A systematic review of the costs and impacts of integrating variable renewables into power grids
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Estimates of grid reinforcement costs are seldomly reported by distribution system operators and data availability at high renewable energy penetration is scarce.
“Since estimates of grid reinforcement costs are seldomly reported by the distribution system operators and the data availability at high RE penetration is scarce [32]”
From Spatial analysis of distribution grid capacity and costs to enable massive deployment of PV, electric mobility and electric heating (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
Cites
The Role of Firm Low-Carbon Electricity Resources in Deep Decarbonization of Power Generation
Sepulveda, N. A., Jenkins, J. D., de Sisternes, F. J., & Lester, R. K. (2018) · Joule · doi:10.1016/j.joule.2018.08.006 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
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Gupta, R., Pena-Bello, A., Streicher, K. N., Roduner, C., Farhat, Y., Thöni, D., Patel, M. K., & Parra, D. (2021) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116504 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Ejuh Che, E., Roland Abeng, K., Iweh, C. D., Tsekouras, G. J., & Fopah-Lele, A. (2025) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en18030689 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
- Authors
- Heptonstall, P. J., & Gross, R. J. K.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Heptonstall, Philip J.
- Venue
- Nature Energy
- Published
- 2020-11-02
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 72-83
- ISSN
- 2058-7546 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3097027128
- Cited by
- 321
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 71 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 29
- FWCI
- 1.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Energy (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/S029575/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Power System Optimization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Integrated Energy Systems Optimization
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Energy Engineering and Power Technology › Power Systems and Renewable Energy
- Keywords
- variable renewable energy, wind energy, solar energy, power system flexibility, renewable energy penetration, decarbonization, least-cost energy planning, power system impact
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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