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.026 · Cited by 68
Improvement of drug-like properties of peptides: the somatostatin paradigm
Ovadia, O., Greenberg, S., Laufer, B., Gilon, C., Hoffman, A., & Kessler, H. (2010) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1517/17460441.2010.493935 · Cited by 65
Recent Developments in Therapeutic Peptides for the Glucagon-like Peptide 1 and 2 Receptors
Suzuki, R., Brown, G. A., Christopher, J. A., Scully, C. C. G., & Congreve, M. (2019) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00835 · Cited by 64
Potential for pharmaceutical excipients to impact absorption: A mechanistic review for BCS Class 1 and 3 drugs
Flanagan, T. R. (2019) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.05.020 · Cited by 61
Sipuleucel-T (Provenge®)—Autopsy of an Innovative Paradigm Change in Cancer Treatment: Why a Single-Product Biotech Company Failed to Capitalize on its Breakthrough Invention
Jarosławski, S., & Toumi, M. (2015) · BioDrugs · doi:10.1007/s40259-015-0140-7 · Cited by 54
Skin Transfection Patterns and Expression Kinetics of Electroporation-Enhanced Plasmid Delivery Using the CELLECTRA-3P, a Portable Next-Generation Dermal Electroporation Device
Amante, D. H., Smith, T. R. F., Mendoza, J. M., Schultheis, K., McCoy, J. R., Khan, A. S., Sardesai, N. Y., & Broderick, K. E. (2015) · Human Gene Therapy Methods · doi:10.1089/hgtb.2015.020 · Cited by 52
Allogeneic cardiosphere-derived cells (CAP-1002) in critically ill COVID-19 patients: compassionate-use case series
Singh, S., Chakravarty, T., Chen, P., Akhmerov, A., Falk, J., Friedman, O., Zaman, T., Ebinger, J. E., Gheorghiu, M., Marbán, L., et al. (2020) · Basic Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00395-020-0795-1 · Cited by 52
Seventy Years of Polyethylene Glycols in Gastroenterology: The Journey of PEG 4000 and 3350 From Nonabsorbable Marker to Colonoscopy Preparation to Osmotic Laxative
Fordtran, J. S., & Hofmann, A. F. (2017) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.01.027 · Cited by 37
“Marker of Self” CD47 on lentiviral vectors decreases macrophage-mediated clearance and increases delivery to SIRPA-expressing lung carcinoma tumors
Sosale, N. G., Ivanovska, I. I., Tsai, R. K., Swift, J., Hsu, J., Alvey, C. M., Zoltick, P. W., & Discher, D. E. (2016) · Molecular Therapy — Methods & Clinical Development · doi:10.1038/mtm.2016.80 · Cited by 35
Applications of alginate biopolymer in drug delivery
Grøndahl, L., Lawrie, G. A., Anitha, A., & Shejwalkar, A. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102680-9.00014-7 · Cited by 32
Subcutaneous trastuzumab: a review of its use in HER2-positive breast cancer
Sanford, M. (2014) · Targeted Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11523-014-0313-1 · Cited by 23
Immunogenicity Risk Assessment for PEGylated Therapeutics
Mora, J. R., White, J. T., & DeWall, S. L. (2020) · The AAPS Journal · doi:10.1208/s12248-020-0420-0 · Cited by 22
Cell Therapy Landscape
Malik, N. N., & Durdy, M. B. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410396-2.00007-4 · Cited by 21
Allo-priming as a universal anti-viral vaccine: protecting elderly from current COVID-19 and any future unknown viral outbreak
Har-Noy, M., & Or, R. (2020) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-020-02363-3 · Cited by 20
[Resuscitation in embolic and toxic complication caused by intravascular administration of a depot-penicillin].
Clauberg, G. (1966) · PubMed · Cited by 18
Employing drug delivery strategies to create safe and effective pharmaceuticals for COVID ‐19
McHugh, K. J. (2020) · Bioengineering & Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/btm2.10163 · Cited by 14
Molecular Modification in Modern Drug Research
Tishler, M. (1964) · Advances in chemistry series · doi:10.1021/ba-1964-0045.ch001 · Cited by 10
Correcting Rare Blood Disorders Using Coagulation Factors Produced In Vivo By Shielded Living TherapeuticsTM Products
Carmona, G., Barney, L. E., Sewell, J. A., Newman, R., Carroll, C., Beauregard, M., Huang, J., Heidebrecht, R. W., Corzo, D., Moller, D., et al. (2019) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2019-127050 · Cited by 8
Chapter 14: Practical Considerations in High Concentration Formulation Development for Monoclonal Antibody Drug Products
Hu, Q., Jiang, B., Liu, D., Tang, X. C., Daly, T. J., & Shameem, M. (2020) · AAPS advances in the pharmaceutical sciences series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-31415-6_14 · Cited by 7
Abstract 3577: Application of deep IL-15 backpacks to human T cells demonstrates tunable loading with enhanced cell proliferation and antitumor activity
Cao, P., Chang, D.-K., Rakestraw, A., Shaw, A., Pucci, F., Fachin, F., McInnis, C. M., Carey, S., Boesch, A. W., Chirgwin, D., et al. (2018) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-3577 · Cited by 3

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Dost, F. H. Der Blutspiegel: Kinetik der Konzentrationsabläufe in der Kreislaufflüssigkeit (Georg Thieme, 1953).
DeLoach, J. R. & Sprandel, U. (eds) in Bibliotheca Haematologica Vol. 51 (Karger, 1985).

Sorted by citations

Drug delivery systems for RNA therapeutics
Paunovska, K., Loughrey, D., & Dahlman, J. E. (2022) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-021-00439-4 · Cited by 1,349
Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery
Beach, M. A., Nayanathara, U., Gao, Y., Zhang, C., Xiong, Y., Wang, Y., & Such, G. K. (2024) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00705 · Cited by 1,279
Smart nanoparticles for cancer therapy
Sun, L., Liu, H., Ye, Y., Lei, Y., Islam, R., Tan, S., Tong, R., Miao, Y.-B., & Cai, L. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01642-x · Cited by 1,073
“276 In order to achieve these goals, researchers and medical experts have established various methods to overcome the inherent defects of current drugs.”
Background
Advances in drug delivery systems, challenges and future directions
Ezike, T. C., Okpala, U. S., Onoja, U. L., Nwike, C. P., Ezeako, E. C., Okpara, O. J., Okoroafor, C. C., Eze, S. C., Kalu, O. L., Odoh, E. C., et al. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17488 · Cited by 1,040
“Furthermore, it improves drug solubility, target site accumulation, efficacy, pharmacological activity, pharmacokinetic properties, patient acceptance, and compliance, and reduces drug toxicity [2].”
Background
Recent advances in transdermal drug delivery systems: a review
Jeong, W. Y., Kwon, M., Choi, H. E., & Kim, K. S. (2021) · Biomaterials Research · doi:10.1186/s40824-021-00226-6 · Cited by 598

See all 1,361

Authors: Vargason, A. M., Anselmo, A. C., & Mitragotri, S.
Affiliations: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Mitragotri, Samir
ORCID: Vargason, Ava M.
Anselmo, Aaron C.
Mitragotri, Samir
Venue: Nature Biomedical Engineering
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2021-04-01
Volume: 5
Issue: 9
Pages: 951-967
ISSN: 2157-846X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00698-w
OpenAlex: W3143156272
Cited by: 1,361
References: 275
Citations by year: 2026: 170 · 2025: 314 · 2024: 366 · 2023: 293 · 2022: 170 · 2021: 48
FWCI: 19.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Nature Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation (DGE-1650116)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R35GM137898, 1R01HL143806-01)
United States Department of Defense | Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA1-15-1-0045)
U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH-19-2-0011)
Topics: Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
Keywords: drug delivery technology, small molecules, macromolecules, nucleic acids, proteins, immunoglobulins, medication adherence
MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Preparations, Humans, Nucleic Acids, Peptides, Proteins, Drug Delivery Systems

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The evolution of commercial drug delivery technologies

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks