Cited by 177Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchSleep and related disordersSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

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Overanxious and underslept

Ben Simon, Eti, Rossi, Aubrey, Harvey, Allison G., Walker, Matthew P.·2019·Nature Human Behaviour

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Abstract

Are you feeling anxious? Did you sleep poorly last night? Sleep disruption is a recognized feature of all anxiety disorders. Here, we investigate the basic brain mechanisms underlying the anxiogenic impact of sleep loss. Additionally, we explore whether subtle, societally common reductions in sleep trigger elevated next-day anxiety. Finally, we examine what it is about sleep, physiologically, that provides such an overnight anxiety-reduction benefit. We demonstrate that the anxiogenic impact of sleep loss is linked to impaired medial prefrontal cortex activity and associated connectivity with extended limbic regions. In contrast, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) slow-wave oscillations offer an ameliorating, anxiolytic benefit on these brain networks following sleep. Of societal relevance, we establish that even modest night-to-night reductions in sleep across the population predict consequential day-to-day increases in anxiety. These findings help contribute to an emerging framework explaining the intimate link between sleep and anxiety and further highlight the prospect of non-rapid eye movement sleep as a therapeutic target for meaningfully reducing anxiety.

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“Conversely, slow-wave oscillations during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep may partially restore this cor-ticolimbic coupling, thereby exerting anxiolytic effects [1, 2, 15].”
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“Supporting this view, both mnemonic and affective responses to emotional experiences have been linked to NREM-related neural activities, including SWS duration, slow-wave EEG power, spindle activity, and, more recently, SO-spindle coupling 25 – 29 .”
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Yang, K., Cui, J., Wang, W., & Yang, J.-X. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1957118
Anxiety and self-control mediate the association between sleep quality and procrastination: Behavioral and neural evidence
Zhuang, X., Zhang, X., yin, Y., Ti, S. U., Xu, T., & Feng, T. (2026) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2026.113479
Trait anxiety selectively amplifies reward learning under uncertainty, while N3 sleep attenuates it
Deshmukh, R., & Ramakrishnan, A. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.117745
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Authors: Ben Simon, E., Rossi, A., Harvey, A. G., & Walker, M. P.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
Corresponding author: Walker, Matthew P.
ORCID: Ben Simon, Eti
Harvey, Allison G.
Walker, Matthew P.
Venue: Nature Human Behaviour
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2019-11-04
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Pages: 100-110
ISSN: 2397-3374 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1038/s41562-019-0754-8
OpenAlex: W2987569059
Cited by: 177
References: 96
Citations by year: 2026: 24 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 2
FWCI: 10.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: correction (2020-11-30)
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Nature Human Behaviour (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (RF1AG054019, R01AG015019, R01AG031164)
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH093537)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords: sleep deprivation, anxiety, medial prefrontal cortex, limbic system
MeSH terms: Adult, Amygdala, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Limbic System, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Stages, Prefrontal Cortex, Young Adult, Functional Neuroimaging

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