Cited by 1,1843D Printing in Biomedical ResearchTissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineCellular Mechanics and Interactions

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 278 of the 278 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Engineering organoids

Open access

Hofer, Moritz, Lutolf, Matthias P.·2021·Nature Reviews Materials

DOI 10.1038/s41578-021-00279-yPMC PMC7893133

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Organoids are in vitro miniaturized and simplified model systems of organs that have gained enormous interest for modelling tissue development and disease, and for personalized medicine, drug screening and cell therapy. Despite considerable success in culturing physiologically relevant organoids, challenges remain to achieve real-life applications. In particular, the high variability of self-organizing growth and restricted experimental and analytical access hamper the translatability of organoid systems. In this Review, we argue that many limitations of traditional organoid culture can be addressed by engineering approaches at all levels of organoid systems. We investigate cell surface and genetic engineering approaches, and discuss stem cell niche engineering based on the design of matrices that allow spatiotemporal control of organoid growth and shape-guided morphogenesis. We examine how microfluidic approaches and lessons learnt from organs-on-a-chip enable the integration of mechano-physiological parameters and increase accessibility of organoids to improve functional readouts. Applying engineering principles to organoids increases reproducibility and provides experimental control, which will, ultimately, be required to enable clinical translation.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41578-021-00279-y

Cites

278 of 278 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification
Engler, A. J., Sen, S., Sweeney, H. L., & Discher, D. E. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.044 · Cited by 13,915
Molecular Mechanisms of Stress-Responsive Changes in Collagen and Elastin Networks in Skin
Aziz, J., Shezali, H., Radzi, Z., Yahya, N. A., Abu Kassim, N. H., Czernuszka, J., & Rahman, M. T. (2016) · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1159/000447017 · Cited by 7,323
Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche
Sato, T., Vries, R. G., Snippert, H. J., van de Wetering, M., Barker, N., Stange, D. E., van Es, J. H., Abo, A., Kujala, P., Peters, P. J., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07935 · Cited by 7,204
Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly
Lancaster, M. A., Renner, M., Martin, C.-A., Wenzel, D., Bicknell, L. S., Hurles, M. E., Homfray, T., Penninger, J. M., Jackson, A. P., & Knoblich, J. A. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12517 · Cited by 5,372
Seria cultivation of strains of human epidemal keratinocytes: the formation keratinizin colonies from single cell is
Rheinwatd, J. G., & Green, H. (1975) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(75)80001-8 · Cited by 4,581
Reconstituting organ-level lung functions on a chip
Huh, D., Matthews, B. D., Mammoto, A., Montoya-Zavala, M., Hsin, H. Y., & Ingber, D. E. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1188302 · Cited by 4,250
Long-term expansion of epithelial organoids from human colon, adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and Barrett’s epithelium
Sato, T., Stange, D. E., Ferrante, M., Vries, R. G. J., van Es, J. H., van den Brink, S., van Houdt, W. J., Pronk, A., van Gorp, J., Siersema, P. D., et al. (2011) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.07.050 · Cited by 3,753
Organoid Models and Applications in Biomedical Research
Xinaris, C., Brizi, V., & Remuzzi, G. (2015) · The Nephron journals/Nephron journals · doi:10.1159/000433566 · Cited by 3,519
Modeling Development and Disease with Organoids
Clevers, H. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.082 · Cited by 3,196
Organogenesis in a dish: Modeling development and disease using organoid technologies
Lancaster, M. A., & Knoblich, J. A. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1247125 · Cited by 2,931

Show all 277 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Rheinwald, J. G. & Green, H. Serial cultivation of strains of human epidermal keratinocytes in defined clonal and serum-free culture. J. Invest. Dermatol. 6, 331–344 (1975).

Sorted by citations

Items 601–700 of 1,000

Improving the Management of Endometrial Cancer Patients through the Use of Liquid Biopsy Analyses: A Case Report
Casas‐Arozamena, C., Cortegoso, A., Piñeiro-Pérez, R., Abalo, A., Arias, E., Sampayo, V., Vilar, A., Bouso, M., Díaz, E., Moreno‐Bueno, G., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23158539 · Cited by 9
Building in vitro models of the brain to understand the role ofAPOEin Alzheimer’s disease
Pinals, R. L., & Tsai, L. (2022) · Life Science Alliance · doi:10.26508/lsa.202201542 · Cited by 10
Leveraging the strengths of mice, human stem cells, and organoids to model pancreas development and diabetes
Lorberbaum, D. S., Sarbaugh, D., & Sussel, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1042611 · Cited by 9
Harnessing developmental cues for cardiomyocyte production
Maas, R. G. C., van den Dolder, F. W., Yuan, Q., van der Velden, J., Wu, S. M., Sluijter, J. P. G., & Buikema, J. W. (2023) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.201483 · Cited by 9
Stem cell niches functionalized strategies for organ regeneration and manufacturing
Liu, H., Hu, L., Zhang, D., Wang, X., & Wang, S. (2023) · The Innovation Medicine · doi:10.59717/j.xinn-med.2023.100037 · Cited by 9
Side-view optical microscopy-assisted atomic force microscopy for thickness-dependent nanobiomechanics
Yang, Y., & Li, M. (2024) · Nanoscale Advances · doi:10.1039/d4na00153b · Cited by 9
Microfabricated dynamic brain organoid cocultures to assess the effects of surface geometry on assembloid formation
de Camps, C. C., Rostami, S., Xu, V., Li, C., Lépine, P., Durcan, T. M., & Moraes, C. (2024) · Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1002/biot.202400070 · Cited by 14
CRISPR-Cas9 mediated knockout of NDUFS4 in human iPSCs: A model for mitochondrial complex I deficiency
Goolab, S., Terburgh, K., du Plessis, C., Scholefield, J., & Louw, R. (2024) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167569 · Cited by 9
Dissecting Organismal Morphogenesis by Bridging Genetics and Biophysics
Mishra, N., & Heisenberg, C. (2021) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-071819-103748 · Cited by 9
Three-Dimensional Culture Systems for Dissecting Notch Signalling in Health and Disease
Marconi, G. D., Porcheri, C., Trubiani, O., & Mitsiadis, T. A. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222212473 · Cited by 10
Microfluidic Particle Reactors: From Interface Characteristics to Cells and Drugs Related Biomedical Applications
Hao, X., Du, T., He, H., Yang, F., Wang, Y., Liu, G., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Advanced Materials Interfaces · doi:10.1002/admi.202102184 · Cited by 9
Programming of Multicellular Patterning with Mechano‐Chemically Microstructured Cell Niches
Newman, P. L. H., Yip, Q., Osteil, P., Anderson, T. A., Sun, J. Q. J., Kempe, D., Biro, M., Shin, J., Tam, P., & Zreiqat, H. (2023) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202204741 · Cited by 8
Engineered vasculature induces functional maturation of pluripotent stem cell-derived islet organoidsPreprint
Jun, Y., Nguyen-Ngoc, K.-V., Sai, S., Bender, R., Gong, W., Kravets, V., Zhu, H., Hatch, C. J., Schlichting, M., Gaetani, R., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.10.28.513298 · Cited by 42
Engineering Programmable Material-To-Cell Pathways Via Synthetic Notch Receptors To Spatially Control Cellular Phenotypes In Multi-Cellular ConstructsPreprint
Garibyan, M., Hoffman, T., Makaske, T., Do, S., March, A. R., Cho, N., Pedroncelli, N., Lima, R. E., Soto, J., Jackson, B., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.05.19.541497 · Cited by 9
Real-time monitoring ATP variation in human cancer organoids for a long term by DNA-based nanosensor
Zhang, K., Wang, Y., Xue, J., Liang, N., & Wei, Z. (2023) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2023.341608 · Cited by 8
Modeling vascular dynamics at the initial stage of endochondral ossification on a microfluidic chip using a human embryonic-stem-cell-derived organoid
Kesharwani, A., Tani, S., Nishikawa, M., Sakai, Y., Okada, H., Ohba, S., Chung, U., & Hojo, H. (2024) · Regenerative Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.reth.2024.11.018 · Cited by 10
Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) Hydrogels as Synthetic Matrices for Multicellular Spheroid and Intestinal Organoid Cultures
Vanhoeijen, R., Okkelman, I. A., Rogier, N., Sedlačík, T., Stöbener, D. D., Devriendt, B., Dmitriev, R. I., & Hoogenboom, R. (2025) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01627 · Cited by 8
Protocol for generating human assembloids to investigate thalamocortical and corticothalamic synaptic transmission and plasticity
Nityanandam, A., Patton, M. H., Bayazitov, I. T., Newman, K. D., Thomas, K. T., & Zakharenko, S. S. (2025) · STAR Protocols · doi:10.1016/j.xpro.2025.103630 · Cited by 8
Multi-scale additive manufacturing of 3D porous networks integrated with hydrogel for sustained in vitro tissue growth
Li, J., Isaakidou, A., van Zanten, L. J., Tas, R. P., Mirzaali, M. J., Fratila-Apachitei, L. E., & ZADPOOR, A. A. (2025) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2025.03.005 · Cited by 8
Organoids-on-Chips Technology: Unveiling New Perspectives in Rare-Disease Research
Li, X., Wang, H., You, X., & Zhao, G. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26094367 · Cited by 8
Catalyst-modulated hydrogel dynamics for decoupling viscoelasticity and directing macrophage fate for diabetic wound healing
Mai, Y., Wang, H., Lu, J., Shi, S., Cai, Y., Zhang, W., Xie, S., Huang, R., Ji, S., & Qu, X. (2025) · Bioactive Materials · doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.06.007 · Cited by 10
Investigating morphogen and patterning dynamics with optogenetic control of morphogen production
Benzinger, D., & Briscoe, J. (2025) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2025.07.019 · Cited by 10
Engineering tumor spatial heterogeneity in vitro
Chen, C., Zhao, Z., Seah, D. H., Wu, K. Z., Mohanaselvi, S., & Fong, E. L. S. (2025) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2025.115757 · Cited by 9
Organoid: a promising solution to current challenges in cancer immunotherapy
Kang, X., Cheemalamarri, S. K., & Yin, Q. (2025) · npj Biomedical Innovations. · doi:10.1038/s44385-025-00051-9 · Cited by 9
Matrix-integrated microfluidic tumor models for evaluating drug delivery systems and pre-clinical testing
Guerrero‐López, P., Alamán‐Díez, P., Hernández-Hatibi, S., Balsas, P., & Garcia-Aznar, J. M. (2026) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2026.115836 · Cited by 8
Engineered living bioassemblies for biomedical and functional material applications
Guimarães, C. F., Soto, F., Wang, J., Akin, D., Reis, R. L., & Demirci, U. (2022) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102756 · Cited by 8
Mera: A scalable high throughput automated micro-physiological system
Cliffe, F. E., Madden, C., Costello, P., Devitt, S., Mukkunda, S. R., Keshava, B. B., Fearnhead, H. O., Vitkauskaite, A., Dehkordi, M. H., Chingwaru, W., et al. (2023) · SLAS TECHNOLOGY · doi:10.1016/j.slast.2023.01.004 · Cited by 8
Metal–Organic Framework Mediated Radio‐Enhancement Assessed in High‐Throughput‐Compatible 3D Tumor Spheroid Co‐Cultures
Neuer, A. L., Vogel, A., Gogos, A., Kissling, V. M., Tsolaki, E., & Herrmann, I. K. (2023) · Advanced Biology · doi:10.1002/adbi.202300075 · Cited by 7
3D culture of mesenchymal stem cells from the yolk sac to generate intestinal organoid
Motta, L. C. B., Pereira, V. M., Pinto, P. A. F., Mançanares, C. A. F., Pieri, N. C. G., Souza, V. C. D. O., Neto, P. F., & Ambrósio, C. E. (2023) · Theriogenology · doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.06.003 · Cited by 9
Microfluidic device with reconfigurable spatial temporal gradients reveals plastic astrocyte response to stroke and reperfusion
Reed-McBain, C. A., Turaga, R. V., Zima, S. R. T., Abizanda-Campo, S., Riendeau, J. M., Guzman, E. C., Juang, T. D., Juang, D. S., Hampton, D. W., Skala, M. C., et al. (2023) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/d3lc00276d · Cited by 8
In depth characterization of midbrain organoids derived from wild type iPSC lines
Pavlinov, I., Tambe, M. A., Abbott, J., Nguyen, H. N., Xu, M., Pradhan, M., Farkhondeh, A., & Zheng, W. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0292926 · Cited by 9
Unveiling the Impact of Hemodynamics on Endothelial Inflammation‐Mediated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis Using a Biomimetic Vascular Flow Model
He, J., Duan, P., Liu, Y., Feng, T., Wang, S., Lin, X., Xie, J., & Liu, X. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202304439 · Cited by 8
The reprotoxic adverse side effects of neurogenic and neuroprotective drugs: current use of human organoid modeling as a potential alternative to preclinical models
Abady, M. M., Jeong, J., Kwon, H., Assiri, A. M., Cho, J., & Saadeldin, I. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1412188 · Cited by 8
Validation of non-destructive morphology-based selection of cerebral cortical organoids by paired morphological and single-cell RNA-seq analyses
Ikeda, M., Doi, D., Ebise, H., Ozaki, Y., Fujii, M., Kikuchi, T., Yoshida, K., & Takahashi, J. B. (2024) · Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.09.005 · Cited by 8
In vitro cellular model systems provide a promising alternative to animal experiments for studying the intestine-organ axis
Vitale, A., Musis, C. D., Bimonte, M., Rubert, J., & Fogliano, V. (2025) · Critical Reviews in Biotechnology · doi:10.1080/07388551.2025.2452620 · Cited by 9
Organoids in Haematologic Research: Advances and Future Directions
Chang, L., Li, L., Han, Y., Cheng, H., & Yang, L. (2025) · Cell Proliferation · doi:10.1111/cpr.13806 · Cited by 8
Post-transcriptional and Post-translational Modifications of Primary Cilia: How to Fine Tune Your Neuronal Antenna
Rocha, C., & Prinos, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.809917 · Cited by 8
Three-dimensional cardiac organoid formation accelerates the functional maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
Lee, H., Im, J. S., Choi, D. B., An, J., Kim, S.-B., Yeon, S., Yoon, S., & Woo, D. (2022) · Organoid · doi:10.51335/organoid.2022.2.e14 · Cited by 10
Light sheet microscope scanning of biointegrated microlasers for localized refractive index sensing
Cowie, R. C., & Schubert, M. (2024) · Photonics Research · doi:10.1364/prj.522018 · Cited by 7
Bidirectional in-silico clearing approach for deep refractive-index tomography using a sparsely sampled transmission matrix
Yasuhiko, O., & Takeuchi, K. (2024) · Biomedical Optics Express · doi:10.1364/boe.524859 · Cited by 7
No Country for Old Frameworks? Vertex Models and Their Ongoing Reinvention to Study Tissue Dynamics
Briñas-Pascual, N., Cornwall-Scoones, J., O’Hanlon, D. P., Guerrero, P., & Perez‐Carrasco, R. (2024) · Biophysica · doi:10.3390/biophysica4040039 · Cited by 7
A biomaterial-based platform of pancreatic cancer reveals kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) as a mediator of neutrophil recruitment and immunosuppression
Kast, V., Hauser, S., Nadernezhad, A., Pette, D., Maitz, M. F., Petzold, A., Dahl, A., Seifert, M., Eubler, K., Mayerhofer, A., et al. (2025) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123456 · Cited by 7
Osteochondral organoid biofabrication: construction strategies, applications and perspectives
Fu, L., Wu, J., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Y., Li, P., Long, C., Sui, X., Liu, S., & Guo, Q. (2025) · Biofabrication · doi:10.1088/1758-5090/ade740 · Cited by 7
Tissue-engineered neuromuscular organoids
Auletta, B., Chiolerio, P., Cecconi, G., Rossi, L., Sartore, L., Cecchinato, F., Barbato, G., Lauroja, A., Maghin, E., Easler, M., et al. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-08484-z · Cited by 7
Self-Organized Vascularized Hepatic Organoids in Microcapsules for Liver Regeneration
Zhi, Y., Wang, J., Huang, D., & Zhao, Y. (2025) · Research · doi:10.34133/research.0898 · Cited by 7
Spatial patterning strategies for liver tissue engineering: Biofabrication technologies and applications
Nah, H., Michell, A. R., Rogy, K. M., Lally, O. J., & Khetani, S. R. (2025) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2025.115737 · Cited by 10
Organ-on-a-chip toxicology
Yang, S., Zhang, T., Ge, Y., Niu, Y., Chen, M., Yin, L., Pu, Y., Chen, Z., Gu, Z., & Liang, G. (2026) · The Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2025.101252 · Cited by 7
Advancing Stem Cell Bioprinting to Bridge Engineered and Natural Tissue Constructs
Gu, Q. (2026) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202510110 · Cited by 7
Tissue Engineering Approaches to Uncover Therapeutic Targets for Endothelial Dysfunction in Pathological Microenvironments
Ntekoumes, D., & Gerecht, S. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23137416 · Cited by 7
Protocol for the establishment and characterization of an endometrial-derived epithelial organoid and stromal cell co-culture system
Rizo, J. A., Spencer, T. E., & Kelleher, A. M. (2024) · STAR Protocols · doi:10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102894 · Cited by 7
Cholangiocyte Organoids: The New Frontier in Regenerative Medicine for the Study and Treatment of Cholangiopathies
Babboni, S., Vacca, P. G., Simonini, L., Pezzati, D., Martinelli, C., Frongillo, F., Bianco, G., Marciano, E., Basta, G., Ghinolfi, D., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13061804 · Cited by 7
Gastric Cancer Assembloids Derived from Patient‐Derived Xenografts: A Preclinical Model for Therapeutic Drug Screening
Xu, X., Gao, Y., Dai, J., Wang, Q., Wang, Z., Liang, W., Zhang, Q., Ma, W., Liu, Z., Luo, H., et al. (2024) · Small Methods · doi:10.1002/smtd.202400204 · Cited by 8
Inflammasome-Inhibiting Nanoligomers Are Neuroprotective against Space-Induced Pathology in Healthy and Diseased Three-Dimensional Human Motor and Prefrontal Cortex Brain Organoids
Sharma, S., Gilberto, V. S., Rask, J. C., Chatterjee, A., & Nagpal, P. (2024) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00160 · Cited by 10
A quantitative pipeline for whole-mount deep imaging and analysis of multi-layered organoids across scales
Gros, A., Vanaret, J., Dunsing, V., Rostan, A., Roudot, P., Lenne, P., Guignard, L., & Tlili, S. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.107154.3 · Cited by 7
A Robotic Micromanipulation System for Homogeneous Organoid Culture
Wang, X., Lin, X., Yu, X., Mo, Q., Tong, M., Jiang, M., Zhuang, S., & Gao, H. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering · doi:10.1109/tase.2025.3551297 · Cited by 7
High-throughput histopathology for complex in vitro models
Harter, M. F., D’Arcangelo, E., Aubert, J., Lavickova, B., Havnar, C. A., Stoll, B., Cubela, I., Filip, A. M., Gaspa-Toneu, L., Scherer, J., et al. (2026) · Cell Reports Methods · doi:10.1016/j.crmeth.2026.101419 · Cited by 7
Reconstituted basement membrane enables airway epithelium modeling and nanoparticle toxicity testing
Rofaani, E., Huang, B., Liang, F., Peng, J., & Chen, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.018 · Cited by 9
Emerging biomaterials and technologies to control stem cell fate and patterning in engineered 3D tissues and organoids
Farahani, M., Carthew, J., Bhowmik, S., Shard, C., Nunez-Nescolarde, A. B., Gomez, G. A., Cadarso, V. J., Combes, A. N., & Frith, J. E. (2022) · Biointerphases · doi:10.1116/6.0002034 · Cited by 7
Human Brain Organoids in Migraine Research: Pathogenesis and Drug Development
Gazerani, P. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24043113 · Cited by 5
Modelling host-Trypanosoma brucei gambiense interactions in vitro using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical brain organoids
Chandrasegaran, P. R. G., Lestari, A. N., Sinton, M. C., Gopalakrishnan, J., & Quintana, J. F. (2023) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.131507.1 · Cited by 6
Hair Follicle Organoids Using Human iPSC-Derived Ectodermal Precursor Cells for Hair Regenerative Medicine
Kageyama, T., Anakama, R., Hamano, S., Tu, S., Migita, Y., Asaba, T., Nanmo, A., Ishikawa, K., Yan, L., Seo, J., et al. (2026) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c01780 · Cited by 6
Organoids and 3D In Vitro Models as a Platform for Precision Medicine (PM): An Update
Ganguly, P. (2024) · Organoids · doi:10.3390/organoids3030011 · Cited by 6
Tissue-specific extracellular matrix for the larger-scaled expansion of spinal cord organoids
Guan, Y., Jia, Z., Xiong, X., He, R., Ouyang, Y., Liu, H., Liang, L., Meng, X., Zhang, R., Guan, C., et al. (2025) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.101561 · Cited by 7
Kidney organoid models of polycystic kidney disease: challenges and future directions
Afrin, H., Qamar, U., Robichaud, J. H., Ellabbad, M., Harris, P. C., & Gupta, N. (2025) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00116.2025 · Cited by 6
Integration of Bioengineered Tools in Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Ak, A., Coonen, E., van Golde, R., & Vrij, E. (2025) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202500918 · Cited by 5
Tumor organoids: A review of culture methods, applications in cancer research, precision medicine, and drug development
Chang, C., Tsai, C.-C., Cheng, C., Chu, T.-Y., Chiang, C., Lee, Y., Wu, C., Chen, J., Kuo, C., & Hsu, P.-C. (2025) · Tzu Chi Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_256_24 · Cited by 6
Organoid for Air Pollution Toxicity Assessment: Advances and Environmental Applicability
Jia, Y., Wu, D., Xiu, C., Ye, Z., & Li, Q. X. (2025) · Environment & Health · doi:10.1021/envhealth.5c00141 · Cited by 8
3D bioprinted human iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells as a novel platform for studying neurogenic niche
Machado, L. S., Ferreira, P. S., Pires, M. R., Bim, L. V., de Oliveira, N. H., Salles, G. N., Ferreira, N. D., Cruz, E. M., & Porcionatto, M. A. (2025) · APL Bioengineering · doi:10.1063/5.0276704 · Cited by 6
Organoid-based platforms in livestock: Current advances and future prospects
Kwon, D.-H., Kwon, H. J., & Jang, G. (2025) · Research in Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105985 · Cited by 6
3D Hydrogel Cell Cultures and Their Biomedical Applications
Thai, T. L., Manchanda, A., Higginbottom, S. L., Rodriguez, E. S., Wilson, R., Tomaskovic‐Crook, E., Crook, J. M., & Paull, B. (2025) · Advanced NanoBiomed Research · doi:10.1002/anbr.202500133 · Cited by 6
Three-dimensional models of human skin for biomedical applications
Yadav, S., & Nguyen, N. (2025) · Biophysics Reviews · doi:10.1063/5.0251982 · Cited by 9
Modeling metastasis with tumor organoid-on-a-chip: from mechanistic study to anti-tumor drug discovery
Lu, J., Huang, Y., Hu, S., Xuzhan, L., Huang, Y., Wu, B., Zhao, C., Huang, J., Tan, B., Zhao, B., et al. (2026) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2026.118791 · Cited by 7
Organoids, organ-on-a-chip, and microtumors: Biomimetic 3D tumor models advancing drug development and precision medicine
Xia, M., Wu, G., Wu, D., Hu, W., Deng, H., & Wang, S. (2026) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2026.03.013 · Cited by 7
Development of Intervertebral Disc Organoids through Directed Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Hierarchical 3D Printing
Wu, D., Zhu, D., Zhou, X., Li, G., Zhang, X., Ma, L., Liang, H., Tong, B., Lei, J., Wang, H., et al. (2026) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c14391 · Cited by 8
Reconstructing the lung stem cell niche in vitro
Swami, D., Aich, J., Bisht, B., & Paul, M. K. (2022) · Advances in stem cells and their niches · doi:10.1016/bs.asn.2022.05.001 · Cited by 6
Thinking in 3 dimensions: philosophies of the microenvironment in organoids and organs-on-chip
Caianiello, S., Bertolaso, M., & Militello, G. (2023) · History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s40656-023-00560-z · Cited by 6
Cyclic Stretching Enhances Angiocrine Signals at Liver Bud Stage from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Two-Dimensional Culture
Yoshimoto, K., Maki, K., ADACHI, T., & Kamei, K. (2023) · Tissue Engineering Part A · doi:10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0148 · Cited by 6
An archetype and scaling of developmental tissue dynamics across species
Morishita, Y., Lee, S., Suzuki, T., Yokoyama, H., Kamei, Y., Tamura, K., & Kawasumi, A. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-43902-y · Cited by 9
Osteogenic organoid for bone regeneration: Healing of bone defect in congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia
Cardier, J. E., Diaz‐Solano, D., Wittig, O., Sierra, G., Pulido, J., Moreno, R., Fuentes, S., & Leal, F. (2024) · The International Journal of Artificial Organs · doi:10.1177/03913988231220844 · Cited by 6
Current status and new avenues of stem cell-based preclinical and therapeutic approaches in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Mazzini, L., Marchi, F. D., Bużańska, L., Follenzi, A., Glover, J. C., Gelati, M., Lombardi, I., Maioli, M., Mesa-Herrera, F., Mitrečić, D., et al. (2024) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1080/14712598.2024.2392307 · Cited by 6
In vitro salmonid models as tools for studying microbial-derived immunostimulants and aquaculture relevant salmonids pathogens: Current status and future perspectives
Mensah, D. D., Montero, R., Lange, B. M., Øverland, M., & Mydland, L. T. (2024) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2024.741695 · Cited by 6
Bridging high resolution sub-cellular imaging with physiologically relevant engineered tissues
Kooh, Y. K. G., & Huebsch, N. (2024) · Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering · doi:10.3389/fmech.2024.1481933 · Cited by 7
Towards a Better Understanding of the Human Health Risk of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Using Organoid Models
Xu, H., Kang, J., Gao, X., Lan, Y., & Li, M. (2025) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering12040393 · Cited by 6
Advanced strategies in organoid/organ-on-a-chip for food safety and nutrition
Zhou, Y., Wang, F., Zhao, R., Huang, T., Su, W., Wen, Y., He, Z., & Li, D. (2025) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2025.117011 · Cited by 6
Generation of 2.5D lung bud organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells
Xu, X., Nie, Y. G., Wang, W., Ullah, I., Tung, W. T., Ma, N., & Lendlein, A. (2021) · Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation · doi:10.3233/ch-219111 · Cited by 6
Home Away From Home: Bioengineering Advancements to Mimic the Developmental and Adult Stem Cell Niche
Barhouse, P. S., Andrade, M. J., & Smith, Q. (2022) · Frontiers in Chemical Engineering · doi:10.3389/fceng.2022.832754 · Cited by 6
Effects of Scaffolds on Urine- and Urothelial Carcinoma Tissue-Derived Organoids from Bladder Cancer Patients
Walz, S., Pollehne, P., Vollmer, P., Aicher, W. K., Stenzl, A., Harland, N., & Amend, B. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12162108 · Cited by 7
Design and realization of lung organoid cultures for COVID-19 applications
Ren, B., Chiaravalloti, T. R., Belony, N. L., Romero, D. I., Chai, W., Leon, C., Wu, L., Lamango, N. S., Laird‐Offringa, I. A., & Huang, Y. H. (2023) · Bio-Design and Manufacturing · doi:10.1007/s42242-023-00255-1 · Cited by 7
Modeling Liver Development and Disease in a Dish
Iqbal, W., Wang, Y., Sun, P., & Zhou, X. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242115921 · Cited by 6
Changes in Stem Cell Regulation and Epithelial Organisation during Carcinogenesis and Disease Progression in Gynaecological Malignancies
Cunnea, P., Fotopoulou, C., Ploski, J., Trillsch, F., Mahner, S., & Kessler, M. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13133349 · Cited by 7
Bladder cancer organoids as a functional system to model different disease stages and therapy responsePreprint
Minoli, M., Cantore, T., Kiener, M., Fedrizzi, T., Manna, F. L., Karkampouna, S., Genitisch, V., Rodríguez, A., Klima, I., Gasperini, P., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.03.31.486514 · Cited by 7
Growth anisotropy of the extracellular matrix drives mechanics in a developing organPreprint
Harmansa, S., Erlich, A., Eloy, C., Zurlo, G., & Lecuit, T. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.07.19.500615 · Cited by 6
Regenerative human liver organoids (HLOs) in a pillar/perfusion plate for hepatotoxicity assaysPreprint
Shrestha, S., Acharya, P., Kang, S. Y., Vanga, M. G., Lekkala, V. K. R., Liu, J., Yang, Y. S., Joshi, P., & Lee, M. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.03.25.586638 · Cited by 5
3D cell culture models: how to obtain and characterize the main models
Abdurakhmanova, M., Leonteva, A. A., Vasilieva, N. S., Kuligina, E. V., & Nushtaeva, A. A. (2025) · Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding · doi:10.18699/vjgb-25-21 · Cited by 5
Electrochemiluminescence microscopy of diffusive biocompounds as co-reactants in cell spheroids with [Ru(bpy)3]2+
Mockaitis, T., Shikuwa, R., Utagawa, Y., Oba, K., Hiramoto, K., Abe, H., Morkvėnaitė-Vilkončienė, I., Shiku, H., & Ino, K. (2025) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2025.137944 · Cited by 5
Bioinspired micro-structured fibers for biomedical applications
Guo, J., Miao, S., Sun, L., Zhao, Y., & Gu, X. (2025) · Bioactive Materials · doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.07.012 · Cited by 5
Extending the Range of Sizes of Monodisperse Core‐Shell Hydrogel Capsules from Composite Jet Breakup by Combined Electrical and Mechanical Actuation
Suire, L., Jana, A., Nassoy, P., & Badon, A. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202505501 · Cited by 5
Platelet-rich plasma-contained drug delivery systems to treat orthopedic injuries
Liu, M., Ding, J., Peng, Y., Fang, J., Zhao, M., Zhang, W., Chen, H., Zhang, J., Peng, H., & Wang, Q. (2025) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics X · doi:10.1016/j.ijpx.2025.100372 · Cited by 5
Preparation of intervertebral disc organoid and regeneration mechanism based on gradient structure and mechanical function guidance: A Review
Haque, M. A., Li, J., Gao, M., & Zhou, Z. (2025) · Advanced Orthopaedics · doi:10.1016/j.advop.2025.10.001 · Cited by 6
DNA-programmed cell assembly: from cells, tissues to organoids
Chen, Z., Fu, P., & Wang, K. (2025) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2025.1716071 · Cited by 5

Authors: Hofer, M., & Lutolf, M. P.
Affiliations: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
ORCID: Hofer, Moritz
Lutolf, Matthias P.
Venue: Nature Reviews Materials
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2021-02-19
Volume: 6
Issue: 5
Pages: 402-420
ISSN: 2058-8437 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00279-y
PMC: PMC7893133
OpenAlex: W4211240480
Cited by: 1,184
References: 277
Citations by year: 2026: 189 · 2025: 275 · 2024: 256 · 2023: 226 · 2022: 168 · 2021: 70
FWCI: 15.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Nature Reviews Materials (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders: National Science Foundation
European Commission (H2020-MSCA-ITN, H2020-MSCA-ITN-2018, HORIZON2020, H2020, 668294, MSCA-ITN-2018, H2020-MSCA)
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (179447, 310030)
Vienna Science and Technology Fund
Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (MSCA‐ITN‐2018, H2020-MSCA, 668,294, H2020-MSCA-ITN-2018, H2020-MSCA-ITN)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
Keywords: organoids, organoid engineering, organoid culture, cell surface engineering, genetic engineering, morphogenesis, microfluidics, organ-on-a-chip, mechanobiology, reproducibility, translational medicine, drug screening, personalized medicine

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Engineering organoids

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks