The DOI matches its Crossref record; 90 of the 90 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Tether-free photothermal deep-brain stimulation in freely behaving mice via wide-field illumination in the near-infrared-II window
Open accessAbstract
Neural circuitry is typically modulated via invasive brain implants and tethered optical fibres in restrained animals. Here we show that wide-field illumination in the second near-infrared spectral window (NIR-II) enables implant-and-tether-free deep-brain stimulation in freely behaving mice with stereotactically injected macromolecular photothermal transducers activating neurons ectopically expressing the temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1). The macromolecular transducers, ~40 nm in size and consisting of a semiconducting polymer core and an amphiphilic polymer shell, have a photothermal conversion efficiency of 71% at 1,064 nm, the wavelength at which light attenuation by brain tissue is minimized (within the 400-1,800 nm spectral window). TRPV1-expressing neurons in the hippocampus, motor cortex and ventral tegmental area of mice can be activated with minimal thermal damage on wide-field NIR-II illumination from a light source placed at distances higher than 50 cm above the animal's head and at an incident power density of 10 mW mm-2. Deep-brain stimulation via wide-field NIR-II illumination may open up opportunities for social behavioural studies in small animals.
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“near-infrared light (NIR) at the wavelength from 700 to 1600 nm has attracted great attention in this field due to its deep tissue penetration.”
From The blood–brain barrier: Structure, regulation and drug delivery (2023) · cites this paper as [212]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wu, X., Jiang, Y., Rommelfanger, N. J., Yang, F., Zhou, Q., Yin, R., Liu, J., Cai, S., Ren, W., Shin, A., Ong, K. S., Pu, K., & Hong, G.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Pu, Kanyi
- Hong, Guosong
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Biomedical Engineering
- Published
- 2022-03-21
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 754-770
- ISSN
- 2157-846X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9232843
- OpenAlex
- W4221010482
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 15
- FWCI
- 22.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R00AG056636)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Keywords
- wide-field illumination, TRPV1, semiconducting polymer nanoparticles, freely moving mice, hippocampus, motor cortex, ventral tegmental area, social behavior
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Lighting, Polymers, Temperature, Transducers, Mice
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