Cited by 311Parasites and Host InteractionsParasitic Diseases Research and TreatmentHelminth infection and control

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Whipworm and roundworm infections

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Else, Kathryn J., Keiser, Jennifer, Holland, Celia V., Grencis, Richard K., Sattelle, David B., Fujiwara, Ricardo T., Bueno, Lilian L., Asaolu, Samuel O., Sowemimo, Oluyomi A., Cooper, Philip J.·2020·Nature Reviews Disease Primers

DOI 10.1038/s41572-020-0171-3

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Abstract

Trichuriasis and ascariasis are neglected tropical diseases caused by the gastrointestinal dwelling nematodes Trichuris trichiura (a whipworm) and Ascaris lumbricoides (a roundworm), respectively. Both parasites are staggeringly prevalent, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas, and are associated with substantial morbidity. Infection is initiated by ingestion of infective eggs, which hatch in the intestine. Thereafter, T. trichiura larvae moult within intestinal epithelial cells, with adult worms embedded in a partially intracellular niche in the large intestine, whereas A. lumbricoides larvae penetrate the gut mucosa and migrate through the liver and lungs before returning to the lumen of the small intestine, where adult worms dwell. Both species elicit type 2 anti-parasite immunity. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical presentation (gastrointestinal symptoms and inflammation) and the detection of eggs or parasite DNA in the faeces. Prevention and treatment strategies rely on periodic mass drug administration (generally with albendazole or mebendazole) to at-risk populations and improvements in water, sanitation and hygiene. The effectiveness of drug treatment is very high for A. lumbricoides infections, whereas cure rates for T. trichiura infections are low. Novel anthelminthic drugs are needed, together with vaccine development and tools for diagnosis and assessment of parasite control in the field.

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See all 311

Authors: Else, K. J., Keiser, J., Holland, C. V., Grencis, R. K., Sattelle, D. B., Fujiwara, R. T., Bueno, L. L., Asaolu, S. O., Sowemimo, O. A., & Cooper, P. J.
Affiliations: Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (GB)
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (CH)
Trinity College Dublin (IE)
University College London (GB)
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
Obafemi Awolowo University (NG)
St George's, University of London (GB)
ORCID: Else, Kathryn J.
Keiser, Jennifer
Holland, Celia V.
Grencis, Richard K.
Sattelle, David B.
Fujiwara, Ricardo T.
Bueno, Lilian L.
Sowemimo, Oluyomi A.
Cooper, Philip J.
Venue: Nature Reviews Disease Primers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2020-05-28
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Pages: 44-44
ISSN: 2056-676X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1038/s41572-020-0171-3
OpenAlex: W3028760640
Cited by: 308
References: 315
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 6
FWCI: 6.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Nature Reviews Disease Primers (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
edoc (University of Basel) (submittedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Henry Royce Institute (EP/M022498/1, EP/F001452/1, EP/M010-619/1, EP/F007906/1, EP/F028431/1)
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/F028431, EP/F007906, EP/F001452/1, EP/F007906/1, EP/F028431/1, EP/M010619, EP/F001452, EP/M010619/1, EP/M022498/1)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasites and Host Interactions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Helminth infection and control
Keywords: trichuriasis, ascariasis, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, nematodes, gastrointestinal nematodes, neglected tropical diseases, Th2 immune response, larval migration, mass drug administration, albendazole, mebendazole, vaccine development, water, sanitation and hygiene, parasite control
MeSH terms: Animals, Ascariasis, Humans, Trichuriasis, Trichuris, Prevalence, Ascaris lumbricoides

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