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Whipworm and roundworm infections
Open accessAbstract
Trichuriasis and ascariasis are neglected tropical diseases caused by the gastrointestinal dwelling nematodes Trichuris trichiura (a whipworm) and Ascaris lumbricoides (a roundworm), respectively. Both parasites are staggeringly prevalent, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas, and are associated with substantial morbidity. Infection is initiated by ingestion of infective eggs, which hatch in the intestine. Thereafter, T. trichiura larvae moult within intestinal epithelial cells, with adult worms embedded in a partially intracellular niche in the large intestine, whereas A. lumbricoides larvae penetrate the gut mucosa and migrate through the liver and lungs before returning to the lumen of the small intestine, where adult worms dwell. Both species elicit type 2 anti-parasite immunity. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical presentation (gastrointestinal symptoms and inflammation) and the detection of eggs or parasite DNA in the faeces. Prevention and treatment strategies rely on periodic mass drug administration (generally with albendazole or mebendazole) to at-risk populations and improvements in water, sanitation and hygiene. The effectiveness of drug treatment is very high for A. lumbricoides infections, whereas cure rates for T. trichiura infections are low. Novel anthelminthic drugs are needed, together with vaccine development and tools for diagnosis and assessment of parasite control in the field.
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“T. trichiuris infection is correlated with chronic colitis [60].”
From Intestinal Parasitic Infection and Nutritional Status in Children under Five Years Old: A Systematic Review (2022) · cites this paper as [60]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Else, K. J., Keiser, J., Holland, C. V., Grencis, R. K., Sattelle, D. B., Fujiwara, R. T., Bueno, L. L., Asaolu, S. O., Sowemimo, O. A., & Cooper, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (GB)
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (CH)
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- University College London (GB)
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
- Obafemi Awolowo University (NG)
- St George's, University of London (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Disease Primers
- Published
- 2020-05-28
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 44-44
- ISSN
- 2056-676X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3028760640
- Cited by
- 308
- References
- 315
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 6.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Disease Primers (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- edoc (University of Basel) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Henry Royce Institute (EP/M022498/1, EP/F001452/1, EP/M010-619/1, EP/F007906/1, EP/F028431/1)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/F028431, EP/F007906, EP/F001452/1, EP/F007906/1, EP/F028431/1, EP/M010619, EP/F001452, EP/M010619/1, EP/M022498/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasites and Host Interactions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Helminth infection and control
- Keywords
- trichuriasis, ascariasis, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, nematodes, gastrointestinal nematodes, neglected tropical diseases, Th2 immune response, larval migration, mass drug administration, albendazole, mebendazole, vaccine development, water, sanitation and hygiene, parasite control
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Ascariasis, Humans, Trichuriasis, Trichuris, Prevalence, Ascaris lumbricoides
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