Cited by 2,059Zoonotic diseases and public healthViral Infections and Outbreaks ResearchClimate Change and Health Impacts

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Infectious disease in an era of global change

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Baker, Rachel E., Mahmud, Ayesha S., Miller, Ian F., Rajeev, Malavika, Rasambainarivo, Fidisoa, Rice, Benjamin L., Takahashi, Saki, Tatem, Andrew J., Wagner, Caroline E., Wang, Lin-Fa, Wesolowski, Amy, Metcalf, C. Jessica E.·2022·Nature Reviews Microbiology

DOI 10.1038/s41579-021-00639-zPMC PMC8513385

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Abstract

The twenty-first century has witnessed a wave of severe infectious disease outbreaks, not least the COVID-19 pandemic, which has had a devastating impact on lives and livelihoods around the globe. The 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak, the 2009 swine flu pandemic, the 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak, the 2013-2016 Ebola virus disease epidemic in West Africa and the 2015 Zika virus disease epidemic all resulted in substantial morbidity and mortality while spreading across borders to infect people in multiple countries. At the same time, the past few decades have ushered in an unprecedented era of technological, demographic and climatic change: airline flights have doubled since 2000, since 2007 more people live in urban areas than rural areas, population numbers continue to climb and climate change presents an escalating threat to society. In this Review, we consider the extent to which these recent global changes have increased the risk of infectious disease outbreaks, even as improved sanitation and access to health care have resulted in considerable progress worldwide.

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Authors: Baker, R. E., Mahmud, A. S., Miller, I. F., Rajeev, M., Rasambainarivo, F., Rice, B. L., Takahashi, S., Tatem, A. J., Wagner, C. E., Wang, L.-F., Wesolowski, A., & Metcalf, C. J. E.
Affiliations: Princeton University (US)
University of California, Berkeley (US)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
University of Southampton (GB)
McGill University (CA)
Duke University (US)
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author: Baker, Rachel E.
Metcalf, C. Jessica E.
ORCID: Baker, Rachel E.
Mahmud, Ayesha S.
Miller, Ian F.
Rajeev, Malavika
Rasambainarivo, Fidisoa
Rice, Benjamin L.
Takahashi, Saki
Tatem, Andrew J.
Wagner, Caroline E.
Wang, Lin-Fa
Wesolowski, Amy
Metcalf, C. Jessica E.
Venue: Nature Reviews Microbiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2021-10-13
Volume: 20
Issue: 4
Pages: 193-205
ISSN: 1740-1526 (ISSN-L)
1740-1534
DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00639-z
PMC: PMC8513385
OpenAlex: W3205480029
Cited by: 2,059
References: 168
Citations by year: 2026: 358 · 2025: 602 · 2024: 595 · 2023: 359 · 2022: 139 · 2021: 4
FWCI: 49.91
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Nature Reviews Microbiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Burroughs Wellcome Fund
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-024911)
Princeton University
National Research Foundation (NRF2012NRFCRP001-056, NRF2016NRF-NSFC002-013)
National Research Foundation Singapore (NRF2016NRF, NRF2012NRF‐CRP001‐056, NRF2016NRF-NSFC002-013, CRP001-056)
Ministry of Education - Singapore (MOE2019-T2-2-130)
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Ministry of Education, India
National Institutes of Health
Medical Research Council
National Medical Research Council (COVID19RF-003, MOH-OFIRG19MAY-0011)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (1R01A1160780–01, R01AI160780)
U.S. National Library of Medicine (DP2LM013102)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P2CHD073964)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Zoonotic diseases and public health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Climate Change and Health Impacts
Keywords: infectious disease outbreaks, global change, COVID-19 pandemic, SARS, swine influenza, MERS, Ebola virus disease, Zika virus, climate change, urbanization, international travel
MeSH terms: Zika Virus Infection, Zika Virus, COVID-19, Communicable Diseases, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, Pandemics, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

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