Kinesin expands and stabilizes the GDP-microtubule lattice
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Abstract
Kinesin-1 is a nanoscale molecular motor that walks towards the fast-growing (plus) ends of microtubules, hauling molecular cargo to specific reaction sites in cells. Kinesin-driven transport is central to the self-organization of eukaryotic cells and shows great promise as a tool for nano-engineering 1 . Recent work hints that kinesin may also play a role in modulating the stability of its microtubule track, both in vitro 2,3 and in vivo 4 , but the results are conflicting 5-7 and the mechanisms are unclear. Here, we report a new dimension to the kinesin-microtubule interaction, whereby strong-binding state (adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-bound and apo) kinesin-1 motor domains inhibit the shrinkage of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) microtubules by up to two orders of magnitude and expand their lattice spacing by ~1.6%. Our data reveal an unexpected mechanism by which the mechanochemical cycles of kinesin and tubulin interlock, and so allow motile kinesins to influence the structure, stability and mechanics of their microtubule track.
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Various microtubule-binding proteins have higher affinities for expanded or compacted lattices in vitro and can induce lattice expansion or compaction, respectively.
“various microtubule-binding proteins have higher affinities for expanded or compacted lattices in vitro and can also induce lattice expansion or compaction, respectively (Ferro et al., 2022; Guedes-Dias et al., 2019; Peet et al., 2018; Shima et al., 2018; Watanabe et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2017)”
From StableMARK-decorated microtubules in cells have expanded lattices (2025) · cites this paper as Peet et al., 2018
In vitro, at high concentrations in the no-nucleotide state, the kinesin-1 motor domain can extend microtubule lattice spacing, suggesting it prefers to bind to the expanded lattice conformation at lower concentrations.
“Third, in vitro experiments have revealed that at high concentrations in the no-nucleotide state, the kinesin-1 motor domain can extend MT lattice spacing, suggesting that it prefers to bind to this expanded MT lattice conformation at lower concentrations (Peet et al., 2018; Shima et al., 2018).”
From A live-cell marker to visualize the dynamics of stable microtubules throughout the cell cycle (2023) · cites this paper as Peet et al., 2018
Kinesin binding expands the microtubule lattice, suggesting that exclusive binding may arise from competition for an expanded versus compacted lattice.
“Apart from steric clashes between tau and kinesin9,41, kinesin binding expands the microtubule lattice4,6 suggesting that exclusive binding may arise from competition for an expanded versus compacted lattice.”
From Microtubule lattice spacing governs cohesive envelope formation of tau family proteins (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
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Cites
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Self-citationWhat kinesin does at roadblocks: the coordination mechanism for molecular walking
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Axonal transport: Driving synaptic function
Guedes-Dias, P., & Holzbaur, E. L. F. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaw9997 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Microtubule lattice spacing governs cohesive envelope formation of tau family proteins
Siahaan, V., Tan, R., Humhalova, T., Libusova, L., Lacey, S. E., Tan, T., Dacy, M., Ori-McKenney, K. M., McKenney, R. J., Braun, M., et al. (2022) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/s41589-022-01096-2 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Mechanism and regulation of kinesin motors.
Yildiz, A. (2025) · Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-024-00780-6 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
A live-cell marker to visualize the dynamics of stable microtubules throughout the cell cycle
Jansen, K. I., Iwanski, M. K., Burute, M., & Kapitein, L. C. (2023) · Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.202106105 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
StableMARK-decorated microtubules in cells have expanded lattices
de Jager, L., Jansen, K. I., Hoogebeen, R., Akhmanova, A., Kapitein, L. C., Förster, F., & Howes, S. C. (2025) · Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.202206143 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Peet, D. R., Burroughs, N. J., & Cross, R. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Warwick (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Cross, Robert A.
- Venue
- Nature Nanotechnology
- Published
- 2018-03-12
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 386-391
- ISSN
- 1748-3387 (ISSN-L)
- 1748-3395
- PMC
- PMC5937683
- OpenAlex
- W2791508075
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 4.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Nanotechnology (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) (acceptedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (103895/Z/14/Z)
- University of Warwick
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/G530233/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Treatment and Pharmacology
- Keywords
- kinesin-1, microtubule lattice, microtubule stability, lattice spacing, mechanochemical cycle, tubulin, molecular motors, freight transport
- MeSH terms
- Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate, Animals, Guanosine Diphosphate, Microtubules, Swine, Kinesins, Amino Acid Substitution, Mutation, Missense
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