Cited by 120Microtubule and mitosis dynamicsProtein Structure and DynamicsCancer Treatment and Pharmacology

An ATP Gate Controls Tubulin Binding by the Tethered Head of Kinesin-1

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Alonso, Maria C., Drummond, Douglas R., Kain, Susan, Hoeng, Julia, Amos, Linda, Cross, Robert A.·2007·Science

Abstract

Kinesin-1 is a two-headed molecular motor that walks along microtubules, with each step gated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding. Existing models for the gating mechanism propose a role for the microtubule lattice. We show that unpolymerized tubulin binds to kinesin-1, causing tubulin-activated release of adenosine diphosphate (ADP). With no added nucleotide, each kinesin-1 dimer binds one tubulin heterodimer. In adenylyl-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP), a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog, each kinesin-1 dimer binds two tubulin heterodimers. The data reveal an ATP gate that operates independently of the microtubule lattice, by ATP-dependent release of a steric or allosteric block on the tubulin binding site of the tethered kinesin-ADP head.

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Crossref · 10.1126/science.1136985

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  • Kinesin dimers labeled with fluorescent ADP analog release one ADP upon microtubule binding, and release of second requires ATP.

    “It has long been known39 that kinesin dimers labeled with a fluorescent ADP analog will release just one ADP molecule upon binding the microtubule, while release of the second ADP requires the further addition of ATP39,40.”

    From A universal pathway for kinesin stepping (2011) · cites this paper as [40]

    The passage discussing Fig. 3 reports that fluorescent mantADP is released from one kinesin head on binding unpolymerised tubulin, with release from the second head requiring an ATP or AMPPNP chase. It also describes the same two-stage ADP-release pattern on microtubule binding, but does not say that the microtubule result used fluorescently labeled ADP. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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  • The data do not support models in which both kinesin heads bind the microtubule until ATP binding triggers release of the rear head, nor models in which one head is parked against the forward face of its microtubule-bound partner in the waiting state.

    “Our data do not support models where both kinesin heads bind to the MT until ATP binding triggers release of the rear head4,8, nor where one head is parked against the forward face of its MT-bound partner in the waiting state10.”
  • WT kinesin usually adopts a configuration with one head strongly bound to the microtubule and the other ADP-bearing head largely detached, especially at low ATP.

    “This conformational state is partially suppressed in WT kinesin, which tends to adopt a configuration where just one head is strongly attached to the microtubule39,40, while the partner head, carrying ADP, is more-or-less free of the microtubule34–36, particularly at low ATP concentrations.”

    From A universal pathway for kinesin stepping (2011) · cites this paper as [40]

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [5]Yildiz A Tomishige M Vale RD Selvin PR Science 2004 303 676 14684828

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Authors
Alonso, M. C., Drummond, D. R., Kain, S., Hoeng, J., Amos, L., & Cross, R. A.
Affiliations
  • Molecular Motors Group, Marie Curie Research Institute, The Chart, Oxted, Surrey RH8 0TL, UK.
  • MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (GB)
Corresponding author
Cross, Robert A.
Venue
Science
Published
2007-04-06
Volume
316
Issue
5821
Pages
120-123
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
OpenAlex
W2048354751
Cited by
120
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
FWCI
7.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Treatment and Pharmacology
Keywords
kinesin-1, tubulin binding, ADP release, microtubule lattice, AMP-PNP, allosteric regulation, microtubule motor proteins
MeSH terms
Adenosine Diphosphate, Adenosine Triphosphate, Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate, Animals, Binding Sites, Microtubules, Models, Biological, Neurospora, Protein Conformation, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Schizosaccharomyces, Tubulin, Kinesins, Dimerization, Molecular Motor Proteins, Rats

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