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Bacterial siderophores in community and host interactions
Open accessAbstract
Iron is an essential trace element for most organisms. A common way for bacteria to acquire this nutrient is through the secretion of siderophores, which are secondary metabolites that scavenge iron from environmental stocks and deliver it to cells via specific receptors. While there has been tremendous interest in understanding the molecular basis of siderophore synthesis, uptake and regulation, questions about the ecological and evolutionary consequences of siderophore secretion have only recently received increasing attention. In this Review, we outline how eco-evolutionary questions can complement the mechanistic perspective and help to obtain a more integrated view of siderophores. In particular, we explain how secreted diffusible siderophores can affect other community members, leading to cooperative, exploitative and competitive interactions between individuals. These social interactions in turn can spur co-evolutionary arms races between strains and species, lead to ecological dependencies between them and potentially contribute to the formation of stable communities. In brief, this Review shows that siderophores are much more than just iron carriers: they are important mediators of interactions between members of microbial assemblies and the eukaryotic hosts they inhabit.
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“As an alternative to directly taking up Tf or Lf, some bacteria produce siderophores; these are small molecules with extremely high affinity for Fe3+, frequently employed as a tool to hijack iron from host glycoproteins (such as Lf, Tf and Ft), and to scavenge residual free iron from the external milieu.”
From The battle for iron in enteric infections (2020) · cites this paper as [124]
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“In addition to producing enterobactin and salmochelin, Salmonella also has the capacity to pirate exogenous siderophores produced by other bacteria and fungi, such as the fungal siderophore ferrichrome – a hydroxamate siderophore. 124”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kramer, J., Özkaya, Ö., & Kümmerli, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Kümmerli, Rolf
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Microbiology
- Published
- 2019-11-20
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 152-163
- ISSN
- 1740-1526 (ISSN-L)
- 1740-1534
- PMC
- PMC7116523
- OpenAlex
- W2990378266
- Cited by
- 998
- References
- 166
- Citations by year
- 2026: 168 · 2025: 199 · 2024: 170 · 2023: 169 · 2022: 115 · 2021: 132 · 2020: 45
- FWCI
- 10.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (182499)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Keywords
- siderophores, iron acquisition, bacterial community interactions, host-bacteria interactions, eco-evolutionary dynamics, microbial cooperation, microbial competition, iron scavenging, bacterial social interactions
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, Biological Evolution, Iron, Selection, Genetic, Siderophores, Microbial Interactions
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