Cited by 318Redox biology and oxidative stressBacterial Genetics and BiotechnologyMetal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 139 of the 139 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

When anaerobes encounter oxygen: mechanisms of oxygen toxicity, tolerance and defence

Open access

Lu, Zheng, Imlay, James A.·2021·Nature Reviews Microbiology

DOI 10.1038/s41579-021-00583-yPMC PMC9191689

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The defining trait of obligate anaerobes is that oxygen blocks their growth, yet the underlying mechanisms are unclear. A popular hypothesis was that these microorganisms failed to evolve defences to protect themselves from reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, and that this failure is what prevents their expansion to oxic habitats. However, studies reveal that anaerobes actually wield most of the same defences that aerobes possess, and many of them have the capacity to tolerate substantial levels of oxygen. Therefore, to understand the structures and real-world dynamics of microbial communities, investigators have examined how anaerobes such as Bacteroides, Desulfovibrio, Pyrococcus and Clostridium spp. struggle and cope with oxygen. The hypoxic environments in which these organisms dwell - including the mammalian gut, sulfur vents and deep sediments - experience episodic oxygenation. In this Review, we explore the molecular mechanisms by which oxygen impairs anaerobes and the degree to which bacteria protect their metabolic pathways from it. The emergent view of anaerobiosis is that optimal strategies of anaerobic metabolism depend upon radical chemistry and low-potential metal centres. Such catalytic sites are intrinsically vulnerable to direct poisoning by molecular oxygen and ROS. Observations suggest that anaerobes have evolved tactics that either minimize the extent to which oxygen disrupts their metabolism or restore function shortly after the stress has dissipated.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41579-021-00583-y

Cites

139 of 139 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs.
Chance, B., Sies, H., & Boveris, A. (1979) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1979.59.3.527 · Cited by 5,827
The rise of oxygen in Earth's early ocean and atmosphere
Lyons, T. W., Reinhard, C. T., & Planavsky, N. J. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13068 · Cited by 2,810
Bacterial iron homeostasis
Andrews, S. C., Robinson, A. K., & Rodríguez-Quiñones, F. (2003) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0168-6445(03)00055-x · Cited by 2,702
Bacteroides : the Good, the Bad, and the Nitty-Gritty
Wexler, H. M. (2007) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00008-07 · Cited by 2,388
OXIDATIVE STRESS IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTS: Biochemistry and Physiological Ecology
Lesser, M. P. (2005) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.68.040104.110001 · Cited by 1,829
The molecular mechanisms and physiological consequences of oxidative stress: lessons from a model bacterium
Imlay, J. A. (2013) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro3032 · Cited by 1,749
Self-citation
Crosstalk between microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and intestinal epithelial HIF augments tissue barrier function
Kelly, C. J., Zheng, L., Campbell, E. L., Saeedi, B., Scholz, C. C., Bayless, A. J., Wilson, K. E., Glover, L. E., Kominsky, D. J., Magnuson, A., et al. (2015) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2015.03.005 · Cited by 1,716
Dating the rise of atmospheric oxygen
Bekker, A., Holland, H. D., Wang, P.-L., Rumble, D., Stein, H. J., Hannah, J. L., Coetzee, L. L., & Beukes, N. J. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02260 · Cited by 1,435
Gut inflammation provides a respiratory electron acceptor for Salmonella
Winter, S., Thiennimitr, P., Winter, M. G., Butler, B. P., Huseby, D. L., Crawford, R. W., Russell, J. M., Bevins, C. L., Adams, L. G., Tsolis, R. M., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09415 · Cited by 1,271
Reactive oxygen species and mitochondria: A nexus of cellular homeostasis
Dunn, J. D., Álvarez, L., Zhang, X., & Soldati, T. (2015) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2015.09.005 · Cited by 1,233

Show all 139 references

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 318

Enhancing anaerobic digestion of swine manure using microbial electrolysis cell and microaeration
Di, Y., Hou, W., Bian, C., Zheng, T., Xiao, B., & Li, L. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.163319 · Cited by 14
Metagenomic Analysis of the Antibiotic Resistance Risk between an Aerobic and Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor
Wang, P., Zarei-Baygi, A., Vela, J. D., & Smith, A. L. (2022) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.2c00383 · Cited by 13
Pathways to sustainability: a quantitative comparison of aerobic and anaerobic C1 bioconversion routes
Gasparrini, W., Lee, S. H., & Woolston, B. M. (2025) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2025.103310 · Cited by 14
Agmatine Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity by Activating PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
Zhang, Y., Lv, Z., & He, Q. (2022) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0434-21.2022 · Cited by 13
The radical impact of oxygen on prokaryotic evolution—enzyme inhibition first, uninhibited essential biosyntheses second, aerobic respiration third
Mrnjavac, N., Nagies, F. S. P., Wimmer, J. L. E., Kapust, N., Knopp, M. R., Trost, K., Modjewski, L., Bremer, N., Mentel, M., Esposti, M. D., et al. (2024) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.14906 · Cited by 15
Anaerobic biotransformation of two novel brominated flame retardants: Kinetics, isotope fractionation and reaction mechanisms
Huang, C., Zeng, Y., Hu, K., Jiang, Y., Zhang, Y., Lu, Q., Liu, Y.-E., Gao, S., Wang, S., Luo, X., et al. (2023) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2023.120360 · Cited by 13
Carbon dioxide and trace oxygen concentrations impact growth and product formation of the gut bacterium Phocaeicola vulgatus
Keitel, L., Braun, K., Finger, M., Kosfeld, U., Yordanov, S., & Büchs, J. (2023) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s12866-023-03127-x · Cited by 12
Bridging energy and microbes: How the anodic potential of microbial electrolysis cell improves anaerobic digestion
Yan, X., Peng, P., Li, X., Miao, Y., Chen, L., & Zhao, F. (2024) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235489 · Cited by 12
Targeting regulation of nitrate removal and chlorophenol degradation through hydrogen/oxygen switching
Lu, H., Miao, J., Zhang, N., Ji, J., Zhang, R., Zhu, S., & Wei, X. (2025) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2025.123581 · Cited by 12
Single‐microbe RNA sequencing uncovers unexplored specialized metabolic functions of keystone species in the human gut
Shen, Y., Qu, W., Song, M., Zhang, T., Liu, C., Shi, X., Xu, X., Jiang, J., Ding, L., Mo, F., et al. (2025) · iMeta · doi:10.1002/imt2.70035 · Cited by 15
Distinct classes of gut bacterial molybdenum-dependent enzymes produce urolithins
Bae, M., Dong, X., Ávila-Pacheco, J., Nguyen, Q. D., Inyama, F., Rekdal, V. M., Clish, C. B., & Balskus, E. P. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2501312122 · Cited by 13
Oxygen-Releasing Hyaluronic Acid-Based Dispersion with Controlled Oxygen Delivery for Enhanced Periodontal Tissue Engineering
Müller-Heupt, L. K., Wiesmann, N., Schröder, S., Groß, J., Ziskoven, P. C., Bani, P., Kämmerer, P. W., Schiegnitz, E., Eckelt, A., Eckelt, J., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24065936 · Cited by 12
The flavodiiron protein from Syntrophomonas wolfei has five domains and acts both as an NADH:O2 or an NADH:H2O2 oxidoreductase
Martins, M. C., Alves, C. M., Teixeira, M. S., & Folgosa, F. (2023) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.17040 · Cited by 12
Array of metabolic pathways in a kleptoplastidic foraminiferan protist supports chemoautotrophy in dark, euxinic seafloor sediments
Gomaa, F., Rogers, D. R., Utter, D. R., Powers, C., Huang, I.-T., Beaudoin, D., Zhang, Y., Cavanaugh, C. M., Edgcomb, V. P., & Bernhard, J. M. (2024) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1093/ismejo/wrae248 · Cited by 11
A Droplet Microfluidic-Derived Pathological Microenvironment-Activated Spore Nanozyme Device for the Precise Regulation and Treatment of Colitis
Yang, X., Nie, W., Wang, C., Fang, Z., & Shang, L. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c04040 · Cited by 11
Machine learning–based inverse design for electrochemically controlled microscopic gradients of O 2 and H 2 O 2
Chen, Y., Wang, J., Hoar, B. B., Lu, S., Guan, X., & Liu, C. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2206321119 · Cited by 11
Phylogenetic Conservation of Soil Microbial Responses to Elevated Tropospheric Ozone and Nitrogen Fertilization
Yu, Z., Gao, Q., Guo, X. Y., Peng, J., Qi, Q., Chen, X. W., Gao, M., Mo, C.-H., Feng, Z., Wong, M. H., et al. (2023) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00721-22 · Cited by 12
Microbiota Phenotype Promotes Anastomotic Leakage in a Model of Rats with Ischemic Colon Resection
Zamorano, D., Ivulic, D., Viver, T., Morales, F., López-Köstner, F., & Vidal, R. M. (2023) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11030680 · Cited by 11
Linking ecological niche and metabolic hierarchy in low-oxygen-driven anammox systems
Zheng, J., Gu, C., Zeng, J., Liu, Y., Liu, W., Ma, X., Zhang, R., & Ji, X.-M. (2024) · Journal of Water Process Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106230 · Cited by 10
Refining habitat selection for sulfate-reducing bacteria: Evaluating suitability and adaptability for sulfate-metal wastewater treatment during anaerobic-to-aerobic transitions
Yang, Z., Wang, J., Wu, Q., Yang, Z., Liu, T., Zeng, L., Li, M., Li, M., Ibrahim, I. A., Yin, H., et al. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123002 · Cited by 10
Commensal resilience: ancient ecological lessons for the modern microbiota
Rose, A. E., Fansler, R. T., & Zhu, W. (2025) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00502-24 · Cited by 12
Optimization of a Method for Detecting Intracellular Sulfane Sulfur Levels and Evaluation of Reagents That Affect the Levels in Escherichia coli
Yu, Q., Ran, M., Yang, Y., Liu, H., Xun, L., & Xia, Y. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11071292 · Cited by 10
A genetically encoded system for oxygen generation in living cells
Markhard, A. L., McCoy, J. G., To, T., & Mootha, V. K. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2207955119 · Cited by 10
Stimulation of Surface Polysaccharide Production under Aerobic Conditions Confers Aerotolerance in Campylobacter jejuni
Kim, J., Park, M., Ahn, E., Mao, Q., Chen, C., Ryu, S., & Jeon, B. (2023) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.03761-22 · Cited by 10
Exposure to cooking fumes is associated with perturbations in nasal microbiota composition: A pilot study
Jin, X. E. F., Low, D. Y., Ang, L., Lu, L., Yin, X. H., Tan, Y., Lee, A. K. Y., & Seow, W. J. (2023) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.116392 · Cited by 10
Nanomaterial‐assisted oncolytic bacteria in solid tumor diagnosis and therapeutics
Zeng, X., Chen, Q., & Chen, T. (2024) · Bioengineering & Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/btm2.10672 · Cited by 10
Methanogenesis kinetics of organic matter of the leachate in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor
Fulazzaky, M. A., Yuzir, A., Messer, T. L., & Sofyan, A. (2024) · Waste Management Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.wmb.2024.08.003 · Cited by 9
Modulation of satiety hormones by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides fragilis and their derivatives
Vaezijoze, S., Irani, S., Siadat, S. D., & Zali, M. R. (2025) · AMB Express · doi:10.1186/s13568-025-01852-2 · Cited by 9
A [FeFe] Hydrogenase–Rubrerythrin Chimeric Enzyme Functions to Couple H2 Oxidation to Reduction of H2O2 in the Foodborne Pathogen Clostridium perfringens
Taylor, J., Mulder, D. W., Corrigan, P. S., Ratzloff, M. W., Gonzalez, N. I., Lubner, C. E., King, P. W., & Silakov, A. (2025) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.4c18425 · Cited by 9
Defense arsenal of the strict anaerobe Clostridioides difficile against reactive oxygen species encountered during its infection cycle
Lotoux, A., Caulat, L. C., Alves, C. M., Feliciano, C. A., Morvan, C., Folgosa, F., & Martin‐Verstraete, I. (2025) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.03753-24 · Cited by 9
Characterizing the prevalence of Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum, Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme, and Fusobacterium varium in bovine and ovine semen, bovine gut, and vagino-uterine and fetal microbiota using targeted culturing and qPCR
Kilama, J., Dahlen, C. R., Abbasi, M., Shi, X., Nagaraja, T. G., Crouse, M. S., Cushman, R. A., Snider, A. P., McCarthy, K. L., Caton, J. S. S., et al. (2025) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.03145-24 · Cited by 9
Hyperoxia as a driver of gut dysbiosis
Wu, H., Zeng, W., Dai, N., Gu, J., He, Y., Qin, H., Lin, L., Fu, X., Fu, B., & Xing, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1675652 · Cited by 11
Multifunctional nanomaterials for dental photo-theranostics
Shi, Y., Sun, X., Fang, J., Li, C., Dong, B., Qi, M., & Wang, L. (2025) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d5cs00825e · Cited by 11
Titanium alloys with varying surface micro-area potential differences have antibacterial abilities and a favorable cellular response
Wang, C., Hou, Y., Fu, S., Zhang, E., Zhang, Z., & Bai, B. (2023) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-023-05115-x · Cited by 9
Spatial and temporal niche separation of Methanomassiliicoccales phylotypes in temperate fens
Weil, M., Wang, H., Žák, D., & Urich, T. (2023) · FEMS Microbiology Ecology · doi:10.1093/femsec/fiad049 · Cited by 9
Optical O 2 Sensors Also Respond to Redox Active Molecules Commonly Secreted by Bacteria
Flamholz, A. I., Saccomano, S. C., Cash, K. J., & Newman, D. K. (2022) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.02076-22 · Cited by 9
From vacant to vivid: The nutritional landscape drives infant gut microbiota establishment
Melki, R., & Litvak, Y. (2024) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/mmi.15296 · Cited by 8
Annotation-free prediction of microbial dioxygen utilization
Flamholz, A. I., Goldford, J. E., Richter, P. A., Larsson, E. M., Jinich, A., Fischer, W. W., & Newman, D. K. (2024) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00763-24 · Cited by 8
An anaerobic pathogen rewires host metabolism to fuel oxidative growth in the inflamed gut
Spiga, L., Fansler, R. T., Wu, Y., Grote, A., Langford-Butler, M., Miller, A. K., Neal, M. J., Hale, O. F., Singla, D., Calcutt, M. W., et al. (2026) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2026.04.012 · Cited by 8
The Study of Microbial Physiology Under Microoxic Conditions Is Critical but Neglected
Prakash, O., Chauhan, A., & Green, S. J. (2025) · Environmental Microbiology Reports · doi:10.1111/1758-2229.70108 · Cited by 8
Antimicrobial Activity of Chemical Hop (Humulus lupulus) Compounds: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Kiofentzoglou, D., Andronidou, E. M., Kontou, P. I., Bagos, P. G., & Braliou, G. G. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15147806 · Cited by 12
Enhanced treatment of low C/N domestic wastewater in a membrane photobioreactor: Operational control of microalgal-bacterial symbiosis for synergistic pollutant and antibiotic resistance genes removal
Chu, W.-C., Li, X., Li, P., Li, J., Wang, Z., Zhou, H., Yang, X., Chen, S., Zhou, M., Wang, S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127398 · Cited by 8
Development of a Protocol for Anaerobic Preparation and Banking of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Material: Evaluation of Bacterial Richness in the Cultivated Fraction
Bosch, B., Hartikainen, A. K., Ronkainen, A., Scheperjans, F., Arkkila, P. E. T., & Satokari, R. M. (2023) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11122901 · Cited by 8
Porphyrin-Based Molecules in the Fossil Record Shed Light on the Evolution of Life
Ayala, J. D., Schroeter, E. R., & Schweitzer, M. H. (2024) · Minerals · doi:10.3390/min14020201 · Cited by 9
Metaproteomics-informed stoichiometric modeling reveals the responses of wetland microbial communities to oxygen and sulfate exposure
Wang, D., Candry, P., Hunt, K. A., Flinkstrom, Z., Shi, Z., Liu, Y., Wofford, N. Q., McInerney, M. J., Tanner, R. S., León, K. B. D., et al. (2024) · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · doi:10.1038/s41522-024-00525-5 · Cited by 9
Low-dose natural clay Kaolin promotes the growth of submerged macrophytes and alters the rhizosphere microorganism community: Implications for lake restoration
Sun, S., Chou, Q., Ding, Q., Su, Y., Su, H., Jeppesen, E., Wang, L., & Zhang, W. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jes.2024.06.046 · Cited by 8
Anaerobic Biodegradation: The Anaerobic Digestion Process
Asri, O. E. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-09710-2_4 · Cited by 8
Comparative genomics of Elusimicrobiaceae (phylum Elusimicrobiota) and description of the isolates Elusimicrobium simillimum sp. nov., Elusimicrobium posterum sp. nov., and Parelusimicrobium proximum gen. nov. sp. nov.
Mies, U. S., Zheng, H., Platt, K., Radek, R., Paczia, N., Treitli, S. C., & Brune, A. (2025) · Systematic and Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2025.126606 · Cited by 7
Bifidobacterium as Keystone Species Driving Microbial Interactions in the Infant Digestive Tract
Vásquez-Dean, J., Canales, A., Orellana, C. A., & Garrido, D. (2026) · Annual Review of Food Science and Technology · doi:10.1146/annurev-food-052924-065321 · Cited by 7
Oxygen traces impact on biological methanation from hydrogen and CO2
Buffière, P., Ramirez, D. A., Franco, R. T., Figueras, J., Hattou, S., & Benbelkacem, H. (2025) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132080 · Cited by 7
Decoding the roles of extremophilic microbes in the anaerobic environments: Past, Present, and Future
Patidar, P., & Prakash, T. (2022) · Current Research in Microbial Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100146 · Cited by 7
An In Vitro Study of Local Oxygen Therapy as Adjunctive Antimicrobial Therapeutic Option for Patients with Periodontitis
Müller-Heupt, L. K., Eckelt, A., Eckelt, J., Groß, J., Opatz, T., & Kommerein, N. (2023) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics12060990 · Cited by 7
Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on the growth and susceptibility of facultatively anaerobic bacteria and bacteria with oxidative metabolism to selected antibiotics
Chmelař, D., Rozložník, M., Hájek, M., Pospíšilová, N., & Kuzma, J. (2023) · Folia Microbiologica · doi:10.1007/s12223-023-01120-5 · Cited by 7
Mapping Microbial Abundance and Prevalence to Changing Oxygen Concentration in Deep-Sea Sediments Using Machine Learning and Differential Abundance
Møller, T. E., Bauer, S. L. M., Hannisdal, B., Zhao, R., Baumberger, T., Roerdink, D. L., Dupuis, A., Thorseth, I. H., Pedersen, R. B., & Jørgensen, S. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.804575 · Cited by 7
Impacts of Ammonia Stress and Iron-based Conductive Materials on the Stability of Anaerobic Granular sludges: Compositions, Exoprotein Structures, and Microbial Origins of Extracellular Polymeric Substances
Jiao, P., Zhang, M., Zhang, X., & Ma, L. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.166683 · Cited by 6
Decoding oxygen preference: Machine learning discovers functional genes in Bacteria
Wan, S., Liu, H., Zhu, G., Geng, Y., Li, W., Chen, L., Zhang, Y., & Han, G. (2025) · Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2025.111095 · Cited by 6
Red blood cell-mimetic hollow covalent organic framework with oxygen-replenishing and cavitation-amplified for enhanced sonodynamic therapy of periodontitis
Zhou, Y., Pan, Q., Wang, R., Ge, Y., Zhang, X., Guo, Y., Sun, R., Liu, X., Liu, S., Liu, M., et al. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.167170 · Cited by 6
Metagenomic evidence clarifies the texture-dependent cascading effects of organic degradation on soil hypoxia and N2O emission
Hu, J., Cyle, K., Yuan, W. W., & Shi, W. (2025) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1670657 · Cited by 6
The aerobic electron flux is deficient in fumarate respiration of a strict anaerobe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
Lin, L., Zou, M., & Lu, Z. (2022) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.017 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Hindguts of Kyphosus sydneyanus harbor phylogenetically and genomically distinct Alistipes capable of degrading algal polysaccharides and diazotrophy
Facimoto, C. T., Clements, K. D., White, W. L., & Handley, K. M. (2024) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.01007-24 · Cited by 6
Enhanced resilience to oxygen exposure and toxicity of chlorinated solvents in immobilized Dehalococcoides mccartyi
Wang, J., Li, X., Jin, H., Cui, Y., Jiang, L., Huang, S., Shi, K., & Yan, J. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137769 · Cited by 6
Preparation, Characterization, and Preclinical Efficacy of In Situ Gels Containing Benzydamine Hydrochloride for Oral Mucositis
Mehravaran, M., Haeri, A., Rabbani, S., & Torshabi, M. (2025) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Applied Biomaterials · doi:10.1002/jbm.b.35611 · Cited by 6
Are an Aging Gut and a Decrease in Butyrate Production the Reasons for Atherosclerosis?
Dicks, L. M. T. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26178276 · Cited by 6
Distinct microbial communities within and on seep carbonates support long-term anaerobic oxidation of methane and divergent pMMO diversity
Mayr, M. J., Parra, S. A., Connon, S. A., Narayanan, A. K., Murali, R., Crémière, A., & Orphan, V. J. (2025) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1093/ismejo/wraf153 · Cited by 6
Characterization of the oxidative stress response regulatory network in Bacteroides fragilis: An interaction between BmoR and OxyR regulons promotes abscess formation in a model of intra-abdominal infection
Teixeira, F. L., da Costa, S. B., Pauer, H., de Almeida, B. J., Oliveira, A. C., Smith, C. J., Domingues, R. M. C. P., Rocha, E. R., & Lobo, L. A. (2022) · Anaerobe · doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102668 · Cited by 6
Adaptation of Archaeal Communities to Summer Hypoxia in the Sediment of Bohai Sea
Guo, X., Li, Y., Song, G., Zhao, L., & Wang, J. (2025) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.70768 · Cited by 5
Fortification of FeS Clusters Reshapes Anaerobic CO Dehydrogenase into an Air‐Viable Enzyme Through Multilayered Sealing of O 2 Tunnels
Kim, S. M., Kong, S. Y., Kang, J., Ji, J. S., Kang, S. H., Yoon, H., Kim, H., Ryu, J., Lee, H. H., & Kim, Y. H. (2025) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202508565 · Cited by 5
Alternative carbon and energy metabolisms linked to hydrocarbon degradation are widely distributed across the different microbial communities from deep-sea sediments of the Gulf of Mexico
Torres-Beltrán, M., Hernández‐Guzmán, M., Barcelos, C., Chong‐Robles, J., Sidón-Ceseña, K., García‐Maldonado, J. Q., Aguirre‐Macedo, M. L., & Lago‐Lestón, A. (2025) · Environmental Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40793-025-00823-1 · Cited by 5
Water content-driven uranium fraction transformation and stability dynamics in contaminated soils
Ding, Y., Yuan, Y., Zeng, T., Liu, W., Shi, K., Huang, X., & Ding, D. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140832 · Cited by 5
Key challenges and novel encapsulation technologies for probiotics stability improvement: A review
Gao, H., Li, Z., Bai, C., & Xiao, J. (2026) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.149453 · Cited by 5
Impact of Fecal Microbiota Transplant Formulations, Storage Conditions, and Duration on Bacterial Viability, Functionality, and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection
Shaheen, M. N., McDougall, C., Chan, L., Franz, R., Wong, K., Giebelhaus, R. T., Nguyen, G., Nam, S. L., de la Mata, A. P., Yeo, S., et al. (2025) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms13030587 · Cited by 5
Rapid start-up of partial nitrification in wastewater through aerobic starvation: remodeling population of four types of bacteria
Cheng, Z., Zhang, Q., Kao, C., Li, X., Zhang, L., & Peng, Y. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.122449 · Cited by 5
Towards standardized microbial hydrogen consumption testing in the subsurface: harmonized field sampling and enrichment approaches
Černá, K., Fadrhonc, K., Říha, J., Bombach, P., Stéphant, S., Michel, C., Fablet, L., Trémosa, J., Mayers, K. M. J., An, B. A., et al. (2025) · World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s11274-025-04542-0 · Cited by 5
Common Divalent Cations Elicit Sublethal Effects of Negatively Charged Nanoplastics on Shewanella oneidensis by Compromising Membrane Protein Functionality
Zhang, S., Jia, B., Huang, W., Ke, C., Chen, Y., Deng, Y., Lu, G., Dang, Z., & Guo, C. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c04610 · Cited by 5
Anaerobic Biodegradation: The Anaerobic Digestion Process
Asri, O. E. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83783-9_4-1 · Cited by 5
Editors’ Choice—Luminescent Oxygen Sensors: Valuable Tools for Spatiotemporal Exploration of Metabolism in In Vitro Systems
Sodia, T. Z., & Cash, K. J. (2023) · ECS Sensors Plus · doi:10.1149/2754-2726/ace202 · Cited by 5
Advancements in Biomass Degradation: The Role of Cross-linked Endocellulase in Agroindustrial Waste Processing
Dasari, D., Manyapu, V., & Mandpe, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-58441-1_18 · Cited by 5
Fermentation dynamics of bile salt hydrolase production in Heyndrickxia coagulans ATCC 7050 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 10012: Addressing ninhydrin assay limitations with a novel HPTLC–MS method
Nair, P. P., & Annapure, U. S. (2024) · Journal of Microbiological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2024.107050 · Cited by 5
Kinetics of air mixing–anaerobic digestion: High organic substrate concentrations enhance system resistance to oxygen stress
Song, K., Chen, H., Zhao, Y., Chen, L., You, R., Wang, Y., Yang, H., Wang, W., & Deng, L. (2026) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2026.172771 · Cited by 4
Long-term performance and microbial insights of an iron–carbon enhanced CW-MFC and shallow sand filtration system for rural greywater treatment
Zhu, Z., Chen, S., Li, Y., He, J., Li, Y., Hong, P., Xie, C., Wu, Z., Lu, J., Yang, D., et al. (2026) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d5ra09271j · Cited by 4
The synergistic effect of gas distribution and microbial composition on the co-composting process of different crop straws and chicken manure
Li, L., Liu, M., Wang, Y., Hao, P., Hao, J., Wang, C., Liu, S., & Qi, C. (2025) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121162 · Cited by 4
Microreactors derived from water-in-water pickering emulsions for Bacillus amyloliquefaciens proliferation and synthesis of 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol
Ding, X., Huang, W., Cao, H., Ao, S., Zou, D., Wei, X., & Liu, S. (2025) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2025.133231 · Cited by 4
SynCom-Mediated Spatiotemporal Oxygen Control Enhances Lignocellulose Degradation and Nutrient Preservation
Shi, J., Sun, Z., Qi, B., Zhang, G., & Lu, Q. (2025) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c02042 · Cited by 4
Materials design of gas-releasing nanoplatforms: strategies for precision delivery in oral healthcare
Zhong, H., Tan, W., Zhang, J., Huang, X., Chen, H., Zou, J., Ye, Y. W., Wang, T., Yang, X., Jiang, L., et al. (2025) · Materials & Design · doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114704 · Cited by 4
Obscure quorum sensing-mediated modulations facilitating enhanced biogas production
James, A., Li, M., Li, A., Zeng, W., Fu, S., Si, B., Gupta, V. K., Li, Y., Ma, J., & Pan, J. (2025) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2025.116331 · Cited by 4
Capturing the Signal of Reactive Oxygen Species in Anaerobic Digestion Process and their Downstream Role: A Worthy Endeavor
Yan, M., Zhou, S., Li, Y., Tian, H., & Sun, Y. (2026) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c09920 · Cited by 4
Heterologous expression of NoxA confers aerotolerance in Clostridium sporogenes
Sadr, S., Zargar, B., Perez, J., Aucoin, M. G., & Ingalls, B. (2023) · Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1002/biot.202300161 · Cited by 4
Single-cell metal–phenolic nanocoatings protect strictly anaerobic methanogens for methane production at an atmospheric oxygen level
Ma, J.-Y., Zhong, Q., Sun, X., Yang, Y., Feng, L., Duan, J.-L., Liu, X.-Y., Li, X., Hao, J., Cui, J., et al. (2023) · Environmental Science Nano · doi:10.1039/d3en00471f · Cited by 4
New functions of pirin proteins and a 2‐ketoglutarate: Ferredoxin oxidoreductase ortholog in Bacteroides fragilis metabolism and their impact on antimicrobial susceptibility to metronidazole and amixicile
Gough, A. M., Parker, A. C., O'Bryan, P. J., Whitehead, T. R., Roy, S., Garcia, B. L., Hoffman, P. S., Jeffrey Smith, C., & Rocha, E. R. (2024) · MicrobiologyOpen · doi:10.1002/mbo3.1429 · Cited by 4
Achieving synchronous nitrogen and phosphorus removal by aerobic enrichment of electrotrophic/heterotrophic bacteria and denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms in repeatedly oxygen-rich microbial fuel cells
Jiang, X., Xiong, X., Liu, M., Yang, N., Gao, Y. S., Yao, L., Luo, D., & Lei, Y. (2025) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132297 · Cited by 4
Sulfate-Reducing Prokaryotes: Changing Paradigms
Barton, L. L., & Fauque, G. D. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-96703-1_1 · Cited by 4
H2O2 feeding enables LPMO‐assisted cellulose saccharification during simultaneous fermentative production of lactic acid
Hansen, L. D., Eijsink, V. G. H., Horn, S. J., & Várnai, A. (2022) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.28298 · Cited by 4
Metabolism of Dietary Substrates by Intestinal Bacteria and Consequences for the Host Intestine
Blachier, F. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26322-4_3 · Cited by 4
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in COVID-19 is associated with intestinal DNA phage dynamics of lysogenic and lytic infection
Ishizaka, A., Tamura, A., Koga, M., Mizutani, T., Yamayoshi, S., Iwatsuki‐Horimoto, K., Yasuhara, A., Yamamoto, S., Nagai, H., Adachi, E., et al. (2024) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.00998-24 · Cited by 3
Probiotic applications of bifidobacteria in poultry: administration methods and microencapsulation techniques
Argañaraz-Martínez, E., Apella, M. C., Chaia, A. P., & Babot, J. D. (2024) · Microbiome Research Reports · doi:10.20517/mrr.2025.64 · Cited by 3
NIR-Responsive Nanoplatform Based on CuO 2 with Self-Supplied H 2 O 2 /O 2 for Synergistic Photodynamic-Chemodynamic-Photothermal Therapy of Skin Abscesses
Zhu, Y., Si, J., Xu, T., Zheng, L., Xiao, X., Sun, X., Ding, H., & Dong, Y. (2025) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.5c11434 · Cited by 3
Organic amendments to control odor during soil application of poultry byproducts under dynamic moisture conditions
Drabold, E. T., Neville, W., Mann, F., Feyzbar-Khalkhali-Nejad, F., Adhikari, S., & Higgins, B. T. (2025) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180663 · Cited by 3
Persistence of vegetative and sporulated forms of Clostridium perfringens exposed to air at different relative humidities
Savard, L., Moundanga, S., Guyot, S., Mtimet, N., Firmesse, O., Dupont, S., & Beney, L. (2025) · Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.fm.2025.104968 · Cited by 3
Revisiting camera-based calibration of oxygen optodes: Error sources, empirical alternatives, and practical guidelines for end-users
Rasmussen, M. R., Koren, K., & Kalinichev, A. V. (2025) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2025.139030 · Cited by 3
Sunlight-activated semiconducting iron minerals in anammox granules: Stimulating metabolic cooperation, suppressing nitrate accumulation, and mitigating oxidative stress
Wang, X., Xie, E., Hao, G., Xing, Y., Tian, Q., Wu, G., Zhang, H., & Zheng, L. (2026) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2026.133960 · Cited by 3

Authors: Lu, Z., & Imlay, J. A.
Affiliations: Shantou University (CN)
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
Corresponding author: Lu, Zheng
Imlay, James A.
ORCID: Lu, Zheng
Imlay, James A.
Venue: Nature Reviews Microbiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2021-06-28
Volume: 19
Issue: 12
Pages: 774-785
ISSN: 1740-1526 (ISSN-L)
1740-1534
DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00583-y
PMC: PMC9191689
OpenAlex: W3174803191
Cited by: 318
References: 139
Citations by year: 2026: 68 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 5
FWCI: 4.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Nature Reviews Microbiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R37GM049640, R01GM049640, R01GM141252)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Metal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms
Keywords: obligate anaerobes, oxygen toxicity, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant defense, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen tolerance, Bacteroides, Desulfovibrio, Pyrococcus, Clostridium, low oxygen environment, anaerobic metabolism, microbial communities
MeSH terms: Anaerobiosis, Bacteria, Anaerobic, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Desulfovibrio, Hydrogen Peroxide, Oxygen, Superoxides, Reactive Oxygen Species, Pyrococcus

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

When anaerobes encounter oxygen: mechanisms of oxygen toxicity, tolerance and defence

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks