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T cell regeneration after immunological injury
Open accessAbstract
Following periods of haematopoietic cell stress, such as after chemotherapy, radiotherapy, infection and transplantation, patient outcomes are linked to the degree of immune reconstitution, specifically of T cells. Delayed or defective recovery of the T cell pool has significant clinical consequences, including prolonged immunosuppression, poor vaccine responses and increased risks of infections and malignancies. Thus, strategies that restore thymic function and enhance T cell reconstitution can provide considerable benefit to individuals whose immune system has been decimated in various settings. In this Review, we focus on the causes and consequences of impaired adaptive immunity and discuss therapeutic strategies that can recover immune function, with a particular emphasis on approaches that can promote a diverse repertoire of T cells through de novo T cell formation.
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“Since cytoreductive therapy significantly impairs the immune system [37], the potential to induce strong CD8+ T-cell responses is particularly relevant for an antigen-based immunotherapeutic for GBM, where chemotherapy and radiotherapy remain the standard of care, and induced T cells must cross the blood–brain barrier to invade the immunologically “cold” tumour.”
From Preclinical development of an mRNA-based multiepitope immunotherapeutic for glioblastoma (2025) · cites this paper as [37]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Velardi, E., Tsai, J. J., & van den Brink, M. R. M.
- Affiliations
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IT)
- State University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Velardi, Enrico
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Immunology
- Published
- 2020-10-23
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 277-291
- ISSN
- 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1741
- PMC
- PMC7583557
- OpenAlex
- W3094124272
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 282
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 24
- FWCI
- 2.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (P01-CA023766, CA008748, P30 CA008748)
- Society of Memorial Sloan Kettering (P30-CA008748)
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy
- Seres Therapeutics
- Ministero della Salute
- Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro
- National Institutes of Health (1r01hl147584-01a1, 7r01ca228308-07)
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG052359)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL123340, R01‐HL147584, R01HL123340, CA008748, R01HL125571)
- National Cancer Institute (P01CA023766, R01‐CA228308, CA008748, R01CA228358, P30CA008748)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI124275, U01AI124275)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- T cell reconstitution, immune reconstitution, thymic function, T cell depletion, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, transplantation, infection, adaptive immunity, T cell diversity, immunosuppression, vaccine response
- MeSH terms
- Immunosenescence, Animals, B-Lymphocytes, Graft vs Host Disease, Humans, Immunotherapy, Lymphopenia, Regeneration, Stress, Physiological, T-Lymphocytes, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Models, Immunological, Adaptive Immunity, Cellular Microenvironment
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