Development, wiring and function of dopamine neuron subtypes

Mutation in the α-Synuclein Gene Identified in Families with Parkinson's Disease

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An Essay on the Shaking Palsy

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Slide-seq: A scalable technology for measuring genome-wide expression at high spatial resolution

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Non-motor features of Parkinson disease

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Parkinson's disease

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Dopamine neurons derived from human ES cells efficiently engraft in animal models of Parkinson’s disease

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The substantia nigra of the human brain

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Dopamine neuron systems in the brain: An update

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Mechanisms of neuromodulatory volume transmission

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Inflammation-free electrochemical in vivo sensing of dopamine with atomic-level engineered antioxidative single-atom catalyst

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The Formation and Function of the VTA Dopamine System

Hou, G., Hao, M., Duan, J., & Han, M.-H. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25073875 · Cited by 65

Synaptic and circuit functions of multitransmitter neurons in the mammalian brain

Wallace, M. L., & Sabatini, B. L. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.06.003 · Cited by 59

Dopaminergic neuron metabolism: relevance for understanding Parkinson’s disease

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Longitudinal autophagy profiling of the mammalian brain reveals sustained mitophagy throughout healthy aging

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Humanized brain organoids-on-chip integrated with sensors for screening neuronal activity and neurotoxicity

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Low-cost and scalable projected light-sheet microscopy for the high-resolution imaging of cleared tissue and living samples

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Calbindin and Girk2/Aldh1a1 define resilient vs vulnerable dopaminergic neurons in a primate Parkinson’s disease model

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Distributional coding of associative learning in discrete populations of midbrain dopamine neurons

Avvisati, R., Kaufmann, A.-K., Young, C. J., Portlock, G. E., Cancemi, S., Costa, R. P., Magill, P. J., & Dodson, P. D. (2024) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114080 · Cited by 33

TARGET-seq: Linking single-cell transcriptomics of human dopaminergic neurons with their target specificity

Fiorenzano, A., Storm, P., Sozzi, E., Bruzelius, A., Corsi, S., Kajtez, J., Mudannayake, J. M., Nelander, J., Mattsson, B., Åkerblom, M., et al. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2410331121 · Cited by 25

Canonical and Non-Canonical Antipsychotics’ Dopamine-Related Mechanisms of Present and Next Generation Molecules: A Systematic Review on Translational Highlights for Treatment Response and Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia

de Bartolomeis, A., Ciccarelli, M., Simone, G. D., Mazza, B., Barone, A., & Vellucci, L. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24065945 · Cited by 29

Transcriptomic atlas of midbrain dopamine neurons uncovers differential vulnerability in a Parkinsonism lesion model

Salmani, B. Y., Lahti, L., Gillberg, L., Jacobsen, J. K., Mantas, I., Svenningsson, P., & Perlmann, T. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.89482 · Cited by 46

Oral nano-antioxidants improve sleep by restoring intestinal barrier integrity and preventing systemic inflammation

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Molecular and spatial transcriptomic classification of midbrain dopamine neurons and their alterations in a LRRK2G2019S model of Parkinson’s diseasePreprint

Gaertner, Z. A., Oram, C., Schneeweis, A. K., Schonfeld, E., Bolduc, C., Chen, C., Dombeck, D. A., Parisiadou, L., Poulin, J.-F., & Awatramani, R. B. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.101035 · Cited by 22

Single-cell sequencing of the substantia nigra reveals microglial activation in a model of MPTP

Liu, Q., Liu, Z., Xie, W., Li, Y., Wang, H., Zhang, S., Wang, W., Hao, J., Geng, D., Yang, J., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2024.1390310 · Cited by 20

A dual-signal sensing platform based on single atomic iron-nitrogen-carbon nanozyme for the detection of neurodegenerative disease-related bioactive molecules acetylcholinesterase and dopamine

Han, Z., Zhou, C., Lv, Y., Wang, N., & Su, X. (2024) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2024.136969 · Cited by 17

Whole-brain mapping reveals the divergent impact of ketamine on the dopamine system

Datta, M. S., Chen, Y., Chauhan, S., Zhang, J., Cruz, E. D. D. L., Gong, C., & Tomer, R. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113491 · Cited by 17

Advances, challenges, and opportunities of human midbrain organoids for modelling of the dopaminergic system

Fiorenzano, A., Sozzi, E., Kästli, R., Iazzetta, M. R., Bruzelius, A., Arlotta, P., & Parmar, M. (2025) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/s44318-025-00494-1 · Cited by 16

Emerging trends on nanomaterial-based simultaneous electrochemical sensing of dopamine and acetaminophen

Roy, A. P., Chakravorty, A., Mini, A. A., Das, S., Mangaiyarkarasi, R., & Raghavan, V. (2024) · Results in Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101489 · Cited by 14

Neuronal heterogeneity in the ventral tegmental area: Distinct contributions to reward circuitry and motivated behavior

Fitzgerald, N. D., & Day, J. J. (2024) · Addiction Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.addicn.2024.100191 · Cited by 14

Establishing functionally segregated dopaminergic circuits

Terauchi, A., Johnson‐Venkatesh, E., & Umemori, H. (2025) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2024.12.002 · Cited by 12

Fermented Gastrodia elata Bl. Intervenes gut microbiota and amino acid metabolism in zebrafish to promote 5-HT homeostasis against sleep disturbances

Zhang, C., Zhang, X., Qiu, H., Song, Q., Wang, Y., Zhang, C., & Zhang, Q. (2025) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2025.116757 · Cited by 12

Cannabinoid type-1 receptor signaling in dopaminergic Engrailed-1 expressing neurons modulates motivation and depressive-like behavior

Baddenhausen, S., Lutz, B., & Hofmann, C. (2024) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2024.1379889 · Cited by 10

Effects of deep brain stimulation on dopamine D2 receptor binding in patients with treatment-refractory depression

Wang, F., Xin, M., Li, X., Li, L., Wang, C., Dai, L., Zheng, C., Cao, K., Yang, X., Ge, Q., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.082 · Cited by 10

Comparison of dopamine release and uptake parameters across sex, species and striatal subregions

Kuiper, L. B., Dawes, M. H., West, A. M., DiMarco, E. K., Galante, E. V., Kishida, K. T., & Jones, S. R. (2024) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.16495 · Cited by 10

Genetically encoded dopamine sensors: principles, applications, and future directions

Dong, H., Wang, Z., & Li, Y. (2025) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2025.101489 · Cited by 10

Deep learning-based image analysis identifies a DAT-negative subpopulation of dopaminergic neurons in the lateral Substantia nigra

Burkert, N., Roy, S., Häusler, M., Wuttke, D., Müller, S., Wiemer, J., Hollmann, H., Oldrati, M., Ramírez‐Franco, J., Benkert, J., et al. (2023) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-023-05441-6 · Cited by 11

Molecular diversity and migration of GABAergic neurons in the developing ventral midbrain

Düdükcü, Ö., Raj, D. D. A., van de Haar, L. L., Grossouw, L. M., Linders, L. E., Garritsen, O., Adolfs, Y., van Kronenburg, N. C. H., Broekhoven, M. H., Kapteijns, T. H. W., et al. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.111239 · Cited by 8

Molecular and spatial transcriptomic classification of midbrain dopamine neurons and their alterations in a LRRK2G2019S model of Parkinson’s disease

Gaertner, Z. A., Oram, C., Schneeweis, A. K., Schonfeld, E., Bolduc, C., Chen, C., Dombeck, D. A., Parisiadou, L., Poulin, J.-F., & Awatramani, R. B. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.1101/2024.06.06.597807 · Cited by 8

State of the Art in Sub-Phenotyping Midbrain Dopamine Neurons

Basso, V., Döbrössy, M. D., Thompson, L. H., Kirik, D., Fuller, H. R., & Gates, M. A. (2024) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology13090690 · Cited by 9

Sox9 and nuclear factor I transcription factors regulate the timing of neurogenesis and ependymal maturation in dopamine progenitors

Lahti, L., Volakakis, N., Gillberg, L., Salmani, B. Y., Tiklová, K., Kee, N., Lundén-Miguel, H., Werkman, M. H., Piper, M., Gronostajski, R. M., et al. (2025) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.204421 · Cited by 8

Different electrophysiological profiles of genetically labelled dopaminergic neurons in the mouse midbrain and olfactory bulb

Lau, M. Y. H., Gadiwalla, S., Jones, S., & Galliano, E. (2024) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.16239 · Cited by 10

Mapping the Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome in Bipolar Disorder

Göteson, A., Holmén‐Larsson, J., Celik, H., Pelanis, A., Sellgren, C. M., Sparding, T., Pålsson, E., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., Jönsson, L., et al. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.01.007 · Cited by 9

Selective loss of Scn2a in ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons leads to dopamine system hypofunction and autistic-like behaviors

Li, L., Huang, Q. Q., Hu, J., Jin, M., Zhuo, Y., Wei, K., He, Q., Xiao, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, W., et al. (2025) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2025.06.003 · Cited by 10

An atlas of GPCRs in dopamine neurons: Identification of the free fatty acid receptor 4 as a regulator of food and water intake

Apuschkin, M., Burm, H. B., Schmidt, J. H., Skov, L. J., Andersen, R. C., Bowin, C.-F., Støier, J. F., Jensen, K. L., Posselt, L. P., Dmytriyeva, O., et al. (2024) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114509 · Cited by 7

Circular RNAs regulate neuron size and migration of midbrain dopamine neurons during development

Rybiczka-Tešulov, M., Garritsen, O., Venø, M. T., Wieg, L., van Dijk, R. E., Rahimi, K., Gomes‐Duarte, A., de Wit, M., van de Haar, L. L., Michels, L., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-51041-1 · Cited by 7

Transcriptomic atlas of midbrain dopamine neurons uncovers differential vulnerability in a Parkinsonism lesion modelPreprint

Salmani, B. Y., Lahti, L., Gillberg, L., Jacobsen, J. K., Mantas, I., Svenningsson, P., & Perlmann, T. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.06.05.543445 · Cited by 7

Developmental exposure to cannabis compromises dopamine system function and behavior

Solinas, M., & Melis, M. (2024) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101442 · Cited by 6

Cell type specificity for circuit output in the midbrain dopaminergic system

Blaess, S., & Krabbe, S. (2023) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2023.102811 · Cited by 6

Multi-omic human neural organoid cell atlas of the posterior brainPreprint

Azbukina, N. V., He, Z., Lin, H., Santel, M., Kashanian, B., Maynard, A., Torok, T., Okamoto, R., Nikolova, M. T., Kanton, S., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.03.20.644368 · Cited by 6

Early auditory and adult mating experiences interact with singer identity to shape neural responses to song in female zebra finches

Catalano, I., & Woolley, S. C. (2025) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00504.2024 · Cited by 7

Neurotransmitter Regulatory Networks: A New Perspective on Cancer Therapy

Zhang, X., Cao, J., Zhang, Y., Li, C., & Jing, Y. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15101429 · Cited by 8

Biomimetic nanodelivery system with simultaneous blood–brain barrier-crossing and neuroprotective abilities for anti-parkinsonian therapy

Yin, X., Qiu, J., Cheng, G., Wu, J., Wang, C., Zheng, C., Huang, S., & Chen, T. (2025) · Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13020-025-01239-2 · Cited by 5

An in vivo and in vitro spatiotemporal profile of human midbrain development

Budinger, D., Puigdevall, P., Hall, G. T., Roth, C., Xenakis, T. A., Marrosu, E., Jerber, J., Domenico, A. D., Picco, F., Kilpinen, H., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-67779-1 · Cited by 6

Human Midbrain Organoids Enriched With Dopaminergic Neurons for Long‐Term Functional Evaluation

Wang, X., Sun, G., Tang, M., Li, D., Qi, J., Wang, C., Wang, Y., & Hu, B. (2025) · Cell Proliferation · doi:10.1111/cpr.70005 · Cited by 5

Reelin marks cocaine-activated striatal neurons, promotes neuronal excitability, and regulates cocaine reward

Brida, K. L., Jorgensen, E. T., Phillips, R. A., Newman, C. E., Tuscher, J. J., Morring, E. K., Zipperly, M. E., Ianov, L., Montgomery, K. D., Tippani, M., et al. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.ads4441 · Cited by 6

Sexually dimorphic mechanisms of VGLUT-mediated protection from dopaminergic neurodegenerationPreprint

Buck, S. A., Rubin, S. A., Kunkhyen, T., Treiber, C. D., Xue, X., Fenno, L. E., Mabry, S. J., Sundar, V. R., Yang, Z., Shah, D., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.10.02.560584 · Cited by 5

Nucleus accumbens sub-regions experience distinct dopamine release responses following acute and chronic morphine exposurePreprint

Gooding, S. W., Lewis, E., Chau, C., Sandhu, S., Glienke, J., & Whistler, J. L. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.06.28.601282 · Cited by 6

Comparison of basal ganglia regions across murine brain atlases using metadata models and the Waxholm Space

Kleven, H., Schlegel, U., Groenewegen, H. J., Leergaard, T. B., & Bjerke, I. E. (2024) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-024-03863-3 · Cited by 5

The dopaminergic system in neurodevelopment: preclinical models of neurodevelopmental disorders and susceptibility to neurodegeneration

Santoni, M., Mastio, A., Pistis, M., & Sagheddu, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2026.1782731 · Cited by 4

3-Hydroxybenzeneboronic Acid Enables Stable and Sensitive Dopamine Detection by Inhibiting Target Self-Polymerization

Yang, Z., Cheng, J., Lu, F., Yu, J.-X., Du, Y., Yuan, Z., & Lu, C. (2025) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.4c06246 · Cited by 4

Combination antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapy mitigates persistent neurological deficits in mice post SARS-CoV-2 infection

Verma, A. K., Tan, L., Schuster, N., Moye, S. L., Lin, L.-C., Lowery, S. A., Duraisami, E., Abrahante, J. E., Qiu, Q., Hefti, M. H., et al. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2530209123 · Cited by 5

Heterogeneity of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons: From molecular classifications, electrophysiological properties to functional connectivity

Lu, X., Xue, J., Lai, Y., & Tang, X. (2024) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202302031r · Cited by 4

We’re not in Kansas anymore: ectopic dopaminergic terminals as an explanation for the positive symptoms in psychiatric pathology

Avramescu, R. G., & Flores, C. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.230015 · Cited by 4

Molecular and spatial transcriptomic classification of midbrain dopamine neurons and their alterations in a LRRK2G2019S model of Parkinson’s diseasePreprint

Gaertner, Z. A., Oram, C., Schneeweis, A. K., Schonfeld, E., Bolduc, C., Chen, C., Dombeck, D. A., Parisiadou, L., Poulin, J. F., & Awatramani, R. B. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.101035.1 · Cited by 5

Fluorescence detection of dopamine signaling to the primate striatum in relation to stimulus–reward associations

Yan, G., Amita, H., Nonomura, S., Inoue, K., Schultz, W., & Takada, M. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2426861122 · Cited by 3

Translating stress systems: corticotropin releasing factor, its receptors, and the dopamine system in nonhuman primate models

Fudge, J. L., Kelly, E. A., & Mahoui, I. (2025) · Genomic psychiatry : · doi:10.61373/gp025i.0038 · Cited by 3

LRRK2 and the fragile synapse: a molecular prelude to Parkinson’s disease?

Masotti, B., Tombesi, G., Parisiadou, L., & Greggio, E. (2025) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bcj20253351 · Cited by 8

Dopamine ensembles regulating appetite, feeding, and energy homeostasis

Onimus, O., Peters, K. Z., Naneix, F., & Gangarossa, G. (2026) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2026.04.012 · Cited by 4

Disrupted coordination between primary and high-order cognitive networks in Parkinson’s disease based on morphological and functional analysis

Ma, Y., Wang, L., Li, T., Zhang, J., Funahashi, S., Wu, J., Wang, X., Zhang, K., Liu, T., & Yan, T. (2025) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-025-02909-5 · Cited by 3

A dual‐omics approach on the effects of fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) on ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons in response to alcohol consumption in mice

Hose, L., Langenhagen, A. K., Kefalakes, E., Schweitzer, T., Kubinski, S., Barak, S., Pich, A., & Grothe, C. (2024) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.16234 · Cited by 3

Transcriptomic atlas of midbrain dopamine neurons uncovers differential vulnerability in a Parkinsonism lesion modelPreprint

Salmani, B. Y., Lahti, L., Gillberg, L., Jacobsen, J. K., Mantas, I., Svenningsson, P., & Perlmann, T. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.89482.2 · Cited by 3

JMJD3 deficiency disturbs dopamine biosynthesis in midbrain and aggravates chronic inflammatory pain

He, X.-B., Guo, F., Zhang, W., Fan, J., Le, W., Chen, Q., Ma, Y., Zheng, Y., Lee, S.-H., Wang, H.-J., et al. (2024) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-024-01912-x · Cited by 1

Unraveling the Mystery of Hemoglobin in Hypoxia-Accelerated Neurodegenerative Diseases

Tian, Z., Jin, F., Geng, Z., Xu, Z., Shao, Q., Liu, G., Ji, X., & Liu, J. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15091221 · Cited by 2

Cognitive and Neural Mechanisms of Motivation, Reward, and Self-Control

Goschke, T. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-87947-0_10 · Cited by 2

Evaluating Parkinson’s disease biomarkers in substantia nigra following sublethal γ-radiation exposure in a large animal model

Murphy, E. K., Perl, D. P., Day, R. M., & Iacono, D. (2025) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-025-01136-3 · Cited by 2

Single-cell multi-omic atlas and morphogen screening informs midbrain and hindbrain organoid engineering

Azbukina, N. V., He, Z., Lin, H., Santel, M., Kashanian, B., Maynard, A., Török, T., Okamoto, R., Nikolova, M. T., Seimiya, M., et al. (2026) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02316-x · Cited by 10

POINTseq: Cell-type-specific barcoding reveals single-cell projection architecture of the mouse dopaminergic system

Kim, H., Xu, C., Washington, C., Shi, C., Lowman, M., & Kebschull, J. M. (2026) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2026.05.005 · Cited by 6

Loss of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 in striatum of long COVID and relationship to neuropsychiatric symptoms

Liu, Y. K., Persaud, D., Vieira, E. L., Braga, J., Rusjan, P., Miler, L., Rabin, J. S., McCluskey, T., Boileau, I., Chao, T., et al. (2026) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2026.106339 · Cited by 2

CHL1 depletion affects dopamine receptor D2-dependent modulation of mouse behavior

Fernandes, L. R., KLEENE, R. B., Congiu, L., Freitag, S., Kneussel, M., Loers, G., & Schachner, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1288509 · Cited by 2

Transcriptomic atlas of midbrain dopamine neurons uncovers differential vulnerability in a Parkinsonism lesion modelPreprint

Salmani, B. Y., Lahti, L., Gillberg, L., Jacobsen, J. K., Mantas, I., Svenningsson, P., & Perlmann, T. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.89482.1 · Cited by 2

Reelin marks cocaine-activated striatal ensembles, promotes neuronal excitability, and regulates cocaine rewardPreprint

Brida, K. L., Jorgensen, E. T., Phillips, R. A., Newman, C. E., Tuscher, J. J., Morring, E. K., Zipperly, M. E., Ianov, L., Montgomery, K. D., Tippani, M., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.06.17.599348 · Cited by 2

Bifurcation analysis on the reduced dopamine neuronal model

Jiang, X., Zhou, H., Wang, F., Zheng, B., & Lu, B. (2024) · Electronic Research Archive · doi:10.3934/era.2024191 · Cited by 1

Emerging potential of progranulin-dependent SorCS2 signaling in healthy and diseased nervous systems

Salašová, A., & Nykjær, A. (2024) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00734 · Cited by 1

Calbindin stratifies midbrain dopaminergic neurons governing distinct aspects of locomotion

Bolduc, C., Oram, C., Donovan, S., Bach, H., Liu, M., Marier, R., Sharpe, M., Liu, S., Campeau, C., Spencer, C. D., et al. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2613593123 · Cited by 2

Synchronization in discrete memristive Chialvo small-world neural networks

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Organizers in a dish: Modeling human CNS morphogenesis

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